Researchers have developed a framework called CHEEM that allows AI models to learn new tasks without losing performance on existing tasks. The framework improves adaptive intelligence by tailoring computational structure depending on task complexity.
Researchers observed a whale skeleton over 15 years and found that it supported a sulphophilic community on the seafloor. This community persisted for more than 20 years, demonstrating the long-term importance of whalefalls in deep-sea ecosystems.
Researchers in Brazil's Cerrado biome found that reducing stream sampling from 11 to 6 transects maintained reliable classification of streams as least-disturbed, moderately disturbed, or severely disturbed. The study suggests a streamlined approach can reduce field time and processing costs while preserving ecological indicators.
A new study describes an integrated solar reactor that uses engineered E. coli to grow biomass in a single beaker, combining sunlight, water, and CO2. This technology holds promise for producing environmentally clean chemicals and materials, as well as microbial protein.
Researchers studied deformed δ-AlOOH and H minerals under high pressure and temperature. These findings suggest hydrous minerals contribute significantly to seismic anisotropy near flattened slab tops.
Heriot-Watt University is collaborating with Falkirk FC on a £200k Knowledge Transfer Partnership to enhance the club's financial sustainability and ownership structure. The project will leverage academic expertise in data analysis, digital engagement, and supporter research to drive growth and long-term success.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have discovered that sensory nerve signals interfere with the immune system's response to lung cancer. They found that exposure to cigarette smoke further exploits this neuroimmune interaction, accelerating tumour growth in mice.
Researchers develop a powerful, compact solution for all-optical image processing using meta-operators that perform complex tasks like edge detection and 3D hologram reconstruction. The platform enables real-time computation without digital post-processing.
LGBTQ+ youth are at greater risk of vaping due to social and community factors like stigma, bullying, and rejection. These factors contribute to negative coping behaviors like vaping, which can damage cardiovascular and respiratory health.
Researchers develop an AI framework to accurately predict RNA splicing and isoform usage, addressing the need for better management strategies in patients with Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. The study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary coordination and prompt decision-making in this high-risk population.
Researchers develop a novel adhesive based on liquid-like chalcogenide glass, enabling seamless bonding of high-index optical components and improving transmission and power delivery. The new material achieves significant enhancements in laser power delivery and durability under high-power conditions.
A new study found that switching to a nicotine e-cigarette reduces toxicant exposure and improves quitting rates, with the nicotine group having a higher chance of quitting entirely. The study's results suggest that nicotine e-cigarettes could serve as an effective off-ramp for smokers seeking to reduce their tobacco use.
Researchers discovered a flexible survival strategy among beneficial gut bacteria, allowing them to switch between functional states to withstand changes. This reversible mechanism, known as 'bet-hedging,' may help explain microbiome resilience and variability.
A study derived 'achievable benchmarks of care' (ABCs) using electronic health record data to set realistic performance goals for pediatric emergency departments. The new benchmarks highlight gaps between typical and top-performing clinician performance, particularly in domains such as pain reduction and asthma management.
A study by National Taipei University of Technology found that offshore floating solar systems can generate up to 12% more electricity than traditional land-based systems. This increased energy output leads to greater carbon emission reductions due to the cooling effect of surrounding water, which absorbs heat and improves efficiency.
The report argues that the transition must be treated as a multi-decade system transformation, with increasing economic compellingness and shifting energy security agendas. Decarbonisation will continue driven by economics, security, technology learning curves, and system resilience.
Researchers identified a subgroup of patients who experience nearly twice the improvement in sleep apnea when treated with tirzepatide GLP-1. These strong responders have distinct characteristics, including severe upper-airway collapsibility and breathing control instability. The study aims to provide personalized treatment options for...
A cohort study found that participants with unfavorable long-term memory trajectories were less active and more sedentary, suggesting a link between cognitive change and later-life movement patterns. The study's results have implications for understanding the relationship between aging, cognition, and physical activity.
Researchers discovered proteins from Pseudomonas syringae bacteria can bind to artificial surfaces, leading to ice formation at higher-than-normal temperatures. This breakthrough enables the development of new applications like deicing, artificial snow, and cryo-medicine.
A precision experiment using XENONnT has placed the strongest constraints yet on collapse theories, which propose wavefunction collapse is a real physical process. The analysis found no excess radiation from these models, significantly narrowing the range of viable parameters.
A recent study by University of California - Davis researchers has identified a protein called DAXX that guides the packing and folding of DNA in sperm cells. This discovery could improve treatments for couples struggling with male infertility, as well as help understand how environmental factors impact offspring health.
Researchers have developed a new synthesis method that enables precise control over chemical reactions at previously inaccessible sites on molecules. This breakthrough enables targeted modifications to carbon-hydrogen bonds, playing a key role in developing new drugs, functional materials, and more efficient chemical processes.
Researchers developed a novel bioinspired nanocomposite for targeted immunoengineering and improved tendon regeneration. The KGN@PB@CM nanoparticles effectively modulated macrophage polarization, reduced inflammation, and promoted tenocyte differentiation, leading to enhanced tissue repair.
Researchers developed nanomotors cloaked in breast cancer cell membrane that utilize NIR light to target and kill cancer cells. The nanomotors release chemically generated reactive nitrogen species, leading to synergistic tumor treatment.
Researchers found that farmers and conservation groups share priorities on future uncertainty, collaboration, ecosystem-based approach, and creative management options. The study aims to improve dialogue and support effective management in the Klamath Basin and inform future river restoration efforts.
Researchers developed an AI-driven framework, HELIX, to predict RNA splicing and isoform usage with high accuracy. The framework integrates genomic sequence features with tissue-specific RBP expression profiles and outperforms existing methods in predicting splicing strength and isoform usage.
Dr. John L. R. Rubenstein has been recognized for his groundbreaking work on mammalian forebrain development, a structure critical to functions like cognition and perception. His research revealed the discovery of transcription factors directing excitatory and inhibitory neuron development in the developing forebrain.
Researchers found that combining ketamine with low-dose buprenorphine treatment can prolong its antisuicidal effects for at least a month. Patients who received this combination treatment showed greater and longer-lasting reductions in suicidality compared to those given a placebo.
This study investigates the effects of different spinal cord stimulation frequencies on brain networks in disorders of consciousness. It found that 5 Hz and 70 Hz triggered distinct network responses, with 5 Hz promoting rapid electrophysiological integration and 70 Hz favoring delayed hemodynamic and long-range network modulation.
A new study published at the ATS International Conference reveals that patients with COPD or pneumonia experience poorer outcomes at private equity-owned hospitals. Hospital-acquired deaths among pneumonia patients increased by 1 percentage point compared to non-private equity hospitals.
A USC-led study analyzed insurance claims data from 940 patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer to compare the effectiveness of five tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The results showed alectinib and lorlatinib as promising treatments, offering longer survival times and better treatment duration compared to other options.
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has expanded its ISO 14001:2015 environmental management certification to include multiple research areas. The internationally recognized standard supports proactive systems to reduce emissions and protect the environment, giving clients peace of mind about SwRI's commitment to stewardship.
A new framework models tumor, stroma, and immune-related compartments separately to predict treatment response in HER2+ breast cancer. The stromal compartment achieved the best performance, outperforming other methods.
The study found that methylene blue significantly enhanced stem cell proliferation and viability while reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species. MB also increased activation of β-catenin signaling, a central pathway involved in hair follicle regeneration, stem cell maintenance, and wound repair.
A new study proposes a comprehensive framework identifying distinct biophysical stewardship practices across three ecological levels. The authors argue that underrepresentation of Indigenous knowledge in conservation research and policy is detrimental to effective governance, and their framework aims to address this imbalance.
Mount Sinai physicians will offer expert guidance and resources to keep pickleball players safe and healthy at more locations than ever before. The partnership aims to promote physical and mental well-being, as well as boost longevity through pickleball.
Code reuse attacks exploit existing program components to inject malicious code, but PLaTypus restricts arbitrary transitions between libraries to prevent such attacks. This approach reduces the number of indirectly accessible functions by over 98% and causes less than 0.5% additional runtime overhead.
A study of 66 million GPS records reveals that racial minorities face longer travel distances to job sites, healthcare facilities, parks, and schools. The findings highlight the need for transit networks to prioritize social inclusiveness in future planning.
The ocean warming is causing a rapid shift from kelp forests to turf algae along the Maine coast, with increases in turf algae coverage up to 40% per year. The study reveals that these turf carpets are composed of diverse species, including invasive ones, and have distinct physiological characteristics.
A new study found that individuals in Los Angeles County are more likely to visit pharmacies in low-income areas, despite having one nearby, highlighting the role of sociodemographic factors in healthcare access. The research suggests that geographic access is necessary but not sufficient for healthcare needs.
Researchers propose a method to measure urban vibrancy by analyzing biodiversity and activity categories. The framework applies ecological concepts to urban planning, highlighting the importance of balancing activities in neighborhoods.
Recent advancements in animal models, organoid models, and bioengineered organoids have provided new tools for studying primary sclerosing cholangitis. These models replicate the effects of bile retention and inflammation, enabling studies of disease mechanisms, drug screening, and preclinical evaluation.
A systematic review of AI models for meningioma segmentation reveals that better model architecture is the key driver of improved performance. The top models achieved high accuracy and efficiency, while future research focuses on making them more generalizable and efficient for real-world clinical settings.
A new model combines text mining and machine learning to extract service-specific aspects and customer actions from online reviews. The model effectively identifies core technical issues and user love for a platform, enabling targeted decisions for improvement. Researchers validated the model using 231,705 online reviews of Roblox.
Researchers are analyzing paired original and recurrent breast cancer tumors to identify biological factors driving recurrences years after treatment. The TAILORx and RxPONDER trials have provided a large dataset of clinically annotated tumor samples, enabling the study of late recurrence and potential prevention strategies.
Researchers at Umeå University have developed new compounds that disrupt bacterial cell membranes and kill dormant cells, offering a promising alternative to existing antibiotics. The discovery is particularly effective against persister cells, which can survive antibiotic treatment and cause relapse of infections.
Researchers found that a common asthma drug can help fight aggressive cancers by blocking the CysLTR1 molecule. The study used mouse models and human tissue samples to demonstrate its potential in treating triple-negative breast cancer and other tough tumors.
A new study published in Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology found that a smart-technology wearable wristband can automatically detect cardiac arrest with 92% accuracy. The device uses photoplethysmography algorithm to measure changes in blood flow, allowing continuous and unobtrusive monitoring in daily life.
Tidal wetlands are critical ecosystems that support biodiversity and protect against flooding, but their loss is accelerating due to human development and climate change. A new study using satellite data shows that extreme weather events are driving this acceleration, with tidal wetland areas shrinking by 7.5% in the US since 1985.
Bats use ultrasonic voices to perceive their surroundings with remarkable precision, actively manipulating sounds to enhance important signals. By controlling echolocation calls, they create a 'silent frequency zone' that improves hunting success in noisy environments.
Researchers at NYCU found that early brain activity contributes to the maturation of communication circuits, regulating Foxp2 expression. The study identifies a previously underappreciated circuit linking the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and striatum, which is active before vocalizations.
Seabirds are retreating into smaller areas of ocean and travelling further to find new places to live due to rapid climate warming. Scientists found that when temperatures rose quickly, seabirds did not shrink in size, but instead reduced their territories and traveled greater distances.
Researchers at VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology identified a previously unknown fibrous network, 'sporesilk', a natural nanofiber net with remarkable properties. This molecular net clusters spores and toxin crystals into compact 'infection units', increasing insect-killing efficiency.
A new spider species, Theridion himalayana, has been discovered in the Indian Himalayas with 32 different color variations, or 'morphs', found across three locations. DNA analysis revealed a genetic variation of approximately 8.5% from its Hawaiian happy-face spider cousin.
A study of 43,000 Swedish politicians found that women are more likely to refrain from public statements due to fear of threats or harassment, especially on migration and gender equality. Politicians with an immigrant background also avoid making public statements, suggesting a need for increased voices and perspectives in policy debates.
Researchers mapped HuD-bound mRNAs across embryonic and adult mouse brains, finding shared biological pathways. The study suggests that adult neurons use an embryonic
Research finds that feeding on non-native plants during larval stage influences adult wing coloration and reproductive behavior in Fischer's Blue butterflies. Native plant hosts appear more yellowish and have lower ultraviolet reflectance, attracting more mates.
A study of 551,706 pregnancies in Ontario found that 8% were not screened for syphilis at all, while 79% were screened in the first trimester. The authors suggest that relying solely on traditional prenatal care models may not be sufficient to reach populations facing barriers to accessing care.
Researchers can now estimate genetic diversity of dolphins using environmental DNA (eDNA) from seawater samples, providing insights into population size and vulnerability to environmental changes. The study's findings suggest that repeated eDNA sampling can be used to monitor the health of dolphin populations.
Climate change is driving disease emergence in Canada by affecting survival and geographic distributions of pathogens, vectors, and animal reservoir hosts. Physicians should be aware of climate-sensitive diseases and advise patients to take precautions.