Research published in Psychological Science found that cultural values shape environmental behavior. In individualistic countries, personal concerns drive eco-friendly actions, while in collectivistic societies, social norms are a stronger motivator. The study suggests that tailoring messages to local culture is crucial for promoting p...
The study analyzed responses from 142 respondents in 36 countries to identify key findings on traffic safety cultures worldwide. The results revealed two approaches to traffic safety culture: an objective reality-based approach and a threat-elimination focus, with poorer countries emphasizing safety.
Researchers have successfully grown norovirus in laboratory cultures of human intestinal epithelial cells, paving the way for further studies on prevention, treatment, and control of norovirus infections. This achievement represents a significant step forward in understanding human gastroenteritis viruses.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have successfully grown human noroviruses in laboratory cultures of human intestinal epithelial cells by adding bile to the cultures. This breakthrough allows researchers to explore and develop procedures to prevent and treat infection, as well as better understand norovirus biology.
A new study from the University of Rochester Medical Center highlights cultural differences in refugee developmental screening, including language barriers and differing beliefs about disability. Researchers found that establishing trust and using in-person interpreters improved engagement and milestone identification.
Researchers developed a new technique using modified strains that consume xenobiotic nutrients, allowing them to outcompete other microorganisms. This method enables mass biofuel production without the use of antibiotics, which is poised as a more sustainable energy source.
The study, involving 10,000 participants from 50+ cultural groups, contradicts the 'West vs. Rest' divide by showing Westerners' and non-Western cultures' self-perceptions share more similarities than previously believed. The research highlights diverse models of selfhood across different world regions.
A Brown University study used a custom-built device to compress neurons in 3-D cell cultures and observed their reaction to traumatic brain injury. The findings suggest that there may be a window for therapeutic intervention aimed at minimizing further damage, with irreparable structural damage occurring after approximately six hours.
Scientists tested Emiliania huxleyi's ability to adapt to ocean acidification over four years, finding limited growth rate improvement despite genetic identity. The study revealed that evolution amplifies negative effects on calcification, while adapted populations can still form calcium carbonate platelets under current CO2 conditions.
Researchers developed a microfluidic chip to study adipose-derived adult stem cells' development into mature fat cells. The platform successfully converted cells into mature fat cells while decoding signalling pathways.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect mycobacterial pathogens directly from patient samples using genetic analysis, reducing detection time to 1-2 days. The new method was found to be equally accurate as traditional culture-based techniques and can also detect resistance to standard medicines.
A study found that a cellular sorting protein called SORLA disrupts fat metabolism by recycling molecular receptors for insulin. This causes fat cells to become overly sensitive to insulin, leading to excessive fat deposits and obesity. The researchers discovered this link in human samples, mouse models, and cell cultures.
Researchers at Cardiff University are exploring a potential new treatment for human temporal lobe epilepsy by transplanting immature neuron cells into the brain. The project, funded by Epilepsy Research UK, aims to develop this cell transplantation treatment and potentially lead to clinical trials in the next 3-5 years.
A study presented at the APIC Annual Conference found that three-quarters of ED patients treated with antibiotics tested negative for gonorrhea or chlamydia. The research highlights the need to find a balance between treating patients and preventing unnecessary antibiotic use, which contributes to antibiotic resistance.
A study of over 1,100 patients with symptoms of gonorrhea or chlamydia found that 76.6% who received antibiotics tested negative for the STDs. The study suggests focusing on clinical predictors may improve unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in patients without true disease.
A new study presents a visual trigger approach that leverages the 'ick factor' to motivate hospital staff to comply with hand hygiene guidelines. The program, tested on units with low compliance rates, showed significant increases in adherence, with compliance rates rising by 11-46 percentage points.
A study by University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work researchers examines the perceptions and preferences of older Latinos with advanced cancer regarding news on their diagnosis or prognosis. The investigation aims to identify culturally appropriate training for physicians and providers, promoting quality end-of-life care.
A new special section of Child Development journal investigates how children learn cultural norms through imitation, social interaction, and emotional expression. The research reveals a consistent set of tools across multiple cultural settings, with children 'overimitating' culturally appropriate behavior.
Researchers at Rutgers University and Dartmouth College find that oral drug deferiprone kills HIV-infected cells in lab cultures and suppresses the virus in patients in a limited clinical trial. The treatment approach has potential as a new strategy for destroying the DNA harbored in HIV-infected cells.
Researchers developed HuMiX, a human microbiome research tool that accurately models the complex interactions between human cells and bacteria. The model allows for the study of metabolic processes, including communication between the intestine and brain, and has potential applications for understanding neurodegenerative diseases.
A comprehensive review of scientific research on sexual orientation reveals that non-heterosexual feelings are a small but nontrivial percentage of the population across cultures. The study suggests that biological and environmental factors jointly influence sexual orientation, with no evidence to support social learning or increased p...
A new film series by Sarah Betcher explores Alaskan indigenous uses of wild plants for food, medicine and construction materials. The 'Ties to Alaska's Wild Plants' project documents Iñupiat traditions and aims to preserve traditional knowledge in the face of climate change.
Scientists at Osaka University successfully reproduced long-lasting effects of stress on memory by using organotypic slice cultures. Stress interferes with memory consolidation, leading to formation inhibition.
A new study by Giorgi Chaladze uses a computational model to explain the persistence of male homosexuality throughout history and cultures. The research suggests that many heterosexual men carry genes predisposing them to homosexuality, which helps maintain its stability within populations.
A new University of Cambridge research project explores the history of writing and its connection to modern culture. The CREWS project reveals surprising links between ancient societies and their use of alphabetical order.
A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a first-of-its-kind study on Zanzibar's formation and fauna extinction. The study, which analyzed mangrove sediments and animal remains, found that large mammals like zebras and buffalo disappeared after sea levels rose and coastal cultures inhabited the island.
A new non-destructive technique using EPR oximetry measures oxygen levels in smaller 3D cell cultures, reducing oxygen concentration loss and enabling comparable results to native tissues.
Researchers have created a library of fungi-secreted enzymes that efficiently break down plant biomass, which could simplify and lower the costs of biofuel production. The discovery highlights the potential of symbiotic fungi from herbivore guts, particularly Piromyces, to degrade lignocellulose with enzyme synergy.
A new study found that 24-month-old infants from the US and China share similar attention patterns for objects and events, but also show culturally specific differences. Infants in China preferred looking at scenes featuring a new action, while those in the US focused on new objects.
New research from the University of Missouri suggests that biculturalism is linked to higher self-esteem and prosocial tendencies in Mexican-American youth. This positive association allows them to maintain connection with both their culture of origin and mainstream American culture.
Researchers found that an FDA-approved blood pressure drug reduced cell damage linked to Alzheimer's disease. The study supports the potential effect of other Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for early treatment.
Researchers found that people living in self-oriented cultures are less emotionally complex than those in other-oriented cultures, which prioritize feelings of duty and familial bonds. People in various parts of Asia and Russia showed more emotional complexity.
Biological anthropologists use skeletal remains to understand how earlier peoples lived, while forensic experts decipher skeletal evidence to solve crimes. Researchers at North Carolina State University have published guidance on analyzing child-abuse victims to shed light on past cultures' treatment of children.
A new study by Prof. Spike W. S. Lee and colleagues reveals that moral purity is both universal and culturally variable. In a face culture like East Asia, facial purification has a powerful moral effect, freeing individuals from guilt-driven prosocial behavior.
A new study from Harvard University found that children globally quickly reject unequal distributions of rewards, but in three countries (U.S., Canada, and Uganda), they also accept deals that favor themselves. This suggests that fairness behaviors may vary across cultures.
Researchers have made encouraging results using gene therapy to treat cystic fibrosis by inserting a healthy copy of the CFTR gene into affected cells. The approach restored chloride and fluid transport in both mouse models and human-derived cell cultures, suggesting a potential cure for the genetic disorder.
Researchers found human brains exhibit greater adaptability to environments and cultures due to higher plasticity, whereas chimpanzees' brain organization is more genetically determined. This study provides insight into human evolution and potential susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases.
The DFG is establishing 16 new Research Training Groups to support early career researchers in Germany. The groups will focus on topics such as the mechanisms of aging, cultures of critique, and the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity. Funding for the programs is approximately €72 million over a four-and-a-half-year period.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a process to track the movement of lycopene, a cancer-fighting compound found in tomatoes, in the human body. The study used plant biofactories to produce heavier versions of lycopene, which can be easily tracked in the body.
A study by Aalto University and the University of Oxford reveals that bodily maps of touch are tightly linked to social relationships, with pleasure caused by touching influencing what areas can be touched. The results highlight the importance of non-verbal communication in maintaining social relationships.
Researchers developed a new method to grow 3D pancreatic tumor cultures from patients' surgical tissue, recreating the patient's cancer biology and morphology. This approach can help identify patient-specific sensitivities to novel therapeutics and assist in making treatment decisions.
A nationwide study found a significant increase in CRE infections among US children aged 1-5, with rates rising from 0% to 4.5% between 1999 and 2012. The greatest increase was seen in intensive care units, where isolates of CRE in the bloodstream increased from zero to 3.2% during the study period.
A new study suggests that a parent's behavior plays a significant role in shaping their child's self-esteem. The research found that English children whose mothers displayed negative parenting traits reported lower self-esteem, while Indian children were more affected by their fathers' behavior.
The researchers created mini-brains using living tissue from a single rodent, which can form complex neural connections and produce electrical signals within two weeks. The approach is expected to reduce animal use in neuroscience research and make it more accessible to labs without advanced equipment.
Researchers successfully silenced genes in human cells to induce immunity against the parasitic disease caused by E. histolytica, which affects 50 million people worldwide. The study identified key genes involved in managing potassium flow into and out of human cells, paving the way for new drug targets.
Researchers found that people worldwide, including nomadic hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, group colors into categories similar to those used by other cultures. This study suggests a combination of nature and nurture influences color naming, revealing cultural universals despite dramatic diversity within each culture.
Archaeologists have found the oldest known pottery from Papua New Guinea, dating back 3,000 years, in a remote region of the highlands. The discovery sheds light on how technology spread among cultures and provides insights into early civilizations.
Research analyzing 73,877 working women reveals that covert and overt sexism have similar negative impacts on individual health and work attitudes. Frequent sexist comments and office cultures can be just as detrimental as single instances of sexual coercion.
Researchers discovered that chitosan, derived from insect and crustacean shells, can effectively destroy up to 90% of pathogens in selected cell cultures. This biopolymer has been found toxic to pathogenic microorganisms, disrupting their membranes without harming healthy cells.
A new approach uses cell cultures to predict chemical effects on fish growth, showing excellent agreement with in vivo experiments. The method combines cell population growth inhibition data with modeling of toxicological effects.
A recent study found that sex differences in mate preferences are much larger than previously appreciated and stable across cultures. Men generally favor younger, physically attractive mates, while women seek older, financially secure partners. These findings highlight the significant role of gender in shaping human mating behavior.
A study of 168 cultures found that romantic kissing was practiced by fewer than half, with 46% of cultures surveyed engaging in the behavior. The research also identified a relationship between social complexity and kissing frequency.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a way to mimic the conditions under which cancer tumors grow in bones, enabling more accurate testing of cancer-fighting drugs. The study found that bone tumors exposed to normal forces express more of a protein called IGF-1 than detected in static cultures.
A new study by Duke University researchers found that children who are taught to be vigilant for hostility in others are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior themselves. The four-year longitudinal study involved 1,299 children and their parents from 12 different cultural groups worldwide.
Researchers found that applying benzoyl peroxide to the skin before and after surgery significantly reduced P. acnes bacteria, potentially lowering the risk of postoperative infection. The study suggests using BPO as a tool to improve skin preparation and reduce bacterial contamination during shoulder surgery.
Researchers at LCSB have successfully grown dopaminergic neurons in a three-dimensional cell culture system. The system models the natural conditions of the brain and is significantly cheaper than existing methods, allowing for the automation of drug testing.
Researchers have pushed back the time period of sophisticated Pueblo culture by at least 150 years, suggesting a more complex society with relationships to Mesoamerican cultures. The discovery of scarlet macaw remains in ancient settlements has provided early evidence of social hierarchy and trade networks.
The study confirms massive migrations led to huge changes in the European gene-pool, conferring admixture on modern populations. Genetic analysis reveals a new perception of family, property, and personhood emerged during this period, influencing language families and later developments in the Bronze Age.
According to archaeo-acoustician Steven J. Waller, ancient cultures sought booming echoes in their performance spaces, rather than clear tones. This reflects a cultural difference between past and present worldviews, where echoes were once considered mysterious and divine.
A global study involving 6,902 university students found that Einstein and Mandela are consistently ranked as heroes, while Hitler is often considered the worst villain across cultures. The results highlight varying opinions on historical figures and events, reflecting cultural differences in perception.