Articles tagged with Peer Review
Research explores relationship between cardiac metabolism dysfunction and heart failure in the elderly, revealing potential therapeutic targets for improved cardiac outcomes. The study highlights the critical role of Pdk4 and MIF in cardiac metabolism, suggesting innovative treatments to manage interconnected cardiovascular conditions.
Researchers identify key genes involved in osteoblast differentiation, finding positive correlations between WNT10B and these genes, and inverse correlations with WNT5B. The study hypothesizes that the use of WNT activators or inhibitors depends on whether canonical or non-canonical pathways are activated.
Researchers analyzed young and aged dermal fibroblasts, finding a significant decrease in protein secretion with age. The study also revealed an increase of over 60% in cytoplasmic protein accumulation, highlighting the cytoskeleton's crucial role in skin aging.
A machine-learning algorithm called xFakeSci has been developed to detect AI-generated scientific articles, with a success rate of nearly 94%. The tool analyzes word patterns and bigrams to distinguish between real and fake papers, highlighting the need for comprehensive detection methods as AIs become increasingly sophisticated.
A new editorial in Oncoscience explores the application of functional information to adapt radiation therapy to individual patients. This approach aims to reduce uncertainty and improve outcomes in cancer treatment by analyzing signal data uncertainty.
Researchers explore emerging role of Graph Filtration Learning (GFL) in revolutionizing HCC imaging analysis. GFL captures complex topological features inaccessible to traditional pixel-based methods.
Researchers have developed a nanodrug that targets miR-10b, a small noncoding RNA implicated in cancer cell invasion and proliferation. The study shows that inhibiting miR-10b reduces the stemness of breast cancer cells, supporting dedifferentiation as a potential therapeutic mechanism.
Researchers validate increase of specific t-Cys sites associated with aging in human proteome, suggesting potential role in age-related diseases. The study expands beyond classical proteinopathic paradigms, highlighting trioxidized cysteine as a key molecular mechanism underlying aging.
Researchers explore AI's role in addressing challenges in immunotherapy, developing new biomarkers for precise disease characterization and predicting treatment response. A comprehensive review applied AI/radiomics to cross-sectional imaging, showcasing the current landscape in IO treatment.
Researchers found that CHEK2 variants do not increase colorectal cancer risk compared to controls. Three low-risk missense variants were identified as potential drivers of breast cancer risk variability.
Researchers have discovered that dialyl-sulfide and trans-chalcone can prevent breast cancer by targeting SULT1E1 and HIF1a-MMPs. These compounds neutralize oxidative stress and induce the expression of SULT1E1, leading to decreased HIF1a and MMP production.
Researchers have identified HLA-E as a critical negative regulator of NK cell interactions with cancer cells. Disrupting NKG2A:HLA-E interactions may stimulate both NK cell and cytotoxic T cell effector functions against cancer, offering a promising anti-cancer strategy.
Researchers explore the effect of exercise on age-related biomarkers in human skeletal muscle, revealing its potential to foster healthier aging. The study represents the first quantitative and qualitative analysis of this impact, highlighting the benefits of exercise for age-related diseases.
Researchers found associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and DNA methylation-based aging clocks in older men, suggesting that active lifestyles may delay biological aging. The study aims to establish fitness reference values to help prevent the onset of diseases associated with aging.
Researchers discuss the role of gut microbiota in regulating basal inflammation levels and promoting healing of the bowel after surgery. Weakened gut barrier function may lead to persistent low-grade inflammation and increased risk of cancer recurrence.
Researchers have proposed a framework encompassing all discovered host immunological pathways, including TH1, TH2a, TH2b, TH3, TH9, TH17, TH22, TH1-like, and THαβ immune reactions. These relationships can help understand host defense mechanisms against invading pathogens and provide insights for developing better therapeutic strategies.
Researchers developed a nanobody that targets V-ATPase c subunit and inhibits tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The nanobody was tested on 4T1-12B mouse breast cancer cells implanted in mice, where it showed effectiveness in preventing lung metastasis.
Researchers studied the association of 12 immune cell types with epigenetic age acceleration in healthy and diseased populations. Their work sheds light on the complex interplay between immune cell composition and epigenetic aging.
Researchers report a case of undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma with primary insensitivity to standard chemotherapy, but a pronounced response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors at recurrence. The tumor was found to be BRAF exon 15 double-mutated: c.1799T>A p.V600E and c.1819T>A p.S607T.
Researchers found that artificial induction of GluCer leads to cellular senescence in DA neurons, highlighting the role of lipid aggregation in PD. The study proposes that lysosomal impairment and lipid accumulation trigger expression of a cellular senescence phenotype in vulnerable DA neurons.
Researchers discuss diverse BRAF alterations found in human cancers and strategies to inhibit them. Class I BRAF inhibitors represent a landmark achievement in precision oncology, with FDA-approved dabrafenib/trametinib for metastatic BRAF p.V600E-mutant solid tumors.
A new study found that mTORC1 activity correlates with classical biometrics, such as height and macrocephaly, as well as specific neuropsychiatric diseases like anxiety and autism. The research suggests that human variability of mTORC1 gain of function may predict medication response.
Researchers discuss how PROM2 is a predictive biomarker of distant metastases and shorter survival among patients with stage III melanomas. They also demonstrate that runaway metastasis is closely linked to PROM2 overexpression, through increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker expression and ferroptosis resistance.
Researchers at TU Darmstadt have successfully demonstrated a quantum-processing architecture with over 1,000 individually controllable atomic qubits. This breakthrough enables the development of highly beneficial applications in fields such as drug development and traffic optimization.
Laura Feetham-Walker has won the 2024 APE Award for Innovation in Scholarly Communication for her work on peer review training and certification. Her approach extends the pool of reviewers by enfranchising early career researchers, increasing capacity and quality.
A study published in the Journal of Nursing Administration found that Transcendental Meditation significantly reduced PTSD, anxiety, and burnout in frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The technique improved flourishing by 15% and decreased symptoms by more than half over a 3-month period.
The MIT Press is expanding its shift+OPEN initiative with a $275,000 NSF grant to flip two high-impact subscription-based journals to diamond OA. The program aims to accelerate STEM and HSS research by providing barrier-free access to scholarly works.
The guidance paper outlines reliable methods and research practices for improving evidence syntheses. It emphasizes the need for proper education in methodology and cautions against relying solely on appraisal tools and software programs.
A team led by Laurie Schintler is conducting a study to compare perceptions of peer review decisions made by humans versus algorithms. The research aims to measure the legitimacy of both human and algorithmic decision-making processes in scientific publishing and funding outcomes.
The traditional rating approach has limitations, including relying solely on reviewer ratings and summary statistics to establish funding priorities. Researchers propose adding rankings to improve this process.
The initiative aims to improve data collection methods on researchers' racial and ethnic dimensions. It seeks to overcome obstacles, including sensitive data that may be leaked, to promote structural changes and impact in the research ecosystem.
A new study from City University London suggests that the Research Excellence Framework (REF) has led to significant increases in high-quality published research, but not active academics. The study highlights areas of improvement needed in the assessment framework, including greater collaboration between domestic competitors.
A meta-analysis of 55 studies on grant awards found women received an average of $342,000 compared to $659,000 for men. Women were also less likely to receive second grants and faced 'discounting of women's science' despite similar funding requests.
Impact Journals will participate as an exhibitor at the AACR Annual Meeting 2023, showcasing Aging's growth in impact factor to 5.955. The meeting theme focuses on Advancing the Frontiers of Cancer Science and Medicine.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial and diverse impact on cancer care, with changes to screening, diagnosis, and treatment reported. However, the available evidence on how this affected cancer prognosis is limited.
A new study using ChatGPT highlights the challenges of AI in academia, including concerns over academic dishonesty. However, researchers believe that AI can also be leveraged to improve education by automating administrative tasks and adapting assessments.
A University of Cambridge analysis identified 98% of reports from trials evaluating new school-based physical exercise programs as lacking key details about teacher training. The study urged journal editors to update their submission guidelines to encourage better reporting, with seven journals already altered their guidance.
A new study found that most people don't understand the difference between preprints and published academic journal articles. Researchers suggest that frequent reporting of scientific preprints could lead to public distrust in science, as findings may change after peer review.
Pediatric hospitalizations for cannabis poisonings increased significantly in provinces with legal edible cannabis sales compared to those without. The study highlights the need for regulatory measures to mitigate risks associated with recreational cannabis legalization.
The American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) named Dr. Sarah Kamel of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Dr. Ankur Goyal of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences as Melvin Figley and Lee Rogers Fellows in Radiology Journalism, respectively. They will receive expert instruction in scientific writing and communication through the...
The study suggests that marketing research should start with real-world problems and observations, developing valid insights through empirical analysis. The authors propose a three-stage approach: Identify Opportunity, Explore Terrain, and Advance Understanding.
eLife is ending its practice of making accept/reject decisions following peer review, instead publishing every paper it reviews as a Reviewed Preprint. This new model restores control to authors, promoting the assessment of scientists based on their research output rather than publication venue.
A new report found that 90% of COVID-19 preprint data points remained unchanged after peer review, with only minor changes in estimates. This suggests that preprint studies can be reliable and trustworthy, especially for infectious-disease research.
This volume of Oncotarget features groundbreaking research on various cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, and neuroblastoma, as well as novel drug targets for bladder cancer. The studies also delve into the role of BRCA in breast and colorectal cancers.
A novel contract proposed by UTD researchers could help alleviate key sources of conflict between restaurants and food-delivery platforms. The study found that standard contractual relationships have two key issues: simple revenue sharing and strain on restaurant operations.
Dr. Valentin Fuster is receiving the inaugural 'Valentin Fuster Award for Innovation in Science' at the ACC's 71st Annual Scientific Session. The award honors his contributions to cardiovascular medicine and scientific research.
A new peer-reviewed study confirms MiSight 1 day contact lenses slow eye growth and halt myopia progression in 90% of children, with no loss of effectiveness over time. The longest-running soft contact lens study among children demonstrates sustained efficacy for nearly all children, regardless of age or initial refractive error.
A systematic review found that mobile apps based on ecological momentary intervention (EMI) may be a useful tool for managing patients at risk of suicide. EMI interventions can provide 'low-cost, 24/7 support' and are particularly promising for adolescents and young adults who are comfortable with digital technologies.
A survey of Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs) found that only 45% of respondents participated in grant review, compared to 76% at traditionally White institutions. Despite this, 76% of MSI scientists reported an interest in taking part in grant review.
Researchers compared preprints to their final publications and found that over 83% of COVID-19 and 93% of non-COVID related life sciences articles do not change from their preprint to final published versions. A machine learning tool also recommends potential journals for linguistically similar articles.
Samuel Galgano and Pankaj Gupta have been named the 2022 Melvin M. Figley Fellow in Radiology Journalism and the 2022 Lee F. Rogers International Fellow in Radiology Journalism, respectively. They will attend the 2022 ARRS Annual Meeting and participate in the Editor’s Forum.
A survey of scientists from minority-serving institutions found that only 45% participated in grant peer review, despite 76% expressing interest. The study highlights the need for more inclusive grant review recruiting and training to break the cycle of exclusion faced by underrepresented minority scientists.
A University of Guam professor emeritus has discovered a new species of diatom, Licmophora complanata, that produces an estimated one-fifth of the oxygen in the air we breathe. The discovery was made using advanced microscopy techniques and builds on previous finds by UOG students.
A recent study published in PLOS Biology found evidence of editorial bias and nepotism in some biomedical journals, where a few authors, often on the editorial board, dominate publications and receive preferential treatment.
A study of 5 million authors found that the pandemic exacerbated existing gender inequalities in academia, with women submitting fewer manuscripts than men across various fields. The research highlights the need for addressing these disparities to prevent long-term effects on career success and deepen gender inequality.
A study of 2,329 academic journals found a significant gender gap in manuscript submissions during the first COVID-19 wave, with women submitting fewer papers than men, especially in health and medicine.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that universal and selective interventions targeting young people can reduce the risk of most mental disorders. These interventions, such as psychoeducation and therapy, showed promise in preventing symptoms like ADHD, anxiety, and interpersonal violence.
The ACS Quality Verification Program utilizes data surveillance, standardized processes, and systems to identify quality improvement issues and improve surgical patient care. The program's 12 standards provide a framework for hospitals to implement robust surgical quality improvement initiatives.
The new PRISMA 2020 guideline provides a 27-item reporting checklist to ensure transparent, complete, and accurate accounts of systematic reviews. This updated version aims to combat incompletely reported reviews that lead to low-value healthcare.
Research on opioid use among Black people is scarce due to historical exclusion and underrepresentation. The review identifies key disparities in overdose risk, treatment access, and prescription opioid use, emphasizing the importance of culturally informed care.