Articles tagged with Neurosurgery
Post-surgery patients exhibit moderate speech disorders affecting all language processing aspects, whereas post-stroke patients display specific phonological deficits. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
A new study by researchers at the University of Chicago Medicine has identified a set of sporadic genetic mutations that make it more likely a person will develop cavernous angiomas, which can lead to stroke and seizures. Understanding these underlying causes is key to identifying patients at risk and finding effective treatments.
When the eyes land on a face, certain cells in the amygdala react and trigger memory-making activity. Theta wave activity is also reset or restarted, preparing the hippocampus to receive new socially relevant information.
A global study examining surgical management of traumatic brain injuries reveals regional disparities in causes, treatment, and patient outcomes. Hospitals in low-HDI settings often delay surgery and lack postoperative monitoring equipment.
A new study published in Neurosurgery found that even moderate COVID-19 infection increases the risk of death in younger, healthier stroke patients. The research examined 575 patients with severe stroke and found that COVID-19 patients were nearly 10 years younger and had fewer cardiovascular risk factors.
A noninvasive imaging method called virtual intracranial EEG (ViEEG) has been developed to replace electrodes in epilepsy surgery planning. The method uses magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging to create a dynamic map of the brain during seizures, enabling precise identification of brain networks involved in seizure generation.
A new study at McGill University found that an AI tutoring system improved surgical skills and learning outcomes among medical students compared to human instructors. The AI-powered Virtual Operative Assistant taught safe techniques and provided personalized feedback, leading to a 36% better performance rate.
A new study has discovered that as brains mature, the precise ways in which two key memory regions communicate make us better at forming lasting memories. The findings also suggest how brains learn to multitask with age, with slower oscillations in older participants and faster oscillations in younger ones.
Researchers compared two treatment methods for wide-neck aneurysms: microsurgery with clips and coils/stents deployed via catheters. Microsurgery was found to be longer-lasting, but endovascular therapy showed superior clinical outcomes in unruptured aneurysms.
Scientists at University College London have developed a novel cancer therapy using magnetic seeds guided by an MRI scanner to heat and destroy tumours. The therapy, called MINIMA, has the potential to precisely treat hard-to-reach cancers with minimal side effects.
The new sensor grids offer 100 times higher resolution than existing technology, allowing for more precise identification of seizure origins and preservation of healthy brain tissue. Longer term, the technology holds potential for permanent implantation to improve life quality for people with paralysis or neurodegenerative diseases.
A study published in Neurosurgery found that responsive neurostimulation system reduced disabling seizures in 84% of children and young adults with drug-resistant epilepsy. The youngest patient to undergo RNS implantation was a 3-year-old child.
Research reveals that the parietooccipital fissure acts as an obstacle to glioma invasion, with tumor cells making a detour around it. This finding highlights the importance of this fissure in determining the invasion pattern of posterior medial temporal gliomas.
Researchers found that minimally invasive spinal fusion surgery (MIS) was associated with significantly greater odds of patient satisfaction 3 months post-operatively, but not at 12 months. MIS procedures were also linked to less disability and pain at both time points.
Researchers from Tel Aviv University have identified the biological mechanism causing nerve destruction in ALS, a fatal neurodegenerative disease. They found that TDP-43 protein accumulation in neuromuscular junctions inhibits local protein synthesis and mitochondrial activity, leading to degeneration and death of motor neurons.
A study by The BMJ found that aerospace engineers and neurosurgeons have similar intelligence to those in the general population. However, they showed better mental manipulation abilities and faster problem-solving skills than the general population in certain domains.
Researchers at Hospital Gregorio Marañón and UC3M developed a navigation system combining surgical navigation, three-dimensional photography, and augmented reality to estimate bone fragment positions during surgery. This system has been used on 7 patients with optimal results, reducing dependency on surgeons' experience.
A noninvasive diagnostic method, sonobiopsy, has been developed to detect brain tumors with improved sensitivity. The method uses focused ultrasound to target tumors and injects microbubbles that release biomarkers into the bloodstream.
Dr. Susan Hockfield, President Emerita of MIT, received the 10th Dr. Charles L. Branch BrainHealth Award for her groundbreaking work on brain discoveries and leadership. The award honors neuroscientists who have made significant breakthroughs in advancing brain health research.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that combining copper ions with a drug once used for treating alcoholism kills medulloblastoma cancer cells and prevents new ones from forming. The therapy also curtails the creation of cancer stem cells, which initiate tumor growth and recurrence.
A new study found that cardiopulmonary bypass can significantly impact the development of brain cells in neonates, potentially leading to long-term neurocognitive disabilities. The research used a pre-clinical model to investigate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on brain growth and development.
The study analyzed data from 680 patients aged 1-17 who were involved in ATV or dirt bike crashes. Helmeted riders had lower rates of neurosurgical consultation, intracranial injury, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury, and required fewer neurosurgical procedures compared to unhelmeted riders.
Researchers have developed a revolutionary wireless photoelectric implant that can control the activity of spinal neurons, enabling the study of neural function and the development of new treatments for neurological disorders. The breakthrough technology uses pulses of light to stimulate or inhibit specific spinal-cord neurons, potenti...
Researchers developed a soft robotic steerable micro-catheter for precise brain surgery, enabling targeted treatment of cerebral disorders. The innovative catheter uses biomimicry to navigate and maneuver within the brain's complex anatomy.
Researchers at UC San Diego are developing higher-resolution sensor grids with increased density to improve diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. The team plans to test these grids in pigs before conducting clinical trials, aiming to provide surgeons with a clearer picture of brain regions triggering seizures.
Researchers identified a vulnerability in developmental signaling pathways that can drive pediatric low-grade glioma formation. Targeted treatment prevents tumor formation, long before irreversible damage to the optic nerve can cause permanent vision loss.
A team of engineers and physicians developed a steerable catheter that can navigate the brain's arteries and blood vessels in any direction. The device was inspired by nature and successfully tested in pigs, with potential to treat brain aneurysms and other neurological conditions.
Researchers found that epilepsy surgery is associated with improved overall brain health, reducing brain-predicted age by at least seven years in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. The study used advanced MRI techniques to inform its findings and suggests earlier surgery may benefit these patients.
Cohesive national standards in US neurosurgery education improve patient care, driven by decades of work from leading institutions. The new structure includes 'boot camp' courses and rigorous accreditation standards.
Researchers found that a mobile interventional stroke team treated patients faster and with better outcomes than standard care. Patients treated by the MIST team were more likely to be functionally independent at 90 days post-stroke.
A study found that women with severe large vessel occlusion ischemic strokes are approximately 11% less likely to be sent to comprehensive stroke centers compared to men. Stroke severity, travel distances, and comorbidities were similar between genders.
A study led by York University found that pediatric neurosurgeons develop meaningful long-term relationships with their patients and families, caring deeply about them. However, these relational bonds also bring challenging emotions, particularly when communicating bad news or witnessing patients' suffering or death.
Researchers developed a new balloon stent that can maintain downstream arterial blood flow while closing off aneurysms. This technology has the potential to reduce aneurysm regrowth and save lives by allowing surgeons more time to effectively assess and treat patients.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports found that carefully considered surgical treatment improves the prognosis for elderly brain tumour patients. Almost half of patients who had ended up in institutional care due to a brain tumour were able to return home thanks to surgery.
A longitudinal study found that youth football players experience a significant positive association between changes in head impact exposure and abnormal findings on brain imaging studies. The researchers also discovered that variations in head impact exposure metrics differed from year to year and between athletes.
Researchers at Keck School of Medicine and Caltech demonstrate a new way to produce highly detailed images of the human brain using functional photoacoustic computerized tomography (fPACT). This technology has the potential to be less expensive, more portable, and accessible to patients with implants.
A study published by UTHealth found that as rideshare usage increased, so did a decrease in motor vehicle-related trauma and impaired driving convictions. The age group under 30 showed the most significant reduction in motor vehicle-related traumas.
A Columbia Engineering/UCLA team discovers phase precession in the human brain, allowing neurons to signal information through precise timing. This finding has implications for understanding brain function and creating brain-machine interfaces.
A novel treatment combining vagus nerve stimulation with rehabilitation has shown improvement in upper body motor impairment compared to sham stimulation. The study results provide new possibilities for stroke patients to reclaim more arm function.
A study published in JAMA Neurology found that weight loss surgery is more effective than dieting in reducing brain pressure in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Bariatric surgery resulted in a significant reduction of brain pressure and weight loss, with the surgery group losing an average of 23Kg after 12 months.
Researchers found altered brain activity in individuals with chronic sinusitis, affecting neural networks that modulate cognition and response to external stimuli. Despite no significant clinical impairment, participants showed subtle brain region communication changes associated with attention decline and sleep disturbances.
Studies found that surgeries performed on Thursdays or Fridays result in mean lengths of stay varying 20-30% compared to Mondays or Tuesdays. Total costs also vary, with surgical costs being about 20% higher for patients treated on Friday and costs 24% higher when discharged late in the week.
A prospective clinical study found that patients have three times greater chance of positive outcomes when their surgeons follow evidence-based guidelines for lumbar spinal fusion. The results suggest that patients meeting criteria for successful surgery are three times more likely to experience improved quality of life and reduced pain.
The Baylor prognostic scoring system has been externally validated in a separate group of patients presenting with gunshot wounds to the head, showing excellent discrimination of mortality and good functional outcome. Despite some limitations, the score remains a simple yet useful tool for predicting survival and long-term outcomes.
Researchers developed a second window ICG technique to identify brain metastases during surgery, predicting gross-total resection and progression-free survival. The technique achieved high accuracy in distinguishing tumors from healthy brain tissue.
A new type of ultrasound scan, shear wave elastography, has been shown to detect residual cancerous tissue in the brain more sensitively than traditional methods. The technique, which measures tissue stiffness and stretchiness, could improve surgical outcomes and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
A new surgical technique, Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS), demonstrates reduced recurrent stroke rates from 37% to 10.7%. The EDAS procedure reroutes arteries to segments at risk of stroke, mimicking the process of 'gardening' for blood flow.
Researchers are now able to use genomic alterations of tumors to determine prognosis and best treatment options for pediatric brain tumors. This approach has significantly changed the field of neurosurgery, enabling more effective treatment with fewer side effects.
A study found that assessing surgery patients for frailty before surgery reduces post-operative mortality, regardless of surgical specialty. The review of national patient databases showed that frailty was a consistent risk factor for death after surgery across all specialties.
A team of specialists developed an award-winning 4D simulator technology to train neurosurgeons and reduce complications during brain aneurysm surgery. The simulator accurately models blood vessels, pulse, and flow, enabling enhanced planning and pre-op practice.
Research identifies two causal genes, CHD3 and CHD8, contributing to Chiari 1 malformation. Children with unusually large heads are four times more likely to be diagnosed with the condition. The study's findings may lead to new ways to identify people at risk before serious symptoms arise.
New research from the University of Cambridge found that patients treated with dexamethasone had a lower chance of favourable recovery at six months compared to those receiving a placebo. The trial enrolled 748 patients with chronic subdural haematoma and showed that fewer patients in the dexamethasone group required repeat surgery.
Researchers found that exercising your brain with 'neurobics' before surgery can help prevent post-surgery delirium. Patients who played brain games for at least five hours a day saw a significant reduction in delirium rates, with those playing up to 10 hours experiencing a 61% decrease.
A survey of neurosurgical community members reveals widespread sexual harassment, with women more likely to report witnessing or experiencing it. The study highlights the need for a cultural shift in the profession to address the issue and prevent burnout among female neurosurgeons.
A recent Finnish study found that subarachnoid hemorrhage is the 12th most common cause of death in middle-aged women and exceeds deaths from car crashes or cerebral infarctions. The disease can be largely prevented through healthy lifestyles, including not smoking and preventing high blood pressure.
The survey found that spine surgery had the highest number of medical malpractice suits among neurosurgeons. Fear of lawsuits influences their practice, with defensive medicine being a common response. The study highlights the need for transparent communication, better informed consent forms, and fair compensation to patients.
Researchers developed a fully implantable wireless medical device that enables patients with severe paralysis to control computers, smartphones, and other devices without open brain surgery. The Stentrode brain-computer interface restored freedoms for individuals with disabilities, such as texting, emailing, shopping online, and banking.
Researchers found that using CHG halves the risk of infection in certain types of surgery compared to povidone-iodine (PVI), with significant implications for global healthcare. The study, published in Annals of Surgery, suggests a simple switch could reduce infections and improve patient outcomes.
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) has been extended with a simple method to impute missing verbal component scores. Using a distribution of verbal scores for each combination of eye and motor scores, clinicians can now easily determine the GCS sum score when verbal data is missing, aiding in clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
A study published in Physiological Reviews suggests that elevated plasmin levels may contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility. Researchers propose using a drug that inhibits plasmin to reduce the virus's infectivity and virulence, with an ongoing clinical trial testing this hypothesis.