Articles tagged with Pneumonia
Streptococcus mitis bacteriocins selectively target S. pneumoniae, highlighting potential as antimicrobial strategies. DNA exchange between species facilitates bacterial adaptation and shapes evolution in human respiratory environments.
Severe COVID-19 and influenza infections can prime the lungs for cancer development, according to new research. Vaccination, however, largely prevents these changes, suggesting a reduced risk of lung cancer.
The new platform developed by UVA Health scientists can produce vaccines much faster, cheaper, and more easily than traditional approaches. The platform's proof-of-concept demonstrates its ability to produce highly immunogenic vaccines that can be manufactured at extremely low cost.
A study found that serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels can differentiate invasive pulmonary aspergillosis from bacterial pneumonia in patients with HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure. IL-6 levels were significantly higher in IPA patients compared to non-infection controls.
Researchers developed a novel tool using extracellular vesicles to introduce genetic modifications into Pneumocystis murina fungus. The modified fungus expressed introduced genomic modifications, potentially leading to new therapeutics for HIV/AIDS and organ transplant patients.
Researchers at Mass General Brigham report preclinical efficacy and human safety data for high-dose inhaled nitric oxide as a potential antimicrobial therapy. The treatment demonstrated strong antipseudomonal effects and was safe and feasible in early human studies.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that ceftazidime-avibactam is more effective than standard antibiotic therapy in managing drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. The treatment also showed a lower rate of adverse reactions and mortality. The results suggest that ceftazidime-avibactam is a more favorable choice for c...
The study demonstrates a significant association between the overall asynchrony index (OAI) and patient outcomes in COVID-19-associated severe pneumonia. Patients with a high asynchrony burden had significantly higher intensive care unit mortality and fewer ventilator-free days, highlighting the importance of PVA monitoring.
A study found that lung microbiomes play a significant role in pneumonia, with patients having oral-like pneumotypes more likely to recover. The researchers identified four distinct microbial patterns, or 'pneumotypes,' associated with different types of pneumonia.
A new study from the University of Gothenburg has found that high teenage BMI and poor physical fitness are associated with a higher risk of developing severe bacterial infections in adulthood. The study, which followed over 44,000 men for three decades, shows that even at high normal weight, individuals are already at increased risk.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have identified a bacterial enzyme called zmpB that can cause fatal heart complications in people infected with pneumonia. The enzyme potentiates the invasion of Streptococcus pneumoniae into the heart, leading to damage and potentially life-threatening outcomes.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that adjunct corticosteroids probably reduce short-term mortality in cases of severe pneumonia and ARDS, but have little effect on hospital-acquired infections. The evidence suggests that there is no increased risk of infectious complications with corticosteroid use for non-COVID-19 pneumonia.
A new AI-based tool proves effective in assessing individual risk in severe cases of community-acquired pneumonia in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), enabling ICU performance evaluation adjusted for patient severity. The Standardized Length of Stay Ratio (SLOSR) shows strong explanatory power with low prediction errors.
In response to rising RSV cases, ECDC advises policymakers and public health authorities on effective ways to mitigate the impact of RSV disease in infants. Immunisation interventions, including long-acting monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccines, can prevent severe illness and hospitalization.
A new nasally-delivered vaccine has been shown to prevent severe disease and curb bacterial transmission, addressing a global need for next-generation immunisation technologies. The vaccine targets the respiratory mucosa, providing stronger protection against respiratory infections.
Two landmark international studies published in The Lancet and Nature Medicine expose the need for faster recognition, better diagnostics, and personalized treatment pathways to combat pneumonia and sepsis. Irish ICUs face a shortage of beds, with implications for delayed care and increased mortality.
A review of systematic reviews finds a consistent association between youth vaping and subsequent smoking, marijuana, and alcohol use. Vaping is also linked to various respiratory and mental health issues, including asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, and suicidal outcomes.
A new vaccine developed to protect against 21 strains of pneumococcus will be tested in a randomised controlled trial, aiming to provide greater protection for babies against serious infections. The trial is recruiting over 1600 babies across Australia and internationally.
A recent study found a substantial burden of potentially preventable hospitalizations for pneumococcal pneumonias among adults in Tennessee and Georgia. The study used a novel serotype-specific urinary test to identify infections caused by 30 different Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes.
A recent study by Florida Atlantic University reveals that up to 40% of hospital transfers from nursing homes can be avoided. The study identified common medical conditions linked to unnecessary hospitalizations, including feeding tube complications and urinary tract infections.
Scientists successfully generated lung cells similar to alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts without using stem cell technology. The AT2-like cells were generated in just 7 to 10 days, a significant reduction compared to conventional methods.
A community-based pneumococcal vaccination support program in Sera Town, Japan, reduced pneumonia-related mortality by 25% among the elderly. The program reversed a previously increasing trend in pneumonia mortality rate in the community.
Exposure to PM2.5 air pollutants impairs mucociliary clearance, a key protective mechanism in the respiratory tract, leading to severe airway damage and respiratory diseases. Researchers have identified the enzyme ALDH1A1 as a potential therapeutic target to reverse this damage and strengthen our respiratory defenses.
Researchers at Intermountain Health found that using ePneumonia, a computerized clinical decision support tool, reduced mortality rates among patients with pneumonia, particularly those experiencing socioeconomic hardship. The study also showed that this technology helped overcome unconscious biases in treatment decisions.
Researchers developed pragmatic models that accurately distinguish between mild, moderate and severe pneumonia in children based on evidence from 73 EDs across 14 countries. The new predictive tools are intended to complement clinician judgement in deciding whether a child’s pneumonia warrants hospitalization or intensive care.
Researchers analyzed medical claims data to identify increased risks of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and fractures among breast cancer survivors. The study highlights the importance of preventive care for these individuals.
Researchers have identified two proteins in birds that compensate for the loss of a key immune component in humans, providing insights into combating respiratory diseases. The study sheds light on how birds maintain lung protection despite their unique respiratory anatomy.
A rare case of Exophiala jeanselmei pneumonia was reported in an immunocompetent patient with interstitial lung disease. The patient presented with malaise, cough productive of black sputum, and bilateral lung field crackles.
The American College of Chest Physicians' CHEST Critical Care and CHEST Pulmonary journals have been indexed in Elsevier's Scopus database. This achievement is a testament to the high-quality research published in these journals, which provide open access content in pulmonary and critical care medicine.
The Chinese Medical Association has released updated guidelines for pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, emphasizing a multi-faceted diagnostic approach and evidence-based treatment strategies. The guidelines highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and responsible antibiotic use to combat rising resistance.
Researchers developed a deep learning algorithm to denoise ultra-low dose CT scans, improving image quality and accuracy. The study found that this approach can diagnose pneumonia in immunocompromised patients using only 2% of the radiation dose of standard CT scans.
A study has established the importance of immunoglobulin A in generating a response to pneumonia vaccines. The research found that poor regulation of gut microbiota can lead to an inadequate immune response, leaving individuals vulnerable to respiratory infections.
A cohort study found no significant association between preoperative GLP-1 RA use and short-term postoperative aspiration pneumonia. The study suggests reassessing preoperative withholding guidelines for GLP-1 RAs. Researchers hope this finding can help alleviate growing concerns about adverse effects of these medications after surgery.
Scientists have uncovered the molecular structure of Mycoplasma mobile's twin motors that power its gliding ability, using cryo-electron microscopy. The complex structure reveals a new mechanism by which energy from ATP hydrolysis is converted into motility.
The American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) has developed an educational program and formal certification exam for nurse practitioners and physician assistants/associates in critical care. The program validates clinical expertise and demonstrates professional acumen, aiming to improve patient care.
Thousands of Medicare beneficiaries developed postoperative infections up to six months after coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement. Women had a 60% greater odds of developing infections, including urinary tract, pneumonia, and sepsis.
Swimming in lakes with still water can lead to infection with Legionella bacteria, causing pneumonia. Risk factors include age over 50, smoking history, and compromised immune systems. Clinicians should suspect legionnaires' disease in patients with severe pneumonia and recent travel history.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a low-cost technology using curcumin to curb bacterial resistance. The study shows that photodynamic inactivation can trigger deleterious reactions within bacteria, killing them and reducing the number of antibiotic-resistant strains.
Research found that long-term exposure to air pollutants like PM2.5, NO2, and ozone increases hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in adults, particularly among men and people over 65. The study used a large cohort of adults from Catalonia and found stronger associations in these vulnerable groups.
Researchers found that short-course antibiotics can be as effective as traditional longer treatments in preventing death and recurrence of pneumonia. This approach offers significant value for healthcare systems by reducing hospital expenditure while maintaining excellent patient outcomes.
A cohort study found COVID-19 accelerates kidney function decline, particularly in hospitalized patients. Early monitoring and optimized management of chronic kidney disease can help prevent complications.
Researchers found pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ukrainian war victims, showing high virulence and rapid spread. The bacteria's ability to cause disease remains despite antibiotic resistance.
A study of 259 adult patients found that many general practitioners prescribe antibiotics despite negative chest X-rays, highlighting a gap between guidelines and practice. The study aimed to explore the relationship between chest radiography results and antibiotic initiation in community-acquired pneumonia management.
The study found that high oxygen therapy modalities increased oxidative stress and lung injury in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients who died of COVID-19 had significantly higher mean MDA levels than those who survived.
A new study found that zinc deficiency promotes lung infection by Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria, which is a leading cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Blocking IL-13 prevented infection-associated death in an animal model, suggesting anti-IL-13 antibodies may protect against bacterial pneumonia in patients with zinc deficiency.
A team of researchers from Northwestern University has developed a novel machine-learning approach to accurately predict pneumonia outcomes by analyzing electronic health records. The study identifies five distinct clinical states in pneumonia, three of which are strongly associated with disease outcomes and two that can help physician...
A proof-of-concept study introduces a medical device that measures protease activity in human breath to diagnose lower respiratory tract infections. The system showed elevated levels of human neutrophil elastase in patients with confirmed lower respiratory tract infections, suggesting its potential for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis.
A new study found that nursing shortages result in longer hospital stays and worse patient outcomes, including higher mortality rates. Understaffing by registered nurses and nurse assistants is associated with increased risks of adverse events, such as readmissions, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, and pressure ulcers.
A study found that medical clowns can reduce hospital stays by an average of 43.5 hours and decrease IV antibiotic use for children with pneumonia. The clowns' visits also led to lower respiratory rates, heart rates, and inflammatory markers.
Researchers at The University of Warwick created a realistic model of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) to better understand the infection. The study found that combining antibiotics with enzymes that break down biofilm slime layers could successfully eradicate the bacteria, offering new hope for treatments.
A new study found that hospital pneumonia diagnoses are often uncertain and revised, with over half of all cases involving a change in diagnosis. This uncertainty can lead to poorer health outcomes for patients who initially lack a pneumonia diagnosis but later receive a diagnosis.
A modeling study estimates that cancer screening costs over $40 billion annually in the US, with an emphasis on enhancing equitable access to recommended screenings. However, experts argue that this estimate may underestimate the true cost due to lack of consideration for subsequent testing, ineligible patients, and overdiagnosis.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin have identified a key biological pathway, the JAK/STAT pathway, that RSV suppresses and prevents immune system igniters from activating. This discovery provides a promising new target for therapeutic immune restoration and could lead to significant impact in treating RSV infections.
Researchers analyzed genomic data and human travel patterns to understand the spread and evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study found that a pneumococcal vaccine reduced antibiotic resistance but allowed non-targeted strains to gain a competitive advantage, suggesting short-lived protection.
Researchers at UCSF have identified laryngeal and tracheal neuroendocrine cells that sense water and acid in the upper airway, triggering a cough reflex. The discovery could lead to interventions to prevent pneumonia and treat certain types of chronic cough.
A new EU study has found that over-60s are six times more likely to acquire pneumonia-causing bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae after daily contact with young children. Pneumococcal infections mainly affect children under two and the elderly, claiming almost two million lives worldwide every year.
A study of 17,000 hospitalized adults found that inappropriate pneumonia diagnoses were common among older adults and those with dementia or altered mental status. Full-course antibiotic treatment for these patients may be detrimental to their health.
Tulane University researchers have developed a CRISPR-based platform for diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections, allowing for accurate results in as little as two hours. The blood test can identify over 93% of patients with an NTM infection, enabling rapid treatment plans and reducing the risk of complications.
The study found that patient outcomes for six critical conditions worsened at urban hospitals, while rural hospitals experienced smaller declines, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to reduce excess deaths in future crises.
A study published in PNAS reveals that increased concentration of lysolipid can cause severe impacts on lung inflation, leading to respiratory distress. The research identifies frequency dependence and proposes a way to tailor treatment processes for each patient.