Articles tagged with Viral Infections
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at UNC Health Care have discovered a little-known protein, PDGFA-associated protein 1 (PDAP1), that plays a crucial role in the replication and infection of hepatitis A virus. The protein is used by the virus to exploit the host cell's stress response, allowing it to produce its own proteins necessary for replication.
Chronic cigarette exposure in mice leads to altered gut and oropharyngeal microbiota, aggravating flu severity. The study suggests that the smoker's microbiota plays a significant role in respiratory disease and viral infection.
Researchers at UVA discovered the heart reacts to viral infections in one of three ways, with specific gene patterns indicating healing or damage. This finding may lead to better treatments for people at risk of heart failure and other chronic conditions linked to viral infections.
New information and guidance on monitoring and managing ranaviruses are provided in the second edition of Ranaviruses: Emerging Pathogens of Ectothermic Vertebrates. Ranavirus infections have been confirmed in over 177 species, causing mass die-offs and affecting biodiversity.
A study by Stanford Medicine researchers has identified a critical link between the composition of antibodies and the severity of influenza infection. The discovery highlights the importance of a specific sugar molecule on antibodies in determining whether an individual becomes mildly ill or severely ill from a flu infection.
A 2023 avian flu outbreak in Washington state killed 56% of a large breeding colony of Caspian terns and had significant impacts on the Pacific-coast population. The virus was also transmitted to harbor seals, causing an inflammatory response in their brains.
Researchers identified a protein in mammals that welcomes arteriviruses into host cells to start an infection. The team also found that an existing monoclonal antibody protects cells from viral infection, providing potential therapeutic strategy.
The project aims to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing rates for children with acute respiratory tract infections, linked to adverse health events and antibiotic resistance. The program will provide tools and education to support providers in using narrow-spectrum antibiotics only when necessary.
Researchers discovered a new type of jeilongvirus in a Florida mouse, which can infect humans and non-human primates, posing a risk of serious illness. The virus is genetically distinct from others and can cause disease in various species.
Researchers developed a new surveillance technique to track COVID-19 diversity using genomic data, predicting variant emergence with high accuracy. The software can forewarn public health officials of impending outbreaks, enabling timely responses and more effective disease monitoring.
Researchers found a bovine H5N1 virus isolated from an infected worker to be transmissible and lethal in mice and ferrets, with limited efficiency. The virus is susceptible to certain antiviral drugs, including favipiravir and baloxavir marboxil.
Researchers found a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain isolated from a dairy worker that killed all infected ferrets, but the worker experienced mild symptoms and recovered. The study suggests that this particular strain may have died out and has not been detected in nature since.
The toolkit provides a base plan for collecting, processing, and reporting laboratory test results from VHF suspects, as well as guidance on infection prevention and control. It aims to bolster local preparedness efforts by offering scalable resources for healthcare facilities to develop practical action plans for isolation and initial...
Researchers are creating microphysiological systems to simulate infection and treatment in vitro, linking human lung and brain tissue models. This project aims to explore the relationship between respiratory diseases and neurological symptoms, potentially leading to new treatments.
Researchers analyzed mice infected with herpes virus and found that removing STING from nociceptors resulted in significant reduction of pain without affecting inflammation or viral load. The discovery may apply to other viral and bacterial infections, including COVID-19.
A new study explores Mpox clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for patients with severe immunocompromised conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of supportive care and advanced therapeutics as first-line treatments.
Participants who received 2 doses of MVA-BN vaccine showed comparable or lower mpox antibody responses at 12 months compared to those receiving 1 dose. Protective immunity may be waning in individuals vaccinated with this vaccine, according to a recent study.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have imaged the structure of RSV proteins, which are crucial for the virus's interaction with host cells. The images reveal that pairs of F proteins may be a key target for destabilizing the virus and preventing infection.
Researchers found that natural immunity from previous flu infections enhances vaccine efficacy, leading to stronger and broader antibody responses. This could benefit individuals who contract the flu each year, potentially improving protection against future strains.
Research found a significant increase in sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and SIDS rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in 2021. The study suggests a link between infection, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SUID, highlighting the importance of safe sleep practices despite infections.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered that a strain of rat hepatitis E can infect and spread among pigs, raising concerns about the potential transmission of the virus to humans. The study found that infected pigs shed the virus in their feces, highlighting the need for improved food safety procedures.
Researchers found that fever temperatures increase helper T cell metabolism, proliferation and inflammatory activity, while causing mitochondrial stress, DNA damage and cell death in a specific subset of Th1 cells. These findings may explain how chronic inflammation contributes to cancer development and suggest a fundamental way cells ...
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have captured the first detailed images of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid structure, which is crucial for replicating in host cells. This breakthrough may accelerate the development of universal antivirals that target this viral structure to combat multiple filoviruses.
Scientists at WashU Medicine are developing strategies and tools to produce vaccines and antibody-based therapies for viruses from five understudied families. The effort aims to rapidly respond to potential future pandemics, with funding totaling $90M over three years.
Researchers found that seabirds' food-stealing behavior, known as kleptoparasitism, could be a transmission point for the deadly H5N1 avian flu virus. This behavior involves birds forcing others to regurgitate their prey, potentially spreading the disease through contaminated food items.
Children with asthma exposed to high levels of indoor allergens are at increased risk of developing respiratory viral infections. The study found that these allergens contribute to more severe pulmonary outcomes, including reduced lung function and increased inflammation.
Researchers studied how viruses move proteins in fruit flies to infect other animals. They found that viral proteins have built-in GPS signals guiding them to precise locations within the host cells. This knowledge could lead to new strategies for disrupting virus movement and controlling insect-borne diseases.
A Cornell University-led collaboration has developed a machine learning model that uses cell-free molecular RNA dregs to diagnose pediatric inflammatory conditions, including Kawasaki disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. The diagnostic tool accurately determines the patient's condition while monitoring organ health.
A new study found that higher BMI is associated with hospitalization for severe bacterial and viral infections. Conversely, mild hyperglycemia was not linked to increased risk of severe infections.
A study published by the European Respiratory Society found that hypertonic saline nasal drops reduced the length of the common cold in children by an average of two days. The treatment also reduced the need for medicines during illness and decreased family members catching a cold.
A study found that RSV vaccination significantly reduced hospitalization risk among adults 60+ in the US, offering protection against severe RSV disease. The vaccine demonstrated effectiveness in high-risk populations, including those over 75 and with immunocompromising conditions.
A team of researchers from Osaka University has pinpointed the B cells responsible for boosting COVID-19 immunity after vaccination. They found that activated atypical B cells are the main responders to mRNA vaccines, providing a new way to assess vaccine response and underlying biology.
A study analyzing 47 fatal COVID-19 cases reveals two distinct disease pathways: one characterized by high viral load and low inflammation, the other by exacerbated lung inflammation. The findings suggest that understanding these molecular mechanisms can inform treatment decisions for critical cases.
Researchers developed AI tool AINU to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells and detect early stages of viral infection. The tool scans high-resolution images of cells at nanoscale resolution, enabling it to detect subtle changes in cell structure that are too small for human observers.
A case study reports a 9-year-old Canadian child diagnosed with Tick-borne Powassan virus encephalitis after symptoms developed 1 week after a camping trip in northern Ontario. The authors emphasize the importance of broad arbovirus serology testing for patients presenting with encephalitis, particularly during summer and fall.
Researchers at Montana State University have published a study in Nature describing the discovery of the PARIS immune system, which uses tRNA to neutralize viral infections. The team used advanced microscopy techniques to visualize the system's structure and function.
A study found that men infected with high-risk types of HPV could experience sperm death from oxidative stress, leading to impaired fertility. The researchers also discovered a weakened local immune response in the urogenital tract, which may contribute to these effects.
New evidence suggests masks can reduce transmission, but behaviors like avoiding crowds also play a role. Experts emphasize the need for multi-measure approaches to public health.
A European study found that prior smallpox vaccination in childhood could offer protection against infections caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade II in men. The estimated degree of protection varied among countries, highlighting the need for further research.
A new universal flu vaccine candidate has shown strong immune response and protection against severe infection in mice. The vaccine, developed using the COBRA methodology, targets multiple strains of influenza viruses, including H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1, which pose a high risk to humans.
Researchers from University of Maryland discovered RNA mechanisms that can lead to more effective and durable RNA-based drug treatments for conditions like high cholesterol, liver diseases, and cancers. The study highlighted the need to consider drug resistance when developing these treatments.
Researchers found that COVID-19 proteins can lower cortisol levels in the brain, leading to a heightened stress response and inflammation. The study suggests that this phenomenon may contribute to the neurological symptoms of Long COVID, including fatigue, depression, and memory problems.
A recent study identified a protein named importin-7 (IPO7) as a carrier that transports flavivirus core proteins into host cell nuclei. The study found that IPO7 plays a crucial role in the efficient production of viral particles, even though initial replication was comparable between two cell types. Blocking this transport mechanism ...
A study analyzing 5.5 million EU/EEA infectious disease cases over 10 years found significant sex differences in notified male versus female cases for several diseases. The proportion of males ranged from 40-45% for pertussis and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections to 75-80% for HIV/AIDS.
A new HPV vaccine has been developed that protects against all cancer-causing HPV types and triggers cellular immune responses to eliminate infected cells. The vaccine's thermal stability and affordability make it an ideal solution for increasing vaccination rates in developing countries.
Researchers found high expression of OLAH linked to fatal disease outcomes, while low levels were associated with recovery. The enzyme drives severe disease through inflammatory responses and fatty acid production.
A recent study has confirmed the efficacy and safety of the dengue vaccine TAK-003, which reduces the risk of contracting the disease by over 50%. The vaccine has shown a high safety profile, with more than 90% of adults and children developing antibodies after administration.
A novel two-step vaccination strategy has been developed to combat seasonal flu, pairing an intramuscular injection with a nasal spray of a weakened live-virus. The approach resulted in a strong immune response and reduced shedding of the vaccine candidate from the upper respiratory tract.
A new study by Prof. Eyal Klement and PhD Student Michal Morgenstern has identified key factors influencing vaccination intentions among Israeli dairy farmers, revealing the significant impact of social pressure and underscoring the need for improved communication between veterinarians and farmers.
A new study by Emory University researchers found that increased ventilation in childcare settings may not be effective in preventing flu virus spread. The team used a play-based model using ferrets to study the spread of flu viruses in a setting that closely mimics a childcare venue.
Researchers used advanced techniques to study phage infection at the level of individual bacterial cells. They found that coinfecting phages impede each other's entry, perturbing the cell's electrophysiology and affecting the outcome of infection. This discovery opens a new avenue for research in bacterial electrophysiology.
A new study using live mice and influenza virus sheds light on how maternal immune response affects fetal brain development. Researchers found that only a subset of severe infections can cause changes in the developing fetal brain, increasing the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Immunology found alemtuzumab to be safe and effective in treating Asian patients with inborn errors of immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The drug was shown to improve overall survival rates, with 94.7% of patients surviving post-transplantation.
Researchers found that most Powassan-positive bites cause nonspecific presentations without symptoms, and estimated 3,000-5,000 people in the US are exposed to ticks carrying the virus each year. The study used a new testing approach to detect the virus in ticks and linked it to human disease outcomes.
A Cornell University study reveals efficient and sustained mammalian-to-mammalian transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 between cows and from cows to cats and a raccoon. The virus shows high tropism for the mammary gland and infectious viral loads in milk.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin have identified a key biological pathway, the JAK/STAT pathway, that RSV suppresses and prevents immune system igniters from activating. This discovery provides a promising new target for therapeutic immune restoration and could lead to significant impact in treating RSV infections.
Researchers found that the recent SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.2.86 and JN.1 have only minor changes in immune evasion compared to their predecessor Omicron, contradicting initial public health concerns.
A Cleveland Clinic-led study found that maternal Zika virus infections can reprogram fetal immune development, leading to long-term consequences in children's immunity. The changes occur even in children born without physical or neurological symptoms of congenital Zika syndrome, suggesting a broader impact.
Researchers found that certain flu viruses can use a second entry pathway, MHC class II protein complexes, to infect human and animal cells. This ability helps the viruses infect different species and potentially jump between animals and humans.
Research reveals native plants and non-native crops attract pests that spread diseases, causing harm to both plant populations. The studies also found viruses transmitted from crops to wild plants, which can have devastating effects on native ecosystems.