Researchers found that bean plants and other species evolved a predisposition for the symbiosis at least three times, supporting a long-standing theory. This biological trick allows plants to access atmospheric nitrogen, boosting crop yields.
A team of researchers led by Professor Hiroki Obata reconstructed the structure of prehistoric fishing nets from ancient pottery using X-ray CT. The study revealed a rich diversity in net-making techniques between regions and highlighted the importance of sustainability practices in ancient cultures.
A recent study from Japan explores ancient microbial life on Earth by analyzing iron-rich hot springs that mimic the chemistry of early oceans. Microaerophilic iron-oxidising bacteria were found to be dominant, using ferrous iron as an energy source before photosynthesis became dominant.
The Perseverance rover discovered chemical reactions involving minerals, water, and possibly organic material on ancient Mars. These findings suggest that conditions were favorable for life on the planet billions of years ago.
A new study suggests that ancient Martian rocks contain minerals and organic matter indicative of a habitable environment and potential biological processes. The discovery was made in the Jezero Crater's Bright Angel formation, which is considered a prime target in the search for signs of past life.
Researchers used ancient DNA and computer simulations to determine that migration of farming groups was the dominant factor in the expansion of farming, while cultural adoption by hunter-gatherers played a minimal role. The study found that the adoption of new ideas and practices did not significantly accelerate the spread of agriculture.
Scientists have discovered a new species of ancient whale, Janjucetus dullardi, from a 26-million-year-old fossil found in Victoria's Surf Coast. The discovery reveals a fast, sharp-toothed predator with a compact body and big eyes.
A new study uncovers a 4,000-year-old domesticated sheep infected with the ancient LNBA plague lineage of Yersinia pestis, suggesting a link between livestock and human infections. The discovery sheds light on how this deadly disease spread across thousands of years in Eurasia.
A recent study in Nature Geoscience offers important new insights into the hidden role of ancient groundwater beneath the ocean floor. Researchers found that fossil groundwater changed its composition after the retreat of the Fennoscandian ice sheet, becoming vulnerable to mixing with seawater.
Researchers Dr. Sharday Mosurinjohn and Dr. Richard Ascough critique the 'psychedelic mysteries hypothesis' in a new article, arguing that it relies on circumstantial evidence rather than solid historical scholarship. They advocate for responsible curiosity and a focus on living traditions to unlock psychedelic wisdom.
Researchers investigated the sustainability of ancient Roman concrete, finding that reproducing its recipe would require comparable energy and water, emitting similar CO2. However, Roman concrete's heightened durability might make it a more sustainable option due to reduced maintenance needs, potentially reducing environmental impact.
Researchers reanalyzed ancient honey residue from Greek shrine jars using modern techniques and determined its likely origin. The findings suggest the presence of ancient honey, but other bee products may also be present.
A study published in Comptes Rendus Géoscience refines understanding of ocean levels, coastlines, and ancient migratory corridors in Africa and West Asia. The research uses improved glacial isostatic adjustment modeling and DNA data to explore alternative land and sea routes into and out of Africa.
The discovery sheds light on the complex connections between ancient Maya and central Mexican civilizations. Archaeologists found artifacts indicating early contact between the two regions around AD 350.
Ancient sled dogs in Greenland have a rich history of Inuit migration and Arctic adaptation, as revealed by genomic insights. The study found that the Qimmit breed form a distinct clade with other ancient Arctic dogs, supporting a rapid Inuit migration theory.
Scientists have recovered a protein sequence from a fossilized tooth over 20 million years old, revealing new insights into the rhino family tree and its divergence from other species. This ancient find expands the timescale for recoverable evolutionary-informative protein sequences by ten-fold.
Research suggests that airport radar systems and military operations can inadvertently reveal our existence to potential advanced alien civilizations due to hidden electromagnetic leakage. Worldwide aviation hubs like Heathrow and Gatwick emit signals strong enough to be detected by telescopes up to 200 light-years away.
Researchers sequenced the oldest Egyptian genome from a 4,500-4,800 year-old individual, tracing ancestry to North Africa and the Fertile Crescent. The study provides genetic evidence of population mixing in ancient Egypt during this period.
A new study published in Science reveals that ancient squids were the most abundant swimmers in the ocean 100 million years ago, with over 40 new species discovered. The advanced fossil discovery technique allowed researchers to identify thousands of fossilized cephalopod beaks, providing key clues for studying squid evolution.
A newly discovered Tiwanaku temple in Bolivia provides new insights into the ancient society's highly organized structure and its connection to trade routes. The temple's layout suggests it was used for rituals following the solar equinox, and fragments of keru cups found on its surface point to its function as a central hub for trade.
Otago researchers have recovered ancient genomes from Papua New Guinea, shedding light on the genetic diversity of pre-colonial coastal communities. The study reveals that cultural groups did not intermarry for some time, suggesting a complex tapestry of different cultures and peoples.
A new study combines ancient DNA with dietary evidence and linguistics to paint a vivid picture of pre-colonial coastal communities in Papua New Guinea. The research highlights the influence of migrations and interactions on genetic makeup, supporting previous studies on the settlement of remote islands.
A new study reveals that rivers release around two gigatonnes of carbon each year, with over half coming from ancient carbon stores. This finding emphasizes the crucial part plants and shallow soil layers play in combating climate change.
A new AI program, Enoch, has been developed to analyze ancient handwriting styles and estimate the age of undated manuscripts. The program, trained on radiocarbon dating data, was tested on 135 Dead Sea Scrolls and found realistic estimates for approximately 79% of the samples.
A team of researchers from Washington State University has recreated the world's oldest synthetic pigment, Egyptian blue, used in ancient Egypt around 5,000 years ago. By studying the pigments' properties and variability, they have gained insights into how it was made and its potential applications.
Analysis of ancient proteins in fossilized tooth enamel reveals greater diversity within Paranthropus than previously recognized, suggesting multiple distinct species. The findings also support the presence of genetically distinct individuals, including one individual that appears to be part of a different Paranthropus group.
A new study analyzing ancient genomes from seven individuals in present-day Honduras provides insights into the genetic origins of the Classic Maya people and their population expansion or decline during the rise and fall of their civilization. The research contributes to our understanding of human history, population dynamics, and env...
Researchers developed a new method for extracting and identifying proteins from ancient soft tissues, providing insights into past lives and diseases. The technique identified over 1,200 ancient proteins from 2.5mg of sample, offering a window on human history.
New genomic evidence suggests that Borrelia recurrentis diverged from its tick-borne relatives and adapted to use human body lice around 6000-4000 years ago. This transition coincided with the widespread use of wool textiles by humans, leading to genome reductions and host specialization.
Researchers at Istanbul Galata University studied the history and architecture of Derinkuyu's ancient underground city to recreate its soundscape. The project aims to provide valuable information for scholars and inspire the design of future underground urban spaces.
Researchers discovered an ancient protein that can function in a mirror world, challenging the long-standing assumption that mirror-image proteins cannot bind to nucleic acids. The study found that a simple protein motif is capable of interacting with both natural and mirror-image nucleic acids.
Researchers analyzed personal names from archaeological findings to detect patterns of identity, openness, and change in ancient Hebrew societies. They found that the Kingdom of Israel had a more diverse naming landscape than Judah, indicating a more open and cosmopolitan society.
The study reveals that Phoenician culture spread primarily through cultural transmission and assimilation, with little direct genetic contribution from Levantine ancestors. Punic sites showcased a highly heterogeneous genetic profile, with individuals having both Sicilian-Aegean and North African ancestry.
The Curiosity rover has identified high concentrations of carbonate minerals, indicating a carbon cycle operated on ancient Mars. The findings suggest that large amounts of carbon dioxide were locked into the planet's crust, providing insights into the planet's past climate.
A new study led by Washington State University archaeologist Tim Kohler challenges traditional views that disparities in wealth emerged suddenly with large civilizations. The research found that wealth inequality started to increase roughly 1,500 years after the advent of agriculture, driven by population growth and competition for land.
Researchers found that ancient glaciers carved deep into the Earth's crust, releasing key minerals that altered ocean chemistry. This process created conditions that allowed complex life to evolve, with the influx of elements changing ocean chemistry at a critical time in evolution.
A Chinese rover has detected underground beach deposits on Mars, indicating the presence of an ancient sea that covered a significant portion of the planet. The deposits, which date back 4 billion years, were formed through wave action and sediment distribution, suggesting a long-lived body of water.
A Chinese rover has discovered underground beach deposits in an area thought to have once been the site of an ancient sea on Mars. The deposits, which are similar to those found on Earth, suggest that Mars had a long-lived body of water with wave action to distribute sediments along a sloping shoreline.
The Zhurong rover discovered hidden layers of rock under the Martian surface indicating an ancient northern ocean. This finding offers clear evidence that Mars once had a significant body of water and a more habitable environment for life.
Researchers at Ateneo de Manila University discover evidence of advanced seafaring and boatbuilding in the Philippines and Island Southeast Asia dating back to around 40,000 years ago. Microscopic analysis of stone tools reveals clear traces of plant processing, indicating a high level of technological sophistication.
Researchers from UCL and the University of Ljubljana conducted a systematic study on the smells of nine ancient Egyptian mummified bodies, identifying materials used in mumification and evolution of practices. The study also provides insights into how museums conserve remains and preserves their olfactory heritage.
Scientists from University of California San Diego use thermal release to extract water molecules from lunar rocks, revealing origin as either moon itself or comet impacts. The study provides valuable clues for NASA's Artemis program and future human settlements on the moon and Mars.
A report by Tel Aviv University highlights the establishment of new museums in Muslim countries, including Indonesia, Dubai, and Albania, which showcase the Holocaust and heroism. These museums provide a counter-narrative to antisemitic propaganda and promote education and awareness about the Holocaust.
A study by researchers at Helmholtz Munich has discovered that ancient viral DNA elements are re-expressed in mammalian embryos, playing a crucial role in early development. The activation of these elements is conserved across species and provides opportunities for manipulating thousands of genes simultaneously.
A new approach combines genomic and structural data to resolve deep evolutionary relationships, reducing the impact of saturation in traditional phylogenetic methods. This allows for more accurate trees that can inform disease research, vaccine development, and insights into complex traits.
Researchers have uncovered clay tablets with ancient cuneiform writing, game boards, and large structural remains at the ancient Mesopotamian site of Kurd Qaburstan in Iraq. The study sheds new light on literacy, urban development, and social inequality in this Middle Bronze Age city.
Researchers at Penn State's PSETI Center have been awarded a three-year, $480,000 grant to search for technosignatures from planets outside the solar system. The team plans to use novel laser and radio detection techniques to analyze patterns of humanity's deep-space radio transmissions as a baseline for understanding alien civilizations.
A new study combines science and history to uncover new insights into Greco-Roman medical practices. Researchers recreated Galen's 2nd-century CE dissections, clarifying discrepancies in the text and shedding light on the enduring influence of ancient medicine on modern thought.
A groundbreaking study by Bar-Ilan University reveals that ancient hunter-gatherers relied heavily on plant foods, particularly starchy plants, for energy. The findings contradict the prevailing narrative of animal protein-based diets and offer new insights into early human processing methods and social behaviors.
A new study from Tel Aviv University finds minimal environmental pollution resulting from ancient copper production in King Solomon's Mines, with pollution levels confined to smelting furnaces. Researchers also contradict previous claims of widespread industrial pollution, citing low levels of lead and other metals in soil samples.
Researchers create SciAgents framework to autonomously generate and evaluate promising research hypotheses in biologically inspired materials. The framework uses graph reasoning methods to organize relationships between scientific concepts, mimicking biological systems.
A new study warns that human civilization is poised for a significant transformation as industrial civilization declines, giving rise to a postmaterialist, clean energy-based system. Rising authoritarianism poses a threat to this transition.
Researchers studied ancient texts to understand how people in ancient Mesopotamia experienced emotions in their bodies. They found similarities with modern bodily maps, but also contrasting results, such as feelings of happiness being associated with the liver and feet, unlike modern humans who experience it in the hands.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University discovered clay cylinders with alphabetic writing from around 2400 BCE, upending previous knowledge of alphabet origins. The find suggests that people were experimenting with new communication technologies earlier than thought.
A novel method has been developed to infer DNA methylation patterns in non-skeletal tissues from ancient specimens, providing new insights into human evolution. The study found over 1,850 sites of differential methylation specifically in prefrontal cortex neurons, linked to genes crucial for brain development.
Researchers used ancient DNA to uncover novel signatures of adaptation in early Europeans, tracing genetic changes in response to lifestyle shifts. The study identified 14 regions of the genome that underwent significant natural selection, including traits related to vitamin D production and dairy digestion.
A USF study has confirmed the existence of hallucinogenic cocktails in ancient Egyptian fertility rituals, using a Bes mug as evidence. The concoction, flavored with honey and other ingredients, was likely used to induce dream-vision in magic rituals reenacting Egyptian myths.
New research links ancient Jomon hunter-gatherer genetic signature to higher body mass index (BMI) among individuals in modern Japan. The study found strong support for the tripartite ancestry model, suggesting a significant influence of Jomon ancestry on BMI across populations.
The study reveals that valuable diversity can arise after domestication, shedding light on crop evolution and breeding. The researchers detected 173 structurally complex loci with nearly identical tandem repeats and genes in the barley pangenome.
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests that 12,000-year-old stones from Israel may have been used as spindle whorls to turn fibers into yarn, representing a key milestone in the development of rotational tools including wheels. The stones feature a circular shape with a central hole, allowing them to rotate faster and more efficiently.