Articles tagged with Computerized Axial Tomography
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A statewide partnership in Michigan led to a significant increase in patients receiving follow-up imaging after aortic aneurysm repair. This resulted in a reduced likelihood of dying within one year of surgery and improved detection of early problems that can lead to device failure or future complications.
Researchers found thousands of hutia fossils in a Caribbean cave, including nests made from compacted soil and coated with a waxy substance. The discovery provides evidence of the presence of bees in the area thousands of years ago, challenging initial findings on wasp nests.
The new system can reveal early cancers, lung disease, hidden material defects and changes in porosity without multiple exposures or complex mechanical movement. This method produces low-dose and faster images, lowering patients' radiation dose and making clinical translation feasible.
A study at Technical University of Munich found that AI-simplified CT reports reduced reading time to two minutes and improved patient comprehension. Patients rated the simplified texts as more helpful and informative, with 82% finding them easier to read and understand.
Researchers at MIT used CT scans to study 5,000-year-old slag waste from an ancient site in Iran, revealing fine details about structures within the pieces. The technique complements traditional methods of studying ancient artifacts, shedding light on materials used and technological sophistication of early metallurgists.
Chameleons have two long, coiled optic nerves that enable their remarkable ability to look in two different directions at once. Researchers used CT scanning technology to visualize the hidden structure, revealing a unique trait not seen in any other lizard.
The new Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Centre at NUH and NUS Medicine enables faster, safer and more precise diagnoses, while researchers can observe real-time tracer movement throughout the body. This opens possibilities for validating next-generation diagnostics and therapies, advancing theranostics.
MetaSeg achieves the same segmentation performance as U-Nets but requires 90% fewer parameters, making medical image segmentation more cost-effective. The new approach leverages implicit neural representations to quickly adjust to new images and decode accurate labels.
A recent study found a small-but-significant link between exposure to radiation from medical imaging and blood cancers in children and adolescents. The study concludes that while ionizing radiation is a carcinogen, the benefit-to-risk ratio favors CT imaging of children when justified and technique minimizes adverse effects.
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that nearly 4 million children and adolescents were at higher risk of developing blood cancers due to radiation exposure from medical imaging. The researchers estimated that up to 10% of pediatric blood and bone marrow cancers may be attributable to radiation exposure.
Researchers developed a fully automated finite element analysis pipeline to transform spine diagnostics and personalized treatment planning. The new approach enables rapid, patient-specific simulations that support preoperative planning, spinal implant optimization, and early detection of degenerative spine conditions.
A population-based study found that CT radiation exposure before conception may increase the risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss and congenital anomalies. Women with prior CT scans were more likely to experience miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, or stillbirths, as well as birth defects in their offspring.
A new diagnostic schema for COPD improves patient identification by incorporating CT lung imaging and respiratory symptoms. This approach identified additional individuals at risk of poor respiratory outcomes and excluded those with airflow obstruction without respiratory symptoms.
Researchers found that taking blood thinners like warfarin does not significantly increase the risk of brain bleeding after blunt head trauma, contradicting previous assumptions. In fact, patients with poorly controlled warfarin activity had the highest bleeding risk.
The European Research Council has awarded three ERC Proof of Concept grants to Göttingen University professors, enabling the development of initiatives that can benefit Europe's economy and society. The projects focus on harnessing renewable energy, reducing chemical waste, and improving biomedical image analysis.
A new breast scan system combines photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging to produce clear 3D images of common breast cancer subtypes. The system, called OneTouch-PAT, takes less than a minute to complete and excels at detecting suspicious lesions in women with dense breast tissue.
Researchers developed a classification system to accurately distinguish granulomas from peripheral lung cancers based on thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) features. Satellite lesions, halo sign, and calcification are indicative of granulomas, while well-defined solid nodules with lobulation raise suspicion for PLCs.
A team of scientists from Colorado State University and the University of São Paulo have developed a seismological solution to improve the resolution of ultrasound images for lung monitoring. This breakthrough could lead to improved critical care for patients, including continuous lung monitoring at the bedside. The technique uses seis...
A revolutionary AI model has been developed to diagnose lung cancer without relying on costly GPU servers or massive datasets. The ultra-lightweight model achieved a discrimination performance corresponding to an AUC value of 0.92, outperforming state-of-the-art large-scale AI systems.
Researchers at Colorado State University have demonstrated the reversal of embolism in a type of wild grass, which can recover from extended drought within 24 hours. This finding has significant implications for improving agricultural productivity and food security, as it could potentially be bred into crops to make them more resilient...
The National Heart Centre Singapore is launching a nationwide AI initiative to reduce hours of specialist analysis for cardiac scans from minutes, aiding early detection and prediction of coronary artery disease. The SENSE project will apply advanced machine learning technology to interpret cardiac imaging scans.
A new framework for assessing traumatic brain injuries (TBI) will provide more accurate diagnoses and treatments, leading to better patient outcomes. The framework incorporates clinical symptoms, biomarkers, imaging scans, and modifiers to determine the severity of injury and predict recovery.
A new species of ancient tree frog, Litoria tylerantiqua, has been discovered in Australia, challenging previous estimates of when Australian and South American tree frogs separated. The fossil record indicates that the separation occurred approximately 22 million years ago, rather than 33 million years ago as previously thought.
Researchers used CT scanning to study decomposing zebrafish without altering the natural decay process, providing unprecedented insights into fossil formation. The non-invasive technique allows scientists to monitor decay in real-time, including the buildup of decomposition gases within internal cavities.
Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels are significantly elevated in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), suggesting its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. The study also highlights the relationship between KL-6 levels and pulmonary function, specifically forced vital capacity.
The SCAI/SCCT expert opinion document presents a comprehensive framework for using CCTA to guide PCI. It outlines current evidence and future opportunities, providing practical guidance on image acquisition, interpretation, and procedural strategy. The document aims to bridge the gap between imaging and intervention, emphasizing educat...
Researchers at TUM developed an AI-powered algorithm to predict kidney damage in prostate cancer patients undergoing lutetium-177 PSMA therapy. Early detection could enable personalized treatment adjustments to prevent organ damage.
A new study suggests that CT scans could account for 5% of all cancer cases each year, primarily due to radiation exposure. The largest risk is among infants, followed by children and adolescents. To mitigate this risk, reducing the number of scans and doses per scan can help save lives.
A Colorado State University team has achieved a new milestone in 3D X-ray imaging technology by capturing high-resolution CT scans of the interior of a large, dense object using a compact, laser-driven X-ray source. This breakthrough offers a fast and non-destructive way to obtain detailed views inside dense structures.
Scientists discovered a protective variant of the HAQ-STING gene that prevents COPA Syndrome. This finding opens the door to a new gene therapy for the condition, which currently has no cure.
A study of Viking skulls using CT scans reveals a range of diseases including sinus and ear infections, osteoarthritis, and dental diseases. The results provide greater understanding of the health and wellbeing of the Viking population.
A new deep learning technique called CTLESS enhances myocardial perfusion imaging accuracy without requiring additional radiation scans. This method leverages deep learning to estimate attenuation maps, improving diagnostic interpretation and potentially boosting technological health equality across the U.S. and worldwide.
A new deep learning model has been developed to detect and segment lung tumors on CT scans with high accuracy. The model achieved 92% sensitivity and 82% specificity in detecting lung tumors, outperforming physician-delineated volumes in some cases. However, further research is needed to improve the model's performance for larger tumors.
A new University of Michigan study analyzed 2022 data from Michigan Medicare participants to assess the impact of virtual care on low-value care. The study found that high-telehealth-use clinics did not see a rise in unnecessary tests and scans, while some saw a faster drop in these procedures.
Scientists have discovered that some pterosaurs flew by flapping their wings while others soared like vultures. The new findings were made possible by the discovery of remarkably well-preserved fossils in Jordan, including a species with a five-meter wingspan and unique internal structures.
Researchers investigated the effectiveness of systemic thrombolysis for acute portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver cirrhosis patients. After a 7-day treatment period, 60% of patients achieved full recanalization of the portal vein, with no significant side effects.
Researchers developed CT-Derived Functional Imaging, a software program that calculates lung volume changes and blood mass without contrast dye. The technology has improved diagnoses for up to 30% of patients who couldn't tolerate contrast dye, and also benefits all patients with lung issues such as COPD and cancer.
Researchers developed a Pix-2-Pix GAN model to correct PSMA PET/CT images, improving image quality and quantitative markers. The AI-generated images show high correlation with original images and potential for reducing CT scans without compromising image quality.
Researchers validated pediatric emergency department guidelines promoting safer CT scan use, finding both predictive rules safe and effective in minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure. The study enrolled thousands of children and adolescents nationwide, showing high accuracy in identifying cases requiring immediate intervention.
A new study has reconstructed the ancient giant salmon with tusk-like teeth, previously thought to be 'saber-toothed'. The teeth actually pointed sideways out of the fish's mouth, similar to a warthog. This discovery sheds light on the species' possible uses for these massive spikes.
A new AI-powered tool developed by the University of Copenhagen and 3Shape predicts how teeth will move, allowing orthodontists to ensure braces are neither too loose nor too tight. The tool uses scanned imagery of teeth and bone structures to simulate how braces should fit, reducing trial and error.
Researchers developed an AI model using CT images to predict lymph node metastasis in non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The model achieved high accuracy, even for smaller tumors, and can help guide surgical decisions.
A multinational study of almost one million individuals found a strong association between exposure to radiation from CT scans in young people and an increased risk of blood cancers. The study confirms that the benefits of computed tomography outweigh the risks, but emphasizes the need for strict radiological protection measures, parti...
Researchers discovered a 'neglected' dinosaur, Thescelosaurus neglectus, had exceptional smell and balance abilities. Its brain size was relatively small, but its olfactory bulbs were large, similar to those of living alligators.
Researchers developed a method combining sensor data with machine-learning algorithm to identify flaws in 3D-printed parts. The framework allows for statistically verified quality control, reducing the need for human involvement in manufacturing inspection.
A new study from Linköping University has found that the appearance of the thymus gland in chest CT scans is linked to immune system ageing. The researchers examined over 1,000 Swedish individuals aged 50-64 and found that fatty degeneration of the thymus was more common in men and those with abdominal obesity. Lifestyle factors such a...
Researchers developed an AI-based method to estimate BMD from plain X-ray images using a hierarchical learning framework. The approach showed high performance and reliability in estimating BMD, with correlation coefficients of 0.88 and 0.92 compared to DXA and QCT.
Researchers found that 'concerning' CT imaging results were associated with lower clinical outcomes and shorter hospital stays in low-risk patients with acute pulmonary embolism. This suggests that emergency physicians may be managing these patients differently, leading to unnecessary hospitalizations.
A study found that even insured patients with diabetes use crowdfunding platforms like GoFundMe to cover excess medical expenses, including uncovered co-pays and life-saving care. Researchers urge policymakers to consider these needs when developing affordable diabetes care policies.
A newly described species of pachycephalosaur, Platytholus clemensi, has been found to have a keratin bristle structure atop its dome. The discovery was made using CT scans and microscopic analyses of fossilized slices through the skull.
A study of 7807 children found no increased risk of brain tumours, leukemia, or lymphoma after a single CT scan. However, exposure to 4 or more scans before adulthood significantly increases the risk of intracranial tumours, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Researchers developed AI models based on UNet and MobileNet architectures to analyze standardized abnormalities in CT images, accurately identifying object presence and confidence. These models achieved an absolute percentage error of less than 5 percent, comparable to human professionals.
A novel AI architecture, relational reasoning network, accurately identifies anatomical landmarks in CT scans for orthodontic treatments. The model learns spatial relationships between landmarks without explicit image segmentation, achieving accuracy comparable to conventional methods.
Researchers used MRI scans and texture analysis to differentiate between two types of benign oral bone lesions, ameloblastomas and odontogenic keratocysts. The study found that certain pixel and voxel organizational parameters in the MRI images were statistically significant, enabling more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
A pediatric trauma team at Golisano Children's Hospital significantly reduced unnecessary CT scans, minimizing radiation exposure and healthcare costs. The team's efforts, which included adapting existing guidelines and developing new ones, resulted in a 45% reduction in non-indicated scans.
Researchers validate non-invasive ECGi technique to detect atrial fibrillation, providing detailed information about the electrical activity of the heart. This breakthrough reduces patients' exposure to ionising radiation and costs, making it more universal for clinical practice.
The 'Golden boy' mummy is a 2,300-year-old undisturbed body equipped with 49 amulets of 21 different types, including golden and semiprecious stones. CT scans reveal these amulets were placed to protect the body and give it vitality in the afterlife.
Scientists discovered the rarest North American snake, Tantilla oolitica, locked in fatal combat with a giant centipede it swallowed. The CT scan revealed that the centipede's size was the final blow, cutting off the snake's air supply.
A secondary analysis of the CARDIA Lung study found that a substantial proportion of middle-aged adults with normal spirometry findings had emphysema on CT scan. Race-specific interpretations of spirometry may underestimate respiratory symptom burden and risk for death in Black adults, perpetuating structural racial inequities.
The global contrast media shortage has affected millions of diagnostic imaging examinations and requires immediate attention. Researchers propose several methods to conserve contrast media, including weight-based dosing and adjusting CT settings.