A multi-center study found significant survival gains in patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcoma of the trunk or extremities treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with an anthracycline plus ifosfamide. The regimen showed a 20% improvement in prognosis for these patients compared to those receiving histology-driven regimens.
The OAK study found a 27% improvement in overall survival for patients treated with atezolizumab compared to docetaxel, regardless of PD-L1 expression levels. This benefit was seen across different tumor histologies and even among patients with no PD-L1 expression.
Researchers found IDH gene mutations to be independently prognostic of overall and progression-free survival in grade II and III gliomas. CIC mutations also showed promise as prognostic markers, although more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
A new study by University of Toronto researchers found that increased Gαq/11 signaling inhibits the anabolic response to PTH and exercise in mice. This suggests that suppressing Gαq/11 signaling could be a promising target for treating bone loss.
Researchers have discovered a combination of cells and genes that can repair damaged heart tissues in animal models of myocardial infarction. The study found that different biological treatments target various aspects of cardiac function and scarring, with some showing significant improvements in contractile function and angiogenesis.
A newly discovered Chinese fossil, Meemannia, is the oldest known actinopterygian, providing new evidence for the origin of ray-finned fishes. The study reveals that early bony fish had 'cosmine'-like tissues, previously thought to unite lobe-fins and ray-fins, and confirms Meemannia as an early-diverging ray-finned fish.
Analysis of a new fossil suggests that giant dinosaurs like Rapetosaurus krausei were born with adult-like body proportions, allowing for early independence. This finding implies that parental care was less crucial for these species compared to others.
A new study published at The International Liver Congress 2016 found that the diabetes drug sitagliptin was no more effective than placebo in reducing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, researchers demonstrated that non-invasive imaging techniques based on MRI were useful for measuring changes in liver fat and fibrosis.
Patients with grade 2 glioma who received combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy experienced longer progression-free survival and overall survival compared to those who received radiation therapy alone. The study's findings suggest that initial therapy of RT followed by PCV is necessary to achieve longer survival.
Kitt Shaffer, MD, PhD, received the 2016 Alliance of Medical Students Educators in Radiology (AMSER) Excellence in Education Award. She has made significant contributions to medical student radiology education through her work on curriculum development and faculty mentorship.
The American Association of Anatomists has awarded the Henry Gray Distinguished Educator Award to Robert W. Ogilvie for his work in human anatomy education. John R. Sladek received the Henry Gray Scientific Achievement Medal for his unique contributions and achievements in anatomical sciences.
Researchers trained pigeons to distinguish between benign and malignant breast histology and radiology images, showing their ability to generalize what they learned. The study suggests that pigeons could aid in understanding human medical image perception and performance assessment.
A study found that a specific gene signature called MG5 can divide intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma patients into two separate risk groups. Those with high MG5 scores had poorer survival outcomes and were seven times more likely to die of the disease.
A study of 50 Maiasaura tibiae fossils revealed bird-level growth rates and a six-year window of peak physical fitness. The researchers also found that sexual maturity occurred within the third year of life and the average adult mass was 2.3 tonnes in eight years.
Researchers have described a new hadrosaur species, Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis, which grew up to 30 feet long and lived in darkness for months during the Cretaceous Period. The discovery provides evidence of a distinct, polar fauna in what is now northern Alaska.
The new 2015 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors provides standard criteria for pathology diagnosis and clinical practice. The updated classification focuses on histologic subtyping and classification according to predominant subtype, leading to multiple new discoveries in lung adenocarcinoma.
Researchers from MSK Cancer Center announce results from the first published basket study, a clinical trial design that explores drug responses based on specific tumor mutations. The study found preliminary clinical efficacy of vemurafenib in multiple non-melanoma BRAFV600-mutated cancers.
Researchers developed a faster method for classifying benign and malignant human breast tissues using fresh samples. This automated method eliminates the need for time-consuming tissue preparation and specialist assessment, potentially improving breast cancer management in developing countries.
A new study combines neuroscience, image processing, and network theory to create a brain atlas that follows a common functional and structural pattern. The atlas shows the modular skeleton shared by structure and function, revealing the heavy dependence between structural connectivity and functional connectivity networks.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University used stereomicroscopy to create detailed 3D images of mouse models of IBD, revealing distinct patterns related to health and disease. The findings suggest two mouse models most closely resembling human forms of the illness.
Researchers found a network of lymphatic vessels in the meningeal linings of the brain, directly connected to systemic lymphatic networks. This discovery raises new questions about fundamental brain functions and mechanisms of brain diseases.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a new molecular classification system for gliomas, which could lead to more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatments. The system categorizes tumors based on three genetic alterations, allowing clinicians to predict patient outcomes and tailor treatment plans accordingly.
The study develops a method for label-free chemical imaging using infrared spectroscopic imaging, allowing molecular stains to be reproduced without tissue damage. This approach enables multiplexed molecular analysis and could revolutionize pathology in research and clinical practice.
Researchers found that only 3% of newly diagnosed patients with stage III ILC benefited from systemic staging with FDG PET/CT, suggesting CT and bone scan are sufficient instead.
A pooled analysis of data from two randomized trials confirms vitamin E as an effective treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with significant improvements in liver histology and disease resolution. The study supports the use of vitamin E as a safe and effective solution for both adults and children with NASH.
A randomized controlled trial demonstrated liraglutide met the primary endpoint of histological clearance of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and a reduction in fibrosis progression. The study also showed significant weight loss, BMI reduction, and fasting glucose decrease with liraglutide treatment.
A study of oncologists in Europe, Asia, and the US found that nearly one in four patients with advanced lung cancer began treatment without knowing their EGFR mutation status. This lack of testing may compromise treatment outcomes and access to effective therapies.
Archaeologists have discovered a unique complete camel skeleton unearthed in Tulln, Austria, dating back to the 17th century. DNA analysis reveals the animal was a hybrid of a dromedary and Bactrian camel. The find provides insight into the use of camels as exotic animals during the Ottoman era.
Researchers compared two fat grafting techniques for facial rejuvenation and found that both methods produce similar results. The simpler approach using fat cells plus stromal vascular fraction has advantages over stem cell injection due to its faster processing time.
An interactive online education tool has been developed to help practicing oncologists with therapeutic decision-making for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by providing feedback from an expert panel. The tool integrates clinical, histological, and molecular features into treatment plans, leading to a change in treatment cho...
A recent study published in JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that tumor location in colorectal cancer may influence survival. Patients with left-sided primary tumors had better survival outcomes than those with right-sided tumors, suggesting potential differences in gene expression patterns and cancer biology.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that eltoprazine significantly reduced Parkinson's disease patients' dyskinesia while maintaining anti-Parkinsonian effects. The treatment was well-tolerated and shows promise as a new therapeutic principle for treating L-dopa-induced dyskinesia.
A research collaboration involving six universities worldwide aims to assess diabetic neuropathy using specialized eye tests. The project will pool data from over 600 patients worldwide to help answer key questions about the performance of these new eye tests.
A rarely seen tapeworm, Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, has been sequenced for the first time, revealing its genetic secrets. The parasite was detected in a UK resident's brain after traveling 5cm from one side to the other.
Researchers discovered that tortoises' modern breathing apparatus was already in place in the earliest fossil tortoise, Eunotosaurus africanus. The study suggests a gradual increase in body wall rigidity led to the evolution of both the tortoise shell and unique breathing mechanism.
Research found that post-operative radiation therapy improved overall survival for patients with resected NSCLC, with a median survival time of 42 months compared to 38 months without PORT. Factors associated with better survival included female gender, adenocarcinoma histology, and younger age.
A new study defines the epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), identifying Asian descent patients as at-risk groups. Patients from this population are 1.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with GIST than others, highlighting a higher incidence rate and survival disparity.
Research found that NSCLC patients who never smoked had a significantly lower risk of developing secondary primary lung cancers (SPLC) compared to current smokers. The study analyzed 1,484 patients and found that five years after diagnosis, current smokers were more likely to develop SPLC.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have successfully grown prostate cancer organoids from human tumors, providing a new tool for testing cancer drugs and personalizing treatment. The addition of these organoids doubles the number of existing prostate cancer cell lines, offering a more accurate representation of the d...
Researchers found that L-carnitine administration improved axon area, myelin sheath area, and numerical density of myelinated axons, suggesting neuroprotective effects on sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. These findings indicate potential benefits of L-carnitine for treating nerve damage.
Researchers develop protocol combining hard X-ray tomography and histology to visualize constricted vessels, enabling simulation of blood flow and targeted drug delivery. The method also characterizes soft tissues in the vicinity of calcified arteries with high precision.
A team of researchers has demonstrated the advantages of the HOPE fixation strategy, which preserves tissue structure while allowing modern analysis techniques like proteomics and phospho-proteomics. This breakthrough enables personalized medicine and opens up new opportunities for disease research and therapy.
Researchers analyzed genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified three molecular clusters in lower-grade brain tumors. Tumors with IDH1/IDH2 mutations and co-deletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q have a median survival of around eight years, while those without these mutations have a median survival of only 18 months.
Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates damage to cerebral cortex neurons by downregulating nitric oxide, superoxide, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in hypoxia-activated microglia. The study suggests that ginsenoside Rb1 is a promising candidate for clinical use in preventing neuronal degeneration following cerebral ischemia.
Research reveals that lipid rafts are essential for the renewal of brain neurons in Alzheimer's disease by modulating the aberrant autophagic-lysosomal pathway. The study highlights a possible mechanism underlying the clearance of Alzheimer's disease products, implicating the autophagic-lysosomal pathway.
The study found evidence of severe Chagas disease and suggests that the young Incan girl may have been victim of ritual homicide. The analysis of her mummy revealed massive skull and face trauma, indicating a pre-mortem injury, which is similar to previously described South American mummies.
Researchers found that patients with high tumor cell density in sentinel lymph nodes are more likely to die from melanoma within 5 years. A new model predicts patient survival more accurately, identifying those at high risk for progression and those with excellent long-term outcomes.
A recent study found that EGFR mutations are prevalent among the Asian population, with a frequency of 51.4% in stage IIIB or IV adenocarcinomas of the lung. The mutation was more common among women and never-smokers than previously reported.
Researchers have discovered that the oldest land predator, Dimetrodon, had 'steak-knife' teeth with serrated edges, allowing it to efficiently eat large prey. The study suggests a gradual change in feeding habits over 25 million years of evolution.
A new method for analyzing biological samples based on their chemical makeup is set to transform the way medical scientists examine diseased tissue. The technology uses mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to identify tissue types, providing more detailed information than standard histological tests.
A new MRI approach called quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been validated for measuring Multiple Sclerosis (MS) progression. QSM provides a quantitative way to measure myelin content and iron deposition in the brain, which are important factors in MS physiology. The study demonstrated that using the correct model can separ...
Researchers at the University of Granada have successfully grown artificial skin using Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord. This breakthrough could provide instant use for burn victims, reducing the need for weeks-long growth periods.
The Phase II study showed that everolimus successfully slowed or prevented disease spread in 59% of patients. Everolimus may represent a new treatment option for advanced papillary kidney cancer, which accounts for 15% of all kidney cancer cases.
Researchers have developed an animal model to simulate the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on the locus coeruleus. This study shows that degenerative alterations in noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus are consistent with pathological changes observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers discovered that the giant Triassic amphibian Metoposaurus had a two-seasonal climate and needed water for its lifestyle. The species used broad, flat head and forearms to burrow under the ground during dry season, while its growth pattern revealed unique adaptations.
Researchers have successfully induced differentiation of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells into retinal progenitor cells, offering a promising new treatment option for visual impairment in retinal degenerative diseases. The study demonstrates the potential of these stem cells as seed cells for clinical treatment.
Researchers found aberrant splicing changes the form of an enzyme involved in metabolism, leaving slow muscle fibers unable to sustain exercise. This discovery may explain the muscle wasting seen in myotonic dystrophy, a disease characterized by abnormal CTG repeats.
Researchers in Canada found that funding from the pharmaceutical industry significantly decreased EGFR mutation testing after it was discontinued. The Canadian healthcare system lacked resources for implementing a national policy, leading to a substantial drop in test requests.
Scientists developed a histology expression predictor for common types of lung cancer using paraffin samples, achieving accuracy comparable to pathologists. The technology has potential applications in predicting responses to therapies and prognostication.
A study found that genetic testing can help identify BPH patients at higher risk of developing prostate cancer. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms were linked to PCa risk, with one marker showing a strong association.