This special issue of Energy Material Advances highlights recent progress in synthesizing and tuning perovskite nanocrystals and other emerging nanocrystal materials. Research focuses on fundamental understanding of doping, synthesis, and spectroscopy, as well as applications in solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
Researchers have discovered a novel nano-therapy that prevents bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature babies. The therapy uses tiny particles released by mesenchymal stromal cells, which travel to the brain and lungs, reducing damage and improving lung and brain health.
Research found that exercising for half an hour can improve depressed mood state and anhedonia for up to 75 minutes after exercise, with potential benefits lasting beyond this time frame. The study also suggests that exercise may synergize with therapy to deliver the most effective overall intervention.
The project will develop a better understanding of nuclear radiation by integrating recent mathematical developments into radiation transport modelling. This will lead to improved nuclear safety, cancer radiotherapy, and shielding for astronauts from cosmic rays.
The study explores how countries can reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 with continued economic growth through 2100. The results suggest that stringent public policies and rapid deployment of low-carbon technologies are necessary to achieve this goal, with the global economy projected to be five times its size in 2100.
Researchers have observed persistent swinging of electrons between atomic sites in crystals using ultrafast X-ray diffraction. The study reveals relocation of valence charge on the length scale of interatomic distances, paving the way for future studies of functional materials.
The Rule of Two method uses multiple measurements to collect reliable data, overcoming the limitations of single sine sweep techniques. This new approach will make it easier and faster to design rooms with optimal acoustic combinations, leading to better sound quality in various spaces.
University of Oklahoma astronomer Nathan Kaib found that distant long-period comets quickly fade away as they pass through the outer solar system near Saturn's orbit. This phenomenon occurs because the Sun's heating is too weak to evaporate water-based ice on these comets, making them invisible to astronomers' searches.
A study by Florida Atlantic University found that only 5.4% of individuals with opioid use disorder received treatment as part of their criminal justice involvement. The study also identified predictors of treatment access for justice-involved individuals, including demographics and substance use severity.
A machine-learning algorithm detected potential signs of colorectal cancer in high-risk patients who missed routine screenings. The algorithm identified patients as high-risk by analyzing age, gender, and recent CBC results, and subsequent screenings showed significant findings in 70% of the flagged group.
Researchers at LMU München experimentally refute Förster's resonance energy transfer theory, instead showing that light energy is transferred through molecular vibrations. This discovery has implications for the development of optical technologies and may revolutionize our understanding of energy transfer in molecules.
Research by University of South Australia found that knowing the 'right' people is crucial for securing a job, while African migrants often struggle due to systemic discrimination and racism. The study highlights the importance of anti-racism work and social networks in migrant labor market integration.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified a new antidiabetic substance that preserves beta cell activity and prevents high blood glucose in mice. This approach may prevent the exhaustion of beta cells and improve long-term diabetes treatment.
Researchers at Van Andel Institute have discovered a new, detailed molecular structure of PhyB, a vital photoreceptor in plants, which allows them to sense light and regulate their lifecycles. The findings may lead to breakthroughs in agricultural and bioengineering practices.
Behunin's project targets challenges in practical quantum computing by controlling noise and its impact on qubits. By manipulating sound waves, he hopes to quiet the noise that corrupts information stored in quantum computers.
Impact craters reveal insights into planetary bodies' evolution, structure, and composition. By studying impact craters on various planets and asteroids, researchers can determine the formation timeline of these celestial bodies and gain knowledge about their interiors.
Levi A. Garraway is being honored for his groundbreaking contributions to cancer research, including the identification of melanoma genes and development of precision oncology approaches. He has also championed parallel sequencing as a definitive approach to tumor genomic profiling, revolutionizing cancer treatment strategies.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2's spike protein is more stable and has a higher energy barrier for activation, allowing it to evade the human immune response. This difference in binding behavior contributes to its increased transmissibility and infectivity.
Researchers from Tohoku University used agent-based simulation to visualize consensus building around geothermal power plant development in Japan. The model demonstrated how diverse opinions of stakeholders converge to a consensus, with factors such as stakeholder attributes, locations, and influential individuals affecting opinion for...
A new multimodal eye scanner combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Raman spectroscopy enables the detection of molecular information in the internal structure of the eye. This technology aims to detect neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, at an early stage, improving treatment options.
Research at Clemson University reveals that flowers use UV-absorbing chemicals to create a 'bulls-eye' effect for pollinating insects, aiding survival. Plants adapt to different environments by producing varying amounts of UV-blocking or absorbing chemicals.
Researchers develop novel multiscale synthesis method for organic semiconductor materials, enabling color-tunable and high-performance white-light sources. The approach leverages weak intermolecular non-covalent interactions to form cocrystals, solid solutions, and core-shell microwires.
Scientists have discovered anticancer substances in kudzu roots and soy molasses that can fight cancer, especially when chemotherapy or surgery are dangerous. The isoflavonoids in these plant extracts mimic human estrogen and bind to free radicals, leading to various diseases including cancer formation.
Researchers have discovered that sand dunes in deserts can 'breathe' humid air, allowing microbes to persist deep inside hyper-arid sand dunes. This finding has significant applications in fields such as agriculture, food processing, and pharmaceutical research.
Researchers have provided a continuous look at the dramatic shift in glacial cycles, known as the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, using an ancient Arctic sedimentary record. The study reveals that three interglacial periods were warmer than previously thought, and there was a long-term drying trend during this period.
A new study published in Drug and Alcohol Review found that binaural beats are being used as digital drugs by over 30,000 people worldwide, with users primarily seeking relaxation and mood change. The survey also revealed that binaural beat listeners are more likely to be younger and report recent use of prohibited drugs.
Researchers assess development and performance of tailored approaches to fertilizer application in SSA, highlighting scalability and technical challenges. Solutions to overcome barriers to widespread adoption are outlined, including investment in soil capacity estimation and farmer-friendly digital tools.
A new study published in Ambio highlights the potential for tropical forests to provide food security in the face of a nuclear winter. Researchers identified 33 wild, edible plants and insects that could be cultivated or foraged in post-nuclear war conditions. These findings offer a new perspective on global food security and resilience.
A study published in Radiology found that COVID-19 pneumonia can lead to persistent lung damage detectable on CT scans even a year after symptoms appear. Persistent CT abnormalities were more common in older adults, male patients, and those with critical COVID-19 severity.
A significant proportion of youth with substance use and depression show early improvements in depression during treatment for substance use. Lower frequency of cannabis use at baseline is a predictor of early depression response. Both additional CBT or community treatment improved depression symptoms in those without an early response.
SourceElsevier·JournalJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·TypeExperimental study·DateMar 29, 2022
Researchers at Hiroshima University discovered that pathogenic mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, attach to and multiply within human red blood cells. This interaction may play a role in the spread of lung diseases like tuberculosis.
A new study examines the 'Programme for Results' scheme, a results-based financing package underpinning Ethiopian government's education reforms. It found that several aspects of the project were unfit for purpose from the start, including inadequate systems to measure results and overlooked groups of children with disabilities.
A research team has discovered a genetic sensor of blue light that regulates oil synthesis in industrial microalga, leading to double the microalgal productivity of oils. This finding has major implications for microalgae-based conversion of carbon dioxide to biofuels.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland shows that liquid biopsy can detect cancer mutations months before recurrent breast cancer is detected. This method uses biomarkers released by cancer cells in serum samples to assess changes in intratumoural heterogeneity and provide a more accurate clinical picture.
A study found that AI's sensitivity for detecting fractures was 91-92%, comparable to clinician performance. The technology has potential as an educational tool and 'second reader' to reduce misdiagnosis rates in challenging circumstances.
A new study from Vanderbilt University Medical Center found that 10-second videos of white blood cell motion can predict blood cancer relapse in stem cell and bone marrow transplant patients. The study showed that patients with high adherence levels and rolling along vessel walls were more than three times as likely to have a relapse o...
A new study sheds light on the destructive power of organized crime in international trade, using Mexico's sea cucumber population as a case study. The research reveals that over 100 metric tonnes of sea cucumbers were seized between 2011 and 2021, with an estimated value of $29.55 million.
Researchers found that maternal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity in early childhood predicts child somatisation at school age. The study highlights the importance of considering family trauma history in pediatric consultations to improve patient care.
A UCI-led study has found that early life adversity can lead to microglia dysfunction, resulting in abnormal stress responses later in life. The researchers discovered that microglial pruning of excitatory synapses during brain development is crucial for refining functional circuits and preventing aberrant stress responses.
A new treatment approach has been proposed for children with congenital muscle disorders, using inhibitors to improve muscle function and movement in mice with mutations in the RYR1 gene. The therapy targets genetic material overload caused by excessive enzyme production, leading to reduced access of genes to cellular machinery.
UC Santa Barbara geologists Melissa Scruggs and Frank Spera led an international team in publishing the first holistic account of the Tonga eruption, which devastated the nation on January 15. The eruption triggered massive tsunamis and atmospheric waves globally, with an ash plume reaching over 58 kilometers into the atmosphere.
A group of medical students from NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine conducted a meta-analysis on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients. They found that immunocompromised patients produced significantly lower antibodies after vaccination, with only a third achieving seroconversion after two doses.
Researchers at UT Southwestern identified a four-protein complex crucial for ribosome production, shedding light on the process of ribosome biogenesis. The findings may lead to new treatments for conditions like cancer, ribosomopathies, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that dysfunction in a key brain cell subtype contributes to chronic symptoms in Dravet syndrome. The study suggests that increasing expression of Nav1.1 in parvalbumin interneuron axon may be a viable therapeutic target for patients.
A POSTECH research team has developed a platform that can control and measure the properties of solid materials with light. This breakthrough enables the manipulation of quantum states in solids, which can be effectively used in quantum systems.
Research suggests that physically active individuals experience a milder form of COVID-19, with a reduced risk of hospitalization and death. Studies have found that physical activity can prolong vaccine effectiveness and boost the immune response, offering promising avenues for future research.
Researchers at Binghamton University discovered that orb-weaving spiders use their webs as extended auditory arrays to capture sounds, allowing them to detect prey and predators. The study found that the spiders can respond to sound levels as low as 68 decibels and localize sound sources with 100% accuracy.
A new study found that napping can positively affect preschool children's learning of letter-sound mappings and transfer this knowledge to reading unfamiliar words. The research suggests that naps may facilitate the acquisition and application of these fundamental literacy skills.
A new study found that non-medical first responders, such as police and fire departments, are associated with higher cardiac arrest survival rates. They initiated CPR in 31.8% of incidents and AED use in 6.1% of cases, leading to significantly improved chances of survival and hospital discharge.
Researchers have identified avocado meal as a safe and palatable fiber source for dogs, rivaling industry standards in digestibility and energy intake. The study found that persin levels were undetectable in processed meal, contradicting long-held concerns about avocado toxicity in pets.
Researchers have found a possible target for ALS treatment in astrocyte abnormalities. Astrocytes, a subtype of cells in the central nervous system, are involved in motor neuron death, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis. The study offers hope for developing new drugs to block this process.
Researchers at the University of Surrey have developed a new design for ultra-thin photovoltaic panels that absorbs over 65% of sunlight, outperforming previous records. The innovative honeycomb structure enables efficient light absorption from any angle, trapping light inside the solar cell and generating more energy.
Researchers at the University of South Australia have developed a novel approach to rubber recycling that repurposes end-of-life tyres into concrete for residential constructions. The study found that crumb rubber concrete is a safe, green alternative with higher impact resistance, toughness, and ductility compared to conventional conc...
A new brain-computer interface device has been found safe in a small study of people with ALS, allowing participants to communicate through text and perform daily tasks. Researchers have also developed a machine-learning decoder that enables independent computer control without eye tracking.
A new study published in Nature Immunology finds that B cells produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which blocks white blood cell production and reduces cardiovascular inflammation. This discovery may lead to new treatments for conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart failure.
Researchers developed an eco-friendly nano asphalt binder that significantly reduces energy consumption while minimizing vapours and greenhouse gas emissions during production. The technology can provide increased efficiency and reduce carbon production, with CO2 reductions of up to 15%, leading to significant environmental benefits.
Recent research reveals that mobile siRNAs play a crucial role in transgressive methylation in grapevine plants, influencing phenotypic changes in heterografts. The study demonstrates bi-directional small RNA transfers between graft partners, with preferential transfer of scion-derived smRNAs to the rootstock.
Researchers at CRCHUM discover that cell division in mouse embryos occurs asymmetrically, with cytokinesis primarily pinched from one side. This finding challenges traditional textbook views of cell division and may have implications for embryo viability and human fertility.
A new study found that integrating behavioral health into pediatric primary care at federally qualified health centers increases access, timeliness of care, and diagnostic rates of ADHD among diverse children. The model resulted in higher follow-up rates with behavioral health clinicians and reduced polypharmacy.
Researchers found a persistent 20% reduction in carbon dioxide seeping up from the ground during the spring of 2017, coinciding with intense drought and record-high Sierra Nevada snowpack. The study suggests that changes in Earth's hydrology due to climate change can impact volcanic emissions.