The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot (GPPS) has discovered 201 pulsars using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), including many very faint and millisecond pulsars. The survey reveals more electrons in the Milky Way's spiral arms than previously known.
Research has found that strict lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic delayed normal cardiorespiratory development in adolescents. The study, which involved 89 children aged 12-14 from Spain, found lower levels of fitness and health based on age and sex.
Researchers at George Washington University found that extremist groups like Boogaloo and ISIS exhibit similar mathematical patterns in their online support, despite ideological differences. This knowledge can help social media platforms disrupt the growth of such groups.
Researchers analyzed genetic data from over 2,300 individuals with autism, identifying missense variants in 398 genes that may impact phenotypes. Patients with these variants tend to have lower IQ scores, shedding light on the complex relationship between mutations and autism severity.
Researchers discovered that phosphorylation of MECP2 protein decreases in brain cells as Alzheimer's disease progresses, while abolishing this phosphorylation enhances neuronal viability and gene expression. The study suggests that modifications of MECP2 could be a therapeutic target for developing specific therapies against AD.
A study published in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery found that total ankle replacement (TAA) provides better long-term function than ankle arthrodesis (AA) for patients with severe ankle arthritis. TAA resulted in improved patient-reported outcomes, including reduced pain and enhanced quality of life.
Researchers at the John Innes Centre identified a key gene controlling grain elongation and glume characteristics in Polish wheat, which could lead to improved productivity and sustainability in wheat production. The discovery highlights the importance of understanding genetic control of agronomic traits for major crops like wheat.
Researchers at University College London developed a robotic 'Third Thumb' that allows users to perform dextrous tasks with one hand. The study found that participants' brains adapted to the extra thumb, changing their natural hand movements and reporting it felt like part of their body.
A study of 43,000 reptile bone remains found that European colonization led to mass extinctions of 50-70% of snakes and lizards on the Guadeloupe Islands. The Indigenous populations had no impact on local reptile diversity.
The Canadian Syncope Risk Score is an accurate validated prediction score for emergency department patients with unexplained syncope. The study highlights the weaknesses of several risk tools previously published, and its impact on clinical decision making is not known.
The European Society of Endocrinology has confirmed the strong links between hormones and COVID-19, with evidence suggesting an 'endocrine phenotype' of the disease. Diabetes and obesity have emerged as comorbidities associated with severity and mortality of COVID-19.
Research finds herbivores weaken early emergers in California grass species, offsetting advantage of early germination. This discovery highlights the role of herbivory in shaping natural selection and evolutionary responses to global environmental changes.
The economic impact of Invasive Alien Species on Africa's agricultural sector is estimated to be $3.6 trillion a year, with cassava and citrus fruits being among the most affected crops. The study highlights the need for measures to prevent new species from arriving and established species from spreading.
Researchers found that a Western diet high in fat and sugar impairs intestinal immune cell function in mice, leading to increased gut permeability and chronic inflammation. Switching to a standard diet reverses the impairment.
Researchers have created human cells containing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) that can report on the innate immune response to viral infections. This new tool enables convenient investigation of the human innate immune response to coronaviruses and other viruses.
Researchers at IST Austria discovered that key synapses in the hippocampus can send information in both directions, influencing pre-synaptic plasticity. The mossy fiber synapse adapts to the post-synaptic neuron's activity status, improving information storage in downstream networks.
Researchers found altered connectivity in brain networks associated with goal-directed behaviour and increased executive network activity in women at risk of postpartum psychosis. This could offer a vital marker for resilience to relapse, enabling earlier intervention.
Researchers found that a virtual Summer Success at Home program was feasible, popular with teachers and parents, and had modest success in helping children learn literacy skills, early math skills, and emotion understanding. The study suggests virtual interventions may be successful in promoting kindergarten readiness skills.
Researchers found unique fingerprints of hypoplasia and agenesis in corpus callosum dysgenesis, using distinct plastic mechanisms to compensate for partial or complete lack of the corpus callosum. This discovery sheds light on brain plasticity and its relation to symptoms in patients with this condition.
A large survey of women in California found significant racial and ethnic differences in personal care product use, with Black women more heavily exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The study aims to fill the gap in data on products used by women of color and informs guidance for self-protection and policy development.
The Cool AMI EU pivotal trial evaluated the safety and effectiveness of systemic mild hypothermia as an adjunctive therapy to primary PCI in patients with anterior STEMI. The trial showed significant differences between treatment groups, including longer randomization-to-balloon time and total ischemic time.
The USPSTF has recommended lowering the age for colorectal cancer screening to 45 years of age, aligning with the American Cancer Society's 2018 guideline. This change aims to catch more early deaths and preventions due to increasing cases in younger individuals. Further research is needed to identify underlying causes and risk factors.
The CASTLE study investigated the role of imaging-guided percutaneous cardiac intervention (PCI) in clinical outcomes difference between ultra-thin strut biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (Orsiro) and durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents (Xience). The results show no significant differences in target lesion failure rat...
The discovery of plutonium-244 and iron-60 in ocean crust suggests violent cosmic events occurred near Earth millions of years ago. The study's findings imply that supernovae can produce these heavy elements, complicating our understanding of their origins.
A new study assesses the complex role of peatlands in wildfires and finds that their smouldering potential is often underestimated. The researchers warn that peat fires can be devastating and have significant feedback with climate change.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology reports findings on Huntsman at Home, a cancer hospital-at-home model that demonstrates lower costs and better outcomes for patients. The study found that participants had 55% fewer hospitalizations and 47% lower healthcare costs compared to those who did not participate.
A recent study found that mindfulness-based meditation programs have similar rates of adverse effects to other psychological treatments, and identified key obstacles to harms monitoring. The study provides a blueprint for accurately assessing the risks of these programs and maximizing their efficacy while minimizing harm.
The Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation and The Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration recommend adopting best practices in designing exploratory trials, including rigorous statistical analyses and biomarker selection. These recommendations aim to reduce costs and improve patient engagement in clinical trials.
A recent study analyzed the association of county-level telemedicine use with community factors among people with commercial or Medicare Advantage insurance. The researchers found geographic variation in telemedicine use, which was attributed to local healthcare infrastructure and population demographics.
A new study characterized heart disease and cerebrovascular deaths by race and ethnicity during the US COVID-19 pandemic, revealing that Black, Hispanic and Asian populations experienced significantly higher relative increases in heart disease deaths, with a 19% rise compared to non-Hispanic whites. The study suggests that disruptions ...
A team of researchers developed a method to detect simultaneous sensor and actuator faults in wind turbines, eliminating the need for redundant hardware components. The approach uses a state observer model to identify discrepancies between the original system and its duplicate, enabling real-time fault detection and correction.
Researchers at Iowa State University are developing new models to predict soil erosion and topography changes in Iowa. The models use big-data technology and validate soil measurements from real-world LiDAR data, enabling more accurate predictions of environmental conditions.
A new framework combines renewable energy with flexible carbon capture, improving efficiency and reducing costs. The system utilizes dynamic operational schedules to manage complex decisions, providing an effective decarbonization mechanism for the current fossil-dominated energy landscape.
Researchers found that hygiene measures such as heat, soap, and alcohol treatment can effectively eliminate new coronavirus variants. The variants have similar surface stability to the wild type virus but can be rendered harmless by these methods.
Researchers found higher rates of testing and positivity in areas associated with food insecurity, which could obscure prevalence estimates. The study used Census-level data to compare testing and positivity rates with demographic data, highlighting disparities among Black residents.
Researchers identified specific influenza targets to protect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from severe disease through a universal T cell-based vaccine. The study aims to harness immune responses to protect high-risk populations, including those with high HLA-A*24:02 protein prevalence.
A study found that people who have had dengue are twice as likely to develop symptoms of COVID-19. The research analyzed blood samples from a town in the Brazilian Amazon before and after the pandemic, revealing an increased risk among populations most exposed to dengue.
Researchers used directed evolution and mathematical modeling to test the Oxygen Control Hypothesis, finding that oxygen levels strongly constrain the evolution of macroscopic multicellularity. This contradicts previous theories suggesting oxygen should promote larger organisms.
A team of four scientists from Hokkaido University developed a rapid and efficient protocol for cross-coupling reactions using ball milling, expanding the pool of chemicals usable in organic synthesis. They successfully applied this method to mostly-insoluble aryl halides, yielding desired products.
Researchers at Cornell University are using artificial intelligence to discover new materials that could help achieve emissions-free driving. The four-year project combines data-driven deep learning with knowledge-driven reasoning and optimization techniques to accelerate the discovery of new clean energy materials.
Researchers found that locally adapted cultivars can increase crop yields by up to 20% even under moderate warming, and that strong warming threatens adaptation. Innovative breeding methods like CRISPR-Cas may help develop required cultivars quickly and targetedly.
Mangroves with interconnected root networks exhibit larger size and increased connectivity under drought stress. The number of networks increases with soil salinity levels, suggesting a survival strategy for the group.
A new meta-analysis of 19,806 patients with chronic coronary syndromes found a statistically significant 21% relative risk reduction in cardiac death with revascularization plus medical therapy. The study also showed a parallel significant reduction in spontaneous myocardial infarction, but no difference in all-cause death.
Researchers at University of Illinois developed a rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate COVID-19 test using saliva samples that can detect as little as one viral particle. The device, called Scalable and Portable Testing (SPOT), is estimated to cost less than $78 and can be operated by anyone with minimal training.
A new study reveals that counselling sessions in primary school have a lasting positive impact on children's mental health. The research, published in European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, found that children who received one-to-one counselling showed considerably better mental health than those who did not.
Pinterest users are more likely to like and pin healthy recipes, featuring poultry, fish, and vegetables, but they're more engaged with unhealthy recipes high in fat, sugar, and calories. This discrepancy suggests that users are influenced by social norms and celebrity influencers promoting healthier eating habits.
A sensor system developed by PNNL can prevent buildup of flammable gases in outdoor battery enclosures, reducing the risk of explosion. The technology, IntelliVent, responds to smoke, heat, or gas alarms and automatically opens cabinet doors.
Researchers at Monash University have engineered a new antimicrobial surface that significantly reduces bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on medical instruments, including urinary catheters. The surface, with smooth 3D micro features, effectively combats the three most common UTI-causing bacteria.
Researchers sequenced the genomes of three socially parasitic ant species, finding evidence of widespread genomic rearrangements and gene losses. The study sheds light on the evolutionary consequences of transitioning from social to parasitic behavior, with significant impacts on sensory capabilities and behavioral repertoire.
The discovery of five novel listeria species will help identify potential growth niches in agricultural soil and improve food safety by expanding the knowledge base on listeria diversity. This increased understanding will prevent contamination, false positives, and foodborne outbreaks.
A randomized trial demonstrates that TAVI with a self-expanding supraannular bioprosthesis is comparable to surgical aortic valve replacement in terms of mortality and stroke risk at 24 months. Additionally, the study reveals that TAVI is superior to surgery in terms of valve hemodynamics but not in pacemaker implantation rates.
Researchers at Shinshu University developed a new purification protocol for Postsynaptic density (PSD) lattice, a core structure of the PSD of excitatory synapses. They identified tubulin as a major component of the MEC, with non-microtubule tubulin widely distributed on the purified PSD lattice.
A SMU professor is receiving a $215,000 grant from NASA to analyze data on Active Galactic Nuclei using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. The two-year project aims to shed light on black hole behavior and processes that emit powerful jets into host galaxies.
A study by University of Pennsylvania neuroscientist Joseph Kable reveals the default mode network splits into two sub-networks: one for constructing and predicting imagined events, and another for evaluating their positivity or negativity. This finding sheds light on the neural basis of imaginative abilities.
A study published in PLOS One found that an ancient Australian Aboriginal memory technique significantly improved retention of facts among medical students compared to the 'memory palace' method. The Aboriginal technique, which used narrative and locations to facilitate recall, was also found to be more enjoyable for students.
Researchers developed a microparticle-based cancer vaccine that kickstarts an immune response, increasing the proportion of mice cured of tumors to 75%. Combining the vaccine with immune checkpoint inhibitors greatly improves treatment success, offering a promising approach to improving cancer treatment.
A study by ICTA-UAB finds that combining white roofs with green areas can reduce temperature during heat waves, with an average reduction of 1.26°C. This combination has the greatest impact on energy consumption, reducing spending on air conditioning by 26%.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine found that people with venom allergies are nearly 10 times more likely to suffer from mastocytosis, a bone marrow disorder. The study analyzed 27 million US patients and revealed the condition in over 0.1% of venom allergy patients.
A survey study of 25,305 adolescents from eight countries found that experiencing one's own competence and feeling connected to others were linked to positive emotion, self-motivation to learn, and pro-learning behaviors. The findings support self-determination theory and inform the design of distance education programs.
Scientists at DGIST have discovered a novel way to control the alignment of magnetic atoms within antiferromagnetic materials using mechanical vibration and a magnetic field. This process replaces traditional heating and cooling methods, enabling more precise control over magnetic spins in spintronics devices.