A unique brain pattern that shifts tryptophan metabolism from serotonin production to neurotoxicity has been identified in individuals with major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. This finding holds promise for developing new diagnostic tests and targeted treatments for these conditions.
A new study from the University of Ottawa found that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected sleep habits in half of surveyed Canadians, leading to increased stress and anxiety. The study highlights the need for accessible interventions to address sleep problems during this unprecedented time.
A new study from Drexel University demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with syringe exchange services for women who inject drugs. The pilot program resulted in high PrEP adoption rates and improved HIV prevention outcomes, highlighting the potential for co-located services to address health dis...
Researchers developed a method to reformulate gentamicin, reducing the risk of irreversible hearing loss. The new formulation, C2b, shows comparable effectiveness while minimizing toxicity.
A new study found that US kidney biopsies don't add value beyond standard donor and recipient characteristics in predicting survival. Many discarded kidneys would likely benefit US patients awaiting a transplant, with some matching transplantation outcomes in Europe.
A Drexel University study found that health counselors with access to self-monitored health data helped participants maintain weight loss. The study involved 87 adult participants who shared their daily activity, food intake, and weight using wearable devices and smartphone apps.
Researchers found that greater eGFR variability is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality independent of other factors. In contrast, eGFR variability was not linked to cardiovascular disease events.
A nationwide registry study found frequent low blood pressure episodes during hemodialysis associated with a higher incidence of diagnosed peripheral arterial disease. Patients experiencing more intradialytic hypotension may warrant careful examination for PAD.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine discovered that blocking a single protein restores mass and strength to withered muscles in old mice. The protein, 15-PGDH, is elevated in old muscle and its inhibition leads to improved prostaglandin E2 levels, resulting in muscle fiber growth and increased mitochondrial density.
The California Academy of Sciences has added 213 new species to the tree of life, including 101 ants, 15 fishes, and 11 flowering plants. These discoveries provide valuable insights into Earth's biodiversity and help inform global conservation efforts.
A new treatment combination combining radiofrequency ablation and chemotherapy drug sunitinib significantly reduces tumor growth and extends the life span of mice with liver cancer. The therapy triggers an immune response to target and destroy liver cancer cells.
Researchers investigate various aspects of COVID-19. A study finds hydroxychloroquine has no benefit in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after exposure. Meanwhile, a review reveals patients with COVID-19 can develop prolonged illness, sometimes referred to as 'Long COVID'. Additionally, a Wuhan study sheds light on viral persistence and...
Researchers have found that knocking out the CD5 gene on CAR T cells using CRISPR-Cas9 technology enhances their ability to eliminate blood cancers. Mice infused with CD5-deleted CAR T cells showed higher T cell proliferation and reduced tumor size compared to non-edited cells.
The Lancet Global Countdown on Health and Climate Change highlights the devastating impact of climate change on human health, with key trends worsening unless urgent action is taken. Experts from institutions worldwide, including Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, contribute to the report's findings.
A study by NYU Langone Health found that once hospitalized, Black patients with COVID-19 have better outcomes than White patients. The research controlled for comorbid conditions and neighborhood income.
A comprehensive map of approximately 200 kinases has been created to assist researchers in designing molecules that target specific kinases for destruction. This could lead to more effective cancer therapies by targeting kinases that play a key role in tumor cell proliferation.
Researchers at the University of Chicago Medical Center have identified two new genes associated with preterm birth: HAND2 and GATA2. These genes play a crucial role in endometrial decidualization and embryo implantation, suggesting that their roles in pregnancy may be more important than previously anticipated.
Researchers at Drexel University have developed ultrathin spray-applied MXene antennas that surpass copper antenna performance in terms of thinness, flexibility, and durability. The new technology has the potential to enable significant advancements in IoT technology and mobile communication networks.
Researchers from the University of Queensland are exploring traditional Chinese medicine to develop more effective strategies for conservation. The study aims to make this ancient practice more accessible and culturally nuanced for conservationists.
Starting RASi lowers KRT risk while maintaining similar cardiovascular risks as CCB in advanced CKD patients. This nationwide study suggests RASi may slow kidney disease progression and offer cardiovascular protection.
A study led by Washington State University found that nurse practitioners significantly increased access to buprenorphine prescriptions in rural Oregon after gaining prescribing authority. In frontier regions, they accounted for nearly a third of all buprenorphine prescriptions dispensed.
A new World Health Organization Labour Care Guide was evaluated in six countries for its usability, feasibility and acceptability among healthcare providers. The study found that the guide supported woman-centered care and precise monitoring during labor, with providers identifying design improvements.
Researchers aim to fill knowledge gaps on spina bifida by setting up an international registry of patients and investigating the role of folic acid in disease risk. The grant will also fund whole genome sequencing to identify potential causes and underlying mechanisms of the disease.
A team of scientists at Children's Hospital Los Angeles conducted the largest pediatric genomic COVID-19 study to date, finding a possible link between specific viral mutations and disease severity. The study analyzed over 100,000 samples and identified a potential correlation between certain mutations and severe symptoms in children.
A recent analysis found that the diabetes medication canagliflozin slowed kidney function decline in patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease. The drug also reduced the risk of developing kidney failure and cardiovascular problems in these patients.
Researchers at Scripps Research successfully generated antibodies against multiple strains of HIV in mice using genetically engineered immune cells. The approach shows promise for preventing new HIV infections and potentially offering a functional cure for those with HIV/AIDS.
A new study uses artificial intelligence to predict which patients with metastatic melanoma will respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The algorithm achieves an accuracy rate of 80%, outperforming current predictive tools in a significant way.
Researchers at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research identified tiny variations in an amino acid sequence critical to retaining ancestral gene function. The study found that small differences can lead to significant evolutionary changes and highlights the importance of studying protein sequences.
Researchers successfully produce two types of diamonds, including Lonsdaleite and regular diamond, at room temperature by applying high pressures and 'shear' forces. The discovery paves the way for new uses of this rare and super-hard material.
Researchers found that e-cigarette users exhibited significantly altered immune responses to a model of influenza virus infection, suggesting increased susceptibility to disease. The study also found that vaping changes the expression of genes and production of proteins in respiratory cells.
A peptide called PACAP has been identified as a key player in the regulation of compulsive alcohol drinking. The protein acts on the Brain Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis to exert its effects, which are characterized by anxiety-like behavior and spontaneous compulsive alcohol drinking.
The Substantial Gainful Activity Project found that vocational rehabilitation services can increase earnings for individuals with disabilities. The project demonstrated a 17 percentage point increase in clients with a signed individualized plan for employment and an 8 percentage point increase in closures with competitive employment.
The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) honored 37 distinguished members with the 2020 Master of the ACR designation for their contributions to rheumatology research and patient care. The ACR also recognized leading researchers and clinicians with its Awards of Distinction, including the Presidential Gold Medal and the Paulding Phel...
Researchers recommend that healthcare providers discuss cannabis use with patients who have chronic pain and are using opioids. This conversation should be routine and judgment-free. The goal is to understand the patient's priorities and develop a plan based on evidence-based information.
Researchers have identified a new class of sedatives that could enhance the effectiveness of radiation and immunotherapy treatments for metastatic melanoma, reducing toxic side effects. In animal models, these treatments resulted in improved infiltration of immune cells into tumors, shrinking or eliminating cancerous growths.
A recent study suggests that the evolution of insulin has encountered a roadblock, rendering most people vulnerable to Type 2 diabetes. The researchers discovered that even slight variations in the insulin-sequencing process can impair insulin folding and induce cellular stress.
A new study by NYU Langone researchers found that tenant exposure to secondhand smoke in NYCHA buildings has not declined despite a smoking ban implemented one year ago. The policy requires more intensive efforts to support and enforce the rule, including better training for building managers and resident education.
This article examines the effects of COVID-19 on older adults and discusses policy recommendations to address age-related vulnerabilities. The research focuses on various aspects, including technology innovation, caregiving support, and retirement security.
A study by University of California - San Francisco researchers found that over a three-year period, more than a dozen ICE detention centers experienced large, repeated outbreaks of vaccine-preventable illnesses, including influenza, chickenpox, and mumps. The Centers reported nearly half of the infections occurred in two facilities.
Combination therapy of verinurad and febuxostat significantly lowers urinary albumin excretion and uric acid levels in people with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. The treatment is generally well-tolerated, with minimal adverse events reported.
Scientists have discovered a new RNA-centric mechanism that regulates the creation of a crucial cancer microRNA. The findings reveal that environmental stimuli can activate a 'hidden' layer of regulation, enhancing the efficiency of miR-21 processing and potentially leading to disease.
A new analysis revealed that New York City's COVID-19 outbreak began in late February with at least 109 different sources seeding chains of infection. The study found that over 40% of people who tested positive had no known contact with another infected person before contracting the virus.
The Gerontological Society of America has recognized 20 exceptional individuals through its prestigious awards program, honoring outstanding contributions to gerontology and aging research, education, and practice. The award recipients include researchers, educators, and practitioners who have made significant impacts in the field.
A new study found that Blacks and Hispanics experience higher rates of kidney failure compared to whites, driven by faster declines in kidney function after chronic kidney disease onset. This disparity can be addressed by slowing the progression of kidney disease in these populations.
A multidisciplinary team at Massachusetts General Hospital developed a novel treatment strategy for a young woman with an immune system defect. The treatment involved boosting her weakened neutrophils with growth factors, which restored their function and improved control of pathogens.
The National Institute on Aging has awarded up to $2 million to the American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) to continue its role as the Nathan Shock Centers Coordinating Center. The award will support AFAR's efforts to enhance visibility, facilitate collaboration, and improve training among aging research centers nationwide.
Higher serum creatinine-to-cystatin C ratios are associated with lower mortality rates in patients initiating continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury. This simple tool may improve mortality risk assessment in critically ill patients developing AKI.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine show that gene editing with CRISPR-Cas9 can restore function in an animal model of Angelman syndrome. The therapy was effective in restoring the UBE3A enzyme in human neurons and treating deficits in an animal model, offering a long-lasting treatment or cure for this debilitating disease.
A recent analysis reveals gaps in existing studies on preventing child violence, emphasizing the need for more quantitative and qualitative research. The study suggests expanding research to different regions and analyzing specific forms of violence.
The New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) has announced the 2020 class of NYSCF - Robertson Investigators, recognizing six outstanding stem cell researchers and neuroscientists. The program provides critical seed funding to support cutting-edge research with the potential to accelerate treatments and cures.
A new study found that older males who have recovered from severe COVID-19 are strong candidates for donating plasma to treat and prevent the disease. The study also suggests that sex, age, and severity of disease can be used to guide the selection of donors.
Patients with anorexia nervosa who received higher-calorie diets recovered faster and had shorter hospital stays compared to those on lower-calorie diets. The study found that patients in the higher-calorie group reached medical stability three days earlier and gained weight faster.
Researchers improved Uppstroms' performance by incorporating personal and population-level social determinants of health, leading to fewer false positives. The algorithm identifies patients at risk, allowing clinicians to offer referrals to specialized services before a crisis occurs.
Researchers from The University of Hong Kong studied fossil corals and created the first palaeoecological baseline for coral communities in the Greater Bay Area. They found a 40% decrease in coral species, particularly staghorn corals (Acropora), which now occupy only 50% of their historic range.
Researchers at UCI will examine molecular 4D nucleome changes in the human hippocampus during aging, with a focus on physical activity's effects. The team aims to produce multi-omics cell atlases to understand chromatin organization and function in brain aging.
Researchers found that direct measures of smell ability reveal a higher prevalence of COVID-19-related smell loss, estimated at 77%, compared to self-report methods, which underestimate the true prevalence. The study suggests that measuring people's sense of smell may become as routine as measuring body temperature for fever.
Researchers found a substantial increase in the percentage of adults with autism receiving Medicaid services from 2008-2012. The study showed higher prevalence among younger adults (18-24) and lower among older adults (41-64).
Researchers are using artificial intelligence to integrate and analyze genetic, imaging, and clinical data from over 60,000 Alzheimer's patients. This project aims to identify precise diagnostic biomarkers and drug targets for the disease, which affects nearly 50 million people worldwide.
A five-year study aims to explain the microbial, clinical, and antimicrobial resistance factors of three major multidrug-resistant pathogens. The research will utilize state-of-the-art analysis of genomes and microbiome analyses using stool samples and blood samples.
A new study shows that COVID-19 can cause neurological injuries in approximately one in seven infected patients. These injuries range from temporary confusion due to low oxygen levels to stroke and seizures in the most serious cases, significantly raising a patient's risk of dying while still in hospital.