Researchers analyzed pollen trapped in Roman shipwreck coatings to identify plant taxa present during construction and repairs. The study found evidence of four to five distinct batches of coatings, suggesting the ship was patched up successively at different locations throughout the Adriatic Sea.
A large clinical trial involving thousands of patients across the US and abroad found that balanced crystalloid fluid resuscitation was as effective as saline solution in preventing major adverse kidney events after pediatric sepsis treatment. The study also revealed biochemical differences between the two fluids, including elevated bl...
A new study uses unprecedented simulations to reveal how ultra-faint dwarf galaxies reflect the conditions of the early Universe. These tiny satellite galaxies can provide clues about the properties of dark matter and help test early-Universe physics with upcoming observations.
A new study found that children with three or more complex chronic conditions had the highest annual prescription rates and frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. This highlights the need for targeted antibiotic stewardship efforts in this vulnerable population.
Researchers developed a novel design paradigm for vectorial microlasers with designable topological charges using quasi-BIC Möbius-like correspondence in photonic-crystal slabs. This approach allows for programmable structured-light sources for integrated photonic circuits and multi-dimensional optical information encoding.
The MAMBO project developed innovative technologies to monitor biodiversity, including autonomous insect traps, camera traps, sound recognition models, and image analysis tools. These tools enable standardized data collection across multiple species groups, transforming how biodiversity is assessed in Europe.
Researchers at HKUST developed a crystal-solvate seeding strategy to reconstruct buried interfaces in perovskite solar cells, achieving higher efficiency and operational stability. The approach eliminated interfacial voids and introduced stable passivation phases, enabling scalable manufacturing.
The LHAASO discovery reveals an astonishingly efficient particle accelerator powered by PSR J1849-0001, exceeding theoretical limits and challenging current theories of particle acceleration. The system's gamma-ray luminosity is several times higher than that of the Crab Nebula.
The fossil discovery of a giant ichthyosaur with injuries in Northern Bavaria has provided new insights into the species' anatomy and behavior. The animal's modified skeleton, likely caused by injuries, suggests that it may have had to change its diet to survive.
Researchers found that a spherical-shell dynamo can exist in two stable equilibrium states, with tiny initial fluctuations determining the polarity. The study suggests that breaking this stable state is necessary to trigger magnetic reversals, possibly through mechanisms outside magnetohydrodynamic theory.
A new study by UNSW researchers shows how a neural network can detect blue whale songs with remarkable accuracy, using only one recording of a blue whale call. The model performed well on real-world recordings, even those that were not part of the training data.
Researchers have uncovered a new pathway to directly regulate glycogen levels in the body, offering potential therapeutic avenues for conditions like diabetes and heart disease. By studying ubiquitin's role in sugar storage, scientists have identified a new layer to a well-understood biochemical process.
Researchers at Tohoku University discovered a hidden mechanism in DNA damage caused by singlet oxygen generating abasic sites. This process is common and represents one of the main forms of DNA damage, alongside guanine-related types.
Researchers develop a novel surface polarization strategy that pushes device efficiency beyond 26% while dramatically enhancing operational stability. This approach utilizes intrinsic surface defects as anchoring sites for dipolar molecules, transforming flaws into functional advantages for interfacial engineering.
Researchers are developing a new wearable technology to monitor babies' movements and detect early signs of autism. The study aims to improve early identification and intervention, which is crucial for optimal developmental outcomes in autistic individuals.
A new study found that Washington's hepatitis C elimination initiative increased testing and treatment access, leading to reduced total care costs. Per-patient costs declined by over 45% as more people received treatment, suggesting a cost-effective approach to screening and treatment of healthy individuals.
A study published in Biophotonics Discovery uses spectral-focusing coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy to image human white matter microstructure. The method enables automated measurement of axon size and myelin thickness, revealing new insights into brain connectivity and behavior.
A new study from Tulane University found that extra sets of chromosomes in tumor cells make them more mobile and likely to engulf neighboring cells. This stress response triggers an abundance of proteins, reprogramming the cells for motility and phagocytosis.
A new species of hamster-sized mammal, Cimolodon desosai, has been discovered in the Upper Cretaceous El Gallo Formation of Baja California. The fossil, estimated to be 75 million years old, was found alongside dinosaur fossils and provides insights into the survival strategies of early mammals.
A new AI-based approach developed by UC Riverside professor Demetrius Lewis helps correct the misclassification of creative works due to shifting genres. The tool provides a more accurate representation of how a work was originally intended and received, reducing the risk of undervaluation for boundary-pushing projects.
Researchers developed a microfluidic platform that squeezes individual breast epithelial cells to measure their mechanical age, revealing an unexpected insight: older cells are stiffer and at higher risk of cancer. The AI-powered platform provides a non-genetic test for women with unknown genetic risks.
The European Society of Endocrinology organizes World Hormone Day to educate the public about hormone-related health issues. Global endocrine disorders affect millions worldwide, emphasizing the need for proper hormone balance.
A new study shows that while dental opioid prescription fills in the US have dropped by 27% since 2021, the rate remains higher than in other developed countries and the US territory of Puerto Rico. The study suggests that some US dentists are still overprescribing opioids.
Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, tiny satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, can reflect conditions of the early universe, shedding light on galaxy formation and dark matter. Simulations suggest these small galaxies are sensitive to early radiation environment and can probe the universe's earliest climate.
Women diagnosed with cancer in pregnancy face significant emotional and financial challenges, including maternal guilt, exhaustion, and financial strain. Researchers emphasize the need for psychological support during treatment and post-treatment to mitigate long-term psychological impacts.
A major clinical trial found that real-time continuous glucose monitoring significantly improves blood glucose management in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin. Participants using CGM showed greater reductions in HbA1c levels compared to traditional finger prick glucose monitoring.
A new ultra-thin optical film improves the quality of light used in LCD resin-based 3D printers, ensuring precise details and reducing printing errors. The film's design enhances collimation and uniformity, paving the way for affordable industrial or medical-grade products.
Researchers use tree rings and satellites to date changes beavers make to the tundra landscape as they spread northwards. The study provides evidence of beaver colonization in the region starting in 2008, with satellite analysis revealing a significant expansion of surface water between 2015 and 2019.
A study from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln found that interspersing realistic portrayals of motherhood alongside idealized posts can help sustain positive feelings and reduce shame among mothers. This balanced approach may mitigate some social media harms, particularly for those prone to social comparison.
A new composite scoring system, HOST-Factor, quantifies the functional state of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of pulsed low-dose-rate chemoradiation in shifting the tumor microenvironment from a tumor-promoting to a tumor-restricting state.
Researchers found that antibiotics disrupt gut microbiota, suppressing protective immune system pathways and increasing severity of A. baumannii pneumonia. The study highlights the gut-lung connection as a potential therapeutic target for hospital-acquired lung infections.
A study led by UC Irvine researchers found that dopamine dysfunction in the entorhinal cortex contributes directly to impaired memory formation in Alzheimer's disease. Restoring dopamine levels using optogenetic techniques and Levodopa restored memory function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
A study of over 2,100 Australian adults found that a daily increase in ultra-processed foods can significantly impact attention span and cognitive function. Even among those who consume a healthy Mediterranean diet, the degree of food processing plays a critical role in damaging brain health.
New research reveals that the organization of electrons within a material determines its response to light. The study shows that moiré superlattices can be engineered to exhibit unusual properties by controlling electron arrangement.
A new report by Change Chemistry and UMass Lowell identifies the need for targeted government incentives to help businesses transition to more sustainable chemicals. The report details how carefully designed incentives can reduce risk, accelerate commercialization, and drive real market adoption.
A phase 1 clinical trial has started enrolling patients with symptoms of prion disease, evaluating the safety and tolerability of a small interfering RNA targeting the prion protein. The trial aims to slow disease progression and is supported by NeuroNEXT, a program of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
A new mathematical model called LFSPRO was developed to predict the risk of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. The model provides a more quantitative risk estimate for individuals who would benefit from testing but do not meet established criteria.
A new study by Femida Handy and Sara Konrath found that voting is associated with reduced mortality risk in older adults for up to 15 years. Voting predicts a lower risk of mortality, even when the candidate loses, suggesting that voting itself is more important than who was voted for.
A study published in PLOS Medicine has identified two new genetic pathways contributing to cardiometabolic disease, including heart disease and obesity. The research analyzed lipid metabolites and their link to disease, suggesting that targeting specific metabolic pathways could prevent or lower the risk of disease.
The new consensus statement provides updated guidance on CIED lead management, including extraction and management of traditional devices and newer technologies. The recommendations aim to reduce clinical challenges and morbidity within a rapidly evolving technological landscape, ensuring better quality of life for patients.
Researchers developed a two-step treatment using growth factors FGF2 and BMP2 to redirect fibroblast cells towards regeneration. The study suggests that regeneration may not be lost in humans but rather obscured by the healing process.
Researchers at McGill University have discovered that brief cold plasma treatment can significantly reduce the potential of peanuts to cause allergic reactions. The process alters protein structure and improves functional properties, enabling hypoallergenic peanut protein powder development for new products.
A recent study found that genetic variations in the vitamin D receptor polymorphisms can affect the protective benefits of vitamin D supplementation on diabetes risk. Individuals with certain genotypes showed a reduced risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes, while others received no benefit from vitamin D treatment.
Research from Lund University reveals that stiffer tumor tissue triggers a chain of molecular events driving cancer cells to invade surrounding tissue. The studies identified key proteins and pathways involved in this process, offering new insights into the mechanical properties of tumor microenvironments.
MIT researchers have developed an ultra-efficient microchip that can bring post-quantum cryptography techniques to wireless biomedical devices. The chip includes built-in protections against physical hacking attempts and is more than an order of magnitude more energy-efficient than prior designs.
The STEMI-DTU trial analyzed secondary endpoints, finding that major bleeding and vascular complications were associated with increased mortality in the control group. The study provided insight into the importance of technique and bleeding complications in heart attack treatments.
Researchers aim to determine the connection between circulating lipoprotein (a) and calcific aortic valve disease, with a focus on biomechanics and early detection. They will also explore how mechanical forces influence disease progression and treatment.
Researchers developed an AI-powered methodology to identify and count target viruses more efficiently than previous techniques. The new approach uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and machine learning to separate signals from noise, enabling quick and accurate readings across a wide range of titers.
Researchers found that people follow a two-stage process, sampling behaviors at first and committing once enough evidence accumulates. The Tolerance Principle predicts when people have seen enough regularity to treat a pattern as a rule despite some exceptions.
A new study analyzing Mount Everest expeditions spanning more than a century has found that death rates among climbers have declined significantly in recent decades. The research highlights improvements in safety measures such as fixed ropes, better weather forecasting, and increased oversight among climbing teams.
The study found that invasive reed facilitates the development of mosquito larvae, leading to increased adult populations. Removing invasive reed and restoring native vegetation can help mitigate this impact.
A study coordinated by the University of Trento has identified a gene therapy for individuals with cystic fibrosis caused by a specific mutation, offering new hope for those currently dependent on drugs. The therapy uses advanced gene editing technology to correct the DNA mutation responsible for the disease.
Researchers found memory cells in nasal tissue can reactivate to fight influenza, reducing viral replication and protection against more severe illness. These immune cells can be used to develop better nasal vaccines.
A new analysis by researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center demonstrates that combination therapy consisting of fludarabine, cytarabine and G-CSF (FLAG) plus gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) or idarubicin (IDA) delivers strong long-term outcomes for patients with CBF-AML. The five-year overall survival rate reached 74%...
Researchers found that even in degraded forests, tree species can regenerate quickly, but vulnerable species are replaced by more resilient generalists, leading to a loss of diversity. The recovered areas are vulnerable to extreme events and climate change impacts, highlighting the need for forest conservation strategies.
Researchers estimate sepsis occurs in 1.3% of pediatric hospitalizations, resulting in a 10% mortality rate, and urges the need for immediate recognition and treatment. The study's findings highlight the importance of awareness among families to improve child survival rates.
A study has identified novel risk factors and therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease, offering hope for future treatments. The researchers used a combination of computational and experimental approaches to distinguish between gene function changes that promote or protect against the disease.
Researchers from Duke University analyzed data from over 50,000 Fitbit users across four states and found that daylight saving time does not affect overall daily step counts. However, they did notice a shift in steps taken between morning and evening, likely due to adjustments made to match the new daylight availability.
The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) has selected 24 members for their outstanding commitment to advancing high-quality, person-centered care for older adults. These individuals have made meaningful contributions to the field of geriatrics through scholarship, advocacy, and clinical excellence.
A new study from Rice University transforms lunar regolith simulant into a valuable building resource, strengthening advanced composite materials by up to 30-40%. The innovative approach reduces dependence on Earth-supplied materials, increasing the feasibility of longer missions and infrastructure development.