Articles tagged with Information Theory
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Prof. Benjamin Weiss, a renowned mathematician, has been awarded the Israel Prize for his pioneering contributions to mathematics and computer science. His groundbreaking research has earned him international recognition and accolades from prominent institutions like the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
A new project aims to develop robust logical quantum bits for scalable and fault-tolerant quantum computing. The snaQCs2025 project combines innovative simulation and integration methods to compensate for error susceptibility of physical qubits, bringing quantum computing closer to practical use.
This book explores the impact of decentralized networks on industries like healthcare and supply chains, highlighting the benefits of blockchain technology. It also delves into the synergy between blockchain and emerging technologies like AI and IoT.
The Stowers Institute has appointed its first AI Fellow, Sumner Magruder, to harness the potential of artificial intelligence in biological research. He will collaborate with researchers to design new algorithms and unlock insights from large datasets.
Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, have developed a mathematical theory that can be used to design optimization strategies for dynamical networks, such as those comprising living organisms. They found that tools from information theory provided a way to simplify nonlinear optimization problem...
ConcreteSC technology achieves significant speed boosts and improved efficiency in next-generation wireless networks. The innovation integrates user tasks into communication processes, reducing computational complexity and increasing semantic meaning.
Researchers from The University of Osaka develop a method to prepare high-fidelity 'magic states' for use in quantum computers with less overhead and unprecedented accuracy. This breakthrough aims to overcome the significant obstacle of noise in quantum systems, which can ruin computer setups.
Researchers at TU Wien have measured what happens when quantum physical information is lost, confirming Rolf Landauer's principle that deleting information always results in entropy transfer and energy loss. This study explores the connection between thermodynamics, information theory, and quantum physics.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology developed an explainable AI model to classify videos of splashing and non-splashing drops. The model achieved a success rate of 92% for low-viscosity liquid and 100% for high-viscosity liquid, revealing key differences in droplet behavior during impact stages.
A three-dimensional quantum error correction architecture was discovered, which can handle errors scaling like L<sup>2</sup> (LxL) in two-dimensions. This breakthrough promises to enhance the reliability of quantum information storage and reduce physical computing resources needed for 'logical qubits', paving the way for a more compact
A team of MIT engineers developed an algorithm to identify causal links in complex systems, taking data from various sources and analyzing interactions between variables. The method generates a causality map linking variables with likely cause-and-effect relationships, including synergistic and redundant links.
A study reveals that the gender gap in physics has remained stable for over a century due to established scientists' adoption patterns and network inclusion. The gap can be closed by adjusting parameters, but interventions such as funding and promotion opportunities are more challenging.
A new study from the University of Tsukuba introduces a method to measure boredom in the body during temporary stress, revealing that it may be a key driver of subjective stress. The study used Integrated Information Theory to evaluate physiological signals and found a strong correlation between boredom and stress levels.
Researchers at TU Wien have developed a theory to extract information from waves, allowing for precise measurements of objects in space. The theory reveals that the information content of a wave depends on its interaction with the object's properties, enabling customised waves to be generated for optimal information transfer.
Researchers introduce a new mathematical framework that analyzes self-organization in embryonic development. The framework, which uses information theory, predicts optimal parameters for the process and provides insight into how cells interact with each other. This discovery has implications for understanding complex biological processes.
Salk scientists develop new method to quantify synaptic features, revealing high precision of plasticity and up to 10 times more storage capacity. The technique uses information theory to analyze synapse pairs from a rat hippocampus, offering a scalable approach for studying brain function.
Researchers focused on measuring information transfer in biological neurons, simulated neurons, and electronic neuromorphic systems. The team demonstrated that it is possible to transform biological circuits into electronic circuits while maintaining the amount of information transferred.
A new machine learning approach called CellOT allows for precise modeling and prediction of cell changes and drug effects. This enables personalized cancer treatments by identifying the traits of resistant cells, paving the way for more effective therapies.
Lero is recruiting 16 top international post-doctoral researchers for a €2.9 million fellowship program focusing on privacy, trust, inclusion and fairness in software expertise. The program will provide discipline-specific skills training and enhance career development.
A new study found that fame-seekers plan their mass shootings as 'surprises,' carefully crafting them in ways that set them apart from previous incidents. Researchers analyzed data from 189 mass shootings between 1966 and 2021, finding that attacks by fame-seekers were about three times more surprising than those from non-fame-seekers.
A research team from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology has developed an image-based AI model to predict the deformation of a splashing drop. The trained encoder-decoder successfully generated image sequences that show the deformation of a drop during impact, demonstrating accurate predictions.
Researchers at TU Wien develop a quantum version of the third law of thermodynamics, finding that absolute zero is theoretically attainable but requires infinite energy, time, or complexity. This breakthrough reconciles quantum physics with thermodynamics, paving the way for the development of practical quantum computers.
Researchers and industry leaders from around the world will gather in Sydney to discuss key areas of quantum computing, communications, sensing, training, entrepreneurship, and policy. The three-day event is expected to feature insights on cyber security, sustainability, and commercialization, with over 700 attendees.
Engineers at Diraq and UNSW Sydney discovered a new way to precisely control single electrons in quantum dots using electric fields, which is less bulky and requires fewer parts. This breakthrough technique can help achieve the goal of fabricating billions of qubits on a single chip for commercial production.
Researchers studied the body ownership illusion using integrated information theory, discovering a relationship between local and global brain-body processes. This work may help explain altered states of consciousness, such as the blurring of self and non-self, leading to feelings of uneasiness.
Researchers found that featured reviews on Amazon can lead to higher sales and improved customer satisfaction, but the impact decreases when there are too many reviews. Products with three reviews performed better than those with more or fewer reviews.
Researchers found that song elements' order strongly correlates with rhythmical timing, suggesting a similar processing mechanism as humans. This discovery sheds light on the cognitive processes of songbirds and their potential for musicality.
Researchers at Princeton University have discovered a new method to correct errors in quantum computers, potentially clearing a major obstacle. The technique increases the acceptable error rate four-fold, making it practical for current quantum systems.
A new technique, SA-MDP, has been developed to solve the sensitive association rule problem in data mining. It uses a customized particle swarm optimization algorithm to balance data utility and privacy, and introduces particle splitting and preprocessing mechanisms to improve exploration and speed.
A UVA researcher has earned a prestigious NSF CAREER award to develop new models and data compression algorithms that will make the storage and analysis of large data sequences more efficient and accurate. The goal is to tackle the challenges of data storage capacity, particularly for genomic data.
A recent study by the University of Rochester found that mobility patterns can be predicted with surprising accuracy based on data collected from acquaintances, even if individual users turn off their own location tracking. The researchers discovered that up to 95% of an individual's movement pattern can be inferred from people they ar...
Researchers reexamined hundreds of experiments on neural activity and consciousness, finding that experiment parameters determine results. The study used artificial intelligence to predict which theory would be supported by each experiment with 80% success.
A large survey study found an association between moderate depression symptoms and believing COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. The study included over 15,000 respondents and examined the psychological impact of vaccine misinformation on mental health.
Researchers estimate that the visible universe contains approximately 6 times 10 to the power of 80 bits of information. This numerical prediction offers a potential avenue toward experimental testing and refining predictions, including research into the hypothesis that information is the fifth state of matter in the universe.
A team from UNIGE and HUG used information theory to study the molecular regulations behind cancer cell adaptation to targeted therapies. They found that a large reversible component of resistance exists, which can be modulated by therapeutic combinations.
Researchers from The University of Tokyo have shown that the standard model biologists use to describe bacterial chemotaxis is mathematically equivalent to optimal dynamics. By using nonlinear filtering theory, they found that the system used by bacteria is indeed optimal for efficient sensing and adaptation in noisy environments.
A statistical approach analyzing 14,912 Western paintings reveals spatial composition patterns that can distinguish between artists and style periods. The study found that compositional features shifted over time, with dominant horizons changing in location during the Rococo, Romantic, Realism, Impressionism, and 20th century periods.
The study used advanced metrics from information theory to describe the collective behavior of small schools of ayu fish, finding that groups of three or more exhibited noticeably different dynamics. This work may aid in developing cooperative biomimetic swarming robots and help understand fundamental problems in complexity theory.
Scientists used mass spectrometry and statistical measures to analyze plant metabolites in response to herbivore attack. The results show that plants regulate their metabolism directionally to produce effective defenses, supporting the theory of optimal defense.
Using integrated information theory, researchers from the University of Tsukuba studied schools of Plecoglossus altivelis fish and found a discontinuity between three- and four-fish schools. The study revealed that leadership emerges in larger groups, improving understanding of collective behavior dynamics.
Researchers propose a new approach to understanding individuality in biology using Information Theory, focusing on dynamical processes and environmental influences. This perspective suggests that individuals are best thought of as continuous, emergent entities rather than stationary objects.,
A general information theory of metasurface has been proposed to analyze the relation between the information of metasurface and its far-field radiation pattern. The scientists found an upper bound of information contained in the radiation pattern of a metasurface, revealing theoretical upper limit of orthogonal radiation states.
Scientists have created a novel approach to analyze neuronal response to different call meanings in songbirds. The analysis shows that initial responses contain information about the call's meaning, with additional information accumulating up to 600 milliseconds. Individual neurons play a significant role in categorizing call meanings.
Researchers Thomas L. Marzetta and Elza Erkip received the 2019 Fred W. Ellersick Prize and Best Tutorial Paper Award, respectively, for their contributions to Massive MIMO and energy harvesting in wireless communications. Their work aims to elucidate fundamental possibilities rather than practical solutions within today's technology f...
Researchers challenged a popular idea about how machine learning algorithms think by applying information theory to classification problems. They found that classifiers with many layers do not necessarily trade off between prediction and compression as previously thought.
Researchers use information theory to identify complex anomalies in high-resolution ice core data, allowing for more accurate analysis of climate records. The technique enables the detection of small anomalies that could indicate significant climate events or errors in data processing.
A new paper proposes a broadly applicable formal definition of semantic information, which emphasizes how information contributes to a system's ability to perpetuate itself. Semantic info is causal necessary for a system to maintain its existence over time.
Researchers connected cognitive science's Universal Law of Generalization to information theory, revealing that the brain approaches optimal performance in perception and memory. This discovery has implications for education, particularly in STEM fields, where students learn to differentiate between complex stimuli.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University have developed a mathematical model to explain cognitive dissonance through the lens of information images. The theory posits that there is a limited space filled with interacting information images, governed by laws that determine real and virtual activities.
A new mathematical framework developed by Tatyana Sharpee and colleagues provides a theoretical understanding of how different cell types divide work among themselves. This framework could help explain greater efficiency and reliability in cell function, as well as the impact of disease when division of labor is not effective.
The project aims to establish a theoretical framework for low-latency wireless communications, enabling the design of novel systems with improved efficiency. Current systems rely on large correction codes to protect against transmission errors, but future systems will exchange information in real-time, requiring shorter correction codes.
Researchers have developed a new method to interpret the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide core, extracting data on sea surface temperatures and tracking climate change. The technique reveals signs of an entropy increase around 10,000 years ago, suggesting human impacts on climate began before the Industrial Revolution.
The study suggests that languages develop word order rules to minimize miscommunication across a noisy channel. Researchers found a correlation between word order and case markings, with strongly case-marked languages like Japanese defaulting to SOV word order.
Princeton engineers developed a technique to clarify images using rays of light scattered by clouds, human tissue, or murky water. The method, known as stochastic resonance, can potentially improve signal technologies such as sonograms, radar systems, and night vision goggles.
A new theory proposes a method to determine fair CEO compensation using information theory and statistical thermodynamics. The ratio of CEO pay to the lowest employee salary has increased significantly in recent years, with US CEOs averaging around 344-to-1, raising questions about market efficiency.
Research from the University of Alberta found that sold-out products create a sense of urgency, increasing consumer demand for similar items. Consumers infer that if a product is sold out, it must be good and therefore desirable.
Researchers investigated two theories of forgetfulness and found that temporal confusability, not decay, is the main cause of forgetting over the short term. The study reveals that making information distinct can alleviate and even reverse the classic pattern of forgetting.
Researchers used information theory to analyze humpback whale songs and found a hierarchical structure with multiple layers of repetition. This study offers a new approach to studying animal communication and may inform research in evolutionary biology.
Researchers will investigate how brains perceive novelty and importance using a computational theory of surprise. The project combines experiments, modeling, and neurophysiological studies to develop a new understanding of how the brain codes for these concepts.
Researchers Jody O'Sullivan and Pierre Moulin have developed a theory that sets fundamental limits on the amount of information that can be reliably hidden in various data types. This breakthrough has significant implications for security applications, including detecting forgery and intercepting terrorist messages.