A new staining method allows specialists to investigate three-dimensional tissue samples using the Nano-CT system, delivering resolutions of up to 100 nanometers. The technique is time-efficient and compatible with conventional methods, enabling enhanced insights into tissue distribution and microscopic origins of diseases.
The Biophysical Society has awarded travel fellowships to female postdoctoral fellows and mid-career scientists presenting at the conference. The recipients will receive a travel grant and be recognized at a reception on February 21, 2018.
Congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. Researchers have identified an upregulation of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) myokine signaling pathway in CDM muscles, suggesting that enhanced RNA toxicity contributes to severe CDM phenotypes through aberrant IL-6 signaling.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have successfully defined a rare pediatric malignant liver disease, HEMNOS, which showed positive treatment outcomes when treated like hepatoblastoma. The study found that all patients survived and achieved remission despite being considered high risk.
The study reveals that bioelectric patterns can override the default body shape called for by a genome, allowing researchers to edit the target morphology of an animal with a wild-type genomic sequence. This work provides clues about why certain individuals have different biological outcomes when exposed to the same treatment as others.
Positive data from Phase 1 trials of Nexvax2 in celiac disease demonstrate safety, tolerability, and bioactivity. The vaccine reduces gluten-specific T cells' responsiveness to antigenic stimulation without apparent duodenal injury.
A new database, Virtual Microscopy Database, launches to provide high-quality images of human body structures, making it easier for educators and researchers to access and use digital microscopic images. This resource is expected to benefit schools in the developing world by reducing the need to purchase microscopes and glass slides.
The American Association of Anatomists has launched a new Virtual Microscopy Database to share high-quality digital tissue slides for education, research, and scholarship. The database was created to address the limitations of existing digital slide collections and provides a centralized repository for anatomy and histology scholars.
Hispanics have a higher burden of poor health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) compared to white and black patients. Meanwhile, Hispanics experience longer median survival times, averaging 85.4 months, followed by blacks at 47.8 months and whites at 43.2 months.
A new approach to surgical pathology in brain tumor patients uses stimulated Raman histology, improving speed and diagnostic efficiency. The method, tested in an operating room, produces accurate results faster than conventional methods.
Researchers developed a novel image-based simulation approach that accounts for realistic architectural non-idealities and flow physics in tissue engineering scaffolds. This technology allows for correlating cell behavior and tissue growth with flow, tracking relationships over time via repeated scanning.
A study analyzing 740 early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT found that Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SqCC) has a significantly higher rate of local failure compared to other histological subtypes. SqCCs are more resistant to SBRT, which may require treatment optimization based on histological subtype.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that a subgroup of glioblastoma patients with highly vascularized tumors benefited from anti-angiogenic therapies, living an average of one year longer than those without. The study highlights the importance of properly categorizing tumors to personalize treatment.
New research suggests that food restriction increases levels of tumor-suppressing molecule p53 in mice and human hepatocytes. This p53-induction is required for fasting-induced adaptation of nutrient metabolism, offering new therapeutic concepts for metabolic diseases and cancer.
A multi-center study found significant survival gains in patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcoma of the trunk or extremities treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with an anthracycline plus ifosfamide. The regimen showed a 20% improvement in prognosis for these patients compared to those receiving histology-driven regimens.
The OAK study found a 27% improvement in overall survival for patients treated with atezolizumab compared to docetaxel, regardless of PD-L1 expression levels. This benefit was seen across different tumor histologies and even among patients with no PD-L1 expression.
Researchers found IDH gene mutations to be independently prognostic of overall and progression-free survival in grade II and III gliomas. CIC mutations also showed promise as prognostic markers, although more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
A new study by University of Toronto researchers found that increased Gαq/11 signaling inhibits the anabolic response to PTH and exercise in mice. This suggests that suppressing Gαq/11 signaling could be a promising target for treating bone loss.
Researchers have discovered a combination of cells and genes that can repair damaged heart tissues in animal models of myocardial infarction. The study found that different biological treatments target various aspects of cardiac function and scarring, with some showing significant improvements in contractile function and angiogenesis.
A newly discovered Chinese fossil, Meemannia, is the oldest known actinopterygian, providing new evidence for the origin of ray-finned fishes. The study reveals that early bony fish had 'cosmine'-like tissues, previously thought to unite lobe-fins and ray-fins, and confirms Meemannia as an early-diverging ray-finned fish.
Analysis of a new fossil suggests that giant dinosaurs like Rapetosaurus krausei were born with adult-like body proportions, allowing for early independence. This finding implies that parental care was less crucial for these species compared to others.
A new study published at The International Liver Congress 2016 found that the diabetes drug sitagliptin was no more effective than placebo in reducing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, researchers demonstrated that non-invasive imaging techniques based on MRI were useful for measuring changes in liver fat and fibrosis.
Kitt Shaffer, MD, PhD, received the 2016 Alliance of Medical Students Educators in Radiology (AMSER) Excellence in Education Award. She has made significant contributions to medical student radiology education through her work on curriculum development and faculty mentorship.
Patients with grade 2 glioma who received combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy experienced longer progression-free survival and overall survival compared to those who received radiation therapy alone. The study's findings suggest that initial therapy of RT followed by PCV is necessary to achieve longer survival.
The American Association of Anatomists has awarded the Henry Gray Distinguished Educator Award to Robert W. Ogilvie for his work in human anatomy education. John R. Sladek received the Henry Gray Scientific Achievement Medal for his unique contributions and achievements in anatomical sciences.
Researchers trained pigeons to distinguish between benign and malignant breast histology and radiology images, showing their ability to generalize what they learned. The study suggests that pigeons could aid in understanding human medical image perception and performance assessment.
A study found that a specific gene signature called MG5 can divide intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma patients into two separate risk groups. Those with high MG5 scores had poorer survival outcomes and were seven times more likely to die of the disease.
A study of 50 Maiasaura tibiae fossils revealed bird-level growth rates and a six-year window of peak physical fitness. The researchers also found that sexual maturity occurred within the third year of life and the average adult mass was 2.3 tonnes in eight years.
Researchers have described a new hadrosaur species, Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis, which grew up to 30 feet long and lived in darkness for months during the Cretaceous Period. The discovery provides evidence of a distinct, polar fauna in what is now northern Alaska.
The new 2015 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors provides standard criteria for pathology diagnosis and clinical practice. The updated classification focuses on histologic subtyping and classification according to predominant subtype, leading to multiple new discoveries in lung adenocarcinoma.
Researchers from MSK Cancer Center announce results from the first published basket study, a clinical trial design that explores drug responses based on specific tumor mutations. The study found preliminary clinical efficacy of vemurafenib in multiple non-melanoma BRAFV600-mutated cancers.
Researchers developed a faster method for classifying benign and malignant human breast tissues using fresh samples. This automated method eliminates the need for time-consuming tissue preparation and specialist assessment, potentially improving breast cancer management in developing countries.
A new study combines neuroscience, image processing, and network theory to create a brain atlas that follows a common functional and structural pattern. The atlas shows the modular skeleton shared by structure and function, revealing the heavy dependence between structural connectivity and functional connectivity networks.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University used stereomicroscopy to create detailed 3D images of mouse models of IBD, revealing distinct patterns related to health and disease. The findings suggest two mouse models most closely resembling human forms of the illness.
Researchers found a network of lymphatic vessels in the meningeal linings of the brain, directly connected to systemic lymphatic networks. This discovery raises new questions about fundamental brain functions and mechanisms of brain diseases.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a new molecular classification system for gliomas, which could lead to more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatments. The system categorizes tumors based on three genetic alterations, allowing clinicians to predict patient outcomes and tailor treatment plans accordingly.
The study develops a method for label-free chemical imaging using infrared spectroscopic imaging, allowing molecular stains to be reproduced without tissue damage. This approach enables multiplexed molecular analysis and could revolutionize pathology in research and clinical practice.
Researchers found that only 3% of newly diagnosed patients with stage III ILC benefited from systemic staging with FDG PET/CT, suggesting CT and bone scan are sufficient instead.
A pooled analysis of data from two randomized trials confirms vitamin E as an effective treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with significant improvements in liver histology and disease resolution. The study supports the use of vitamin E as a safe and effective solution for both adults and children with NASH.
A randomized controlled trial demonstrated liraglutide met the primary endpoint of histological clearance of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and a reduction in fibrosis progression. The study also showed significant weight loss, BMI reduction, and fasting glucose decrease with liraglutide treatment.
A study of oncologists in Europe, Asia, and the US found that nearly one in four patients with advanced lung cancer began treatment without knowing their EGFR mutation status. This lack of testing may compromise treatment outcomes and access to effective therapies.
Archaeologists have discovered a unique complete camel skeleton unearthed in Tulln, Austria, dating back to the 17th century. DNA analysis reveals the animal was a hybrid of a dromedary and Bactrian camel. The find provides insight into the use of camels as exotic animals during the Ottoman era.
Researchers compared two fat grafting techniques for facial rejuvenation and found that both methods produce similar results. The simpler approach using fat cells plus stromal vascular fraction has advantages over stem cell injection due to its faster processing time.
An interactive online education tool has been developed to help practicing oncologists with therapeutic decision-making for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by providing feedback from an expert panel. The tool integrates clinical, histological, and molecular features into treatment plans, leading to a change in treatment cho...
A recent study published in JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that tumor location in colorectal cancer may influence survival. Patients with left-sided primary tumors had better survival outcomes than those with right-sided tumors, suggesting potential differences in gene expression patterns and cancer biology.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that eltoprazine significantly reduced Parkinson's disease patients' dyskinesia while maintaining anti-Parkinsonian effects. The treatment was well-tolerated and shows promise as a new therapeutic principle for treating L-dopa-induced dyskinesia.
A research collaboration involving six universities worldwide aims to assess diabetic neuropathy using specialized eye tests. The project will pool data from over 600 patients worldwide to help answer key questions about the performance of these new eye tests.
A rarely seen tapeworm, Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, has been sequenced for the first time, revealing its genetic secrets. The parasite was detected in a UK resident's brain after traveling 5cm from one side to the other.
Researchers discovered that tortoises' modern breathing apparatus was already in place in the earliest fossil tortoise, Eunotosaurus africanus. The study suggests a gradual increase in body wall rigidity led to the evolution of both the tortoise shell and unique breathing mechanism.
Research found that post-operative radiation therapy improved overall survival for patients with resected NSCLC, with a median survival time of 42 months compared to 38 months without PORT. Factors associated with better survival included female gender, adenocarcinoma histology, and younger age.
A new study defines the epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), identifying Asian descent patients as at-risk groups. Patients from this population are 1.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with GIST than others, highlighting a higher incidence rate and survival disparity.
Research found that NSCLC patients who never smoked had a significantly lower risk of developing secondary primary lung cancers (SPLC) compared to current smokers. The study analyzed 1,484 patients and found that five years after diagnosis, current smokers were more likely to develop SPLC.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have successfully grown prostate cancer organoids from human tumors, providing a new tool for testing cancer drugs and personalizing treatment. The addition of these organoids doubles the number of existing prostate cancer cell lines, offering a more accurate representation of the d...
Researchers found that L-carnitine administration improved axon area, myelin sheath area, and numerical density of myelinated axons, suggesting neuroprotective effects on sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. These findings indicate potential benefits of L-carnitine for treating nerve damage.
Researchers develop protocol combining hard X-ray tomography and histology to visualize constricted vessels, enabling simulation of blood flow and targeted drug delivery. The method also characterizes soft tissues in the vicinity of calcified arteries with high precision.
Researchers analyzed genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified three molecular clusters in lower-grade brain tumors. Tumors with IDH1/IDH2 mutations and co-deletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q have a median survival of around eight years, while those without these mutations have a median survival of only 18 months.
A team of researchers has demonstrated the advantages of the HOPE fixation strategy, which preserves tissue structure while allowing modern analysis techniques like proteomics and phospho-proteomics. This breakthrough enables personalized medicine and opens up new opportunities for disease research and therapy.
Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates damage to cerebral cortex neurons by downregulating nitric oxide, superoxide, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in hypoxia-activated microglia. The study suggests that ginsenoside Rb1 is a promising candidate for clinical use in preventing neuronal degeneration following cerebral ischemia.
Research reveals that lipid rafts are essential for the renewal of brain neurons in Alzheimer's disease by modulating the aberrant autophagic-lysosomal pathway. The study highlights a possible mechanism underlying the clearance of Alzheimer's disease products, implicating the autophagic-lysosomal pathway.
The study found evidence of severe Chagas disease and suggests that the young Incan girl may have been victim of ritual homicide. The analysis of her mummy revealed massive skull and face trauma, indicating a pre-mortem injury, which is similar to previously described South American mummies.