A study found that transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) screening missed over four times more cases of endometrial cancer among Black women compared to White women. The screening tool was not sufficiently accurate or racially equitable for Black women, putting them at a higher risk of false-negative results.
A study published in Journal of Thoracic Oncology found that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for primary lung cancer is associated with a lower risk of developing brain metastases. Researchers identified 1502 participants diagnosed with lung cancer between 2002 and 2009, where LDCT screening was detected versus other meth...
Researchers found a large number of macrophages migrate to the liver after resection, influencing cell growth and metabolism. The study revealed essential roles of macrophages in mouse liver recovery from massive resections.
A new study by UC San Francisco finds that individuals with HIV are more than twice as likely to die from sudden cardiac death due to fibrosis in the heart. The study also reveals that one-third of sudden deaths initially attributed to cardiac causes were actually caused by drug overdoses.
A new AI-based tool has been developed to predict genomic subtypes of pancreatic cancer using histology slides, offering a potential solution for patient molecular stratification. The tool, trained and validated on machine learning models, can be used in clinical practice worldwide.
The ACCOLADE study found that avacopan slowed C3 glomerulopathy progression by 20.6% in the placebo group but improved by 0.2% in the avacopan group, with patients with low eGFR benefiting from therapy. Avacopan also reduced proteinuria and increased eGFR in both groups.
Researchers developed an AI system, TOAD, that accurately predicts the origin of tumors in cancer cases with unknown primary sites. The model, trained on gigapixel pathology images, correctly identified cancer types and listed diagnoses as top predictions 96% of the time.
A new optical diffraction tomography technique allows for high-resolution imaging of thick tissue sections without chemical staining, increasing diagnostic speed and accuracy. The method has been demonstrated to visualize individual cells and multicellular tissue architectures with subcellular resolution.
Researchers discovered the complex body of Ramisyllis multicaudata spreads extensively in its host sponge's canals. The worm's stolons form a new brain and have their own eyes, allowing them to navigate when detached for fertilization.
A new registry study linked non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) to a 17-fold increased risk of liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD patients were also found to have a higher risk of other cancers, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and personalized screening strategies.
Research suggests that contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is concordant with MRI for staging in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer and breast augmentation. CEM was found to be effective in detecting additional cancers not identified by MRI, including two malignant lesions.
A study by University of Bristol Veterinary School has identified 27 breeds at higher risk of osteosarcoma due to their body size and shape. The research used data from over 1,700 confirmed cases, finding that dogs with shorter skulls and legs have lower osteosarcoma risk.
The LCMC3 study showed that neoadjuvant atezolizumab was well tolerated and met its primary endpoint, achieving a major pathologic response rate of 21% in patients without EGFR/ALK mutations. The therapy also showed high complete resection rates and low perioperative morbidity and mortality.
The Checkpoint Blockade for Inhibition of Relapsed Mesothelioma (CONFIRM) study demonstrated that nivolumab significantly improves overall and progression-free survival in patients with relapsed malignant mesothelioma. The treatment also showed a consistent safety profile without new adverse effects.
Researchers found that combining ipilimumab with pembrolizumab did not significantly improve overall survival or progression-free survival for patients with NSCLC. The combination was also associated with greater treatment-related adverse events.
Researchers developed a new method to classify brain tumors using RNA analysis, achieving high accuracy rates compared to traditional methods. The study found that this approach can identify patients with a worse prognosis and detect secondary glioblastomas not detected by other methods.
A computational method combining clinicodemographic variables and deep learning of pre-treatment histology images accurately predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade. The model, validated in an independent cohort, achieves high accuracy and can stratify patients into high versus low risk for disease progression.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals that prepubertal male and female rats exhibit distinct immune responses to infection, with males exhibiting a more severe inflammatory reaction. The researchers suggest that the X chromosome may play a key role in determining this difference.
Researchers have identified certain features of a patient's tumor that can predict whether axillary lymph node dissection is necessary, sparing women from disabling arm swelling. A UCLA study found over 40% of women with lymph node involvement at diagnosis have only 1-3 positive nodes at surgery.
A nationwide cohort study has confirmed that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased mortality risk, even in mild stages. The study found that patients with NAFLD had a 93% increased risk of all-cause mortality, driven primarily by deaths from extra-hepatic cancer and cirrhosis.
MarrowQuant, a new digital pathology software, can quantify bone marrow components in histological images without bias. The tool builds maps based on values to complement images, potentially re-examining historical sample collections and old clinical trials.
Studies presented at ESMO Virtual Congress 2020 show that immunotherapy improves overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with gastric and oesophageal cancers who have high PD-L1 scores. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy are shown to be beneficial for these patients, offering new treatment options.
A deep learning algorithm can quickly and accurately screen cancer patient biopsies for genetic alterations that inform treatment options and likelihood to respond to specific therapies. The study found detectable mutations in 13 out of 14 tested tumor types, including lung, colorectal, breast, and gastric cancers.
A new study led by Liliana Dávalos explores how coronaviruses interact with goblet cells in bats, which may hold the key to understanding why some bats are resistant to these viruses. The research aims to compare the differences between bat and human nasal tissues, with potential implications for preventing future pandemics.
Researchers at Lund University have used synchrotron light to create high-resolution 3D images of nerve fibers in diabetes. The study reveals that damaged nerve fibers grow back in a spiral pattern, leading to regenerative clusters. Understanding this process could lead to new treatment principles for diabetes-related nerve damage.
Researchers analyzed ATAC-seq data from 404 cancer patients to correlate chromatin accessibility with tumor characteristics, age, sex, and survival rates. The study found that chromatin accessibility on the X chromosome is strongly dependent on patient sex, but not on age or tumor stage.
A new AI model has been developed to classify colorectal polyps on histology slides with high accuracy, performing as well as practicing pathologists. The model was trained on a dataset from 24 different institutions and evaluated on an external dataset, demonstrating its generalizability.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University have created a minimally invasive technique to determine the sex of sea turtle hatchlings using small blood samples. This method is more reliable and efficient than existing methods, providing valuable insights into the impact of climate change on imperiled turtle species.
Researchers discovered that bones change shape in response to forces, curving to prevent fractures. The study used computational methods to monitor shape changes over an extended period, finding that the curving process needs to be highly targeted and can lead to a built-in warning mechanism.
Researchers developed an AI system that evaluates endoscopic mucosal findings in UC patients with accuracy equivalent to expert endoscopists. This may reduce the need for invasive procedures like biopsies, saving time and money for medical institutions.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a collapsible basket technology that aims to improve drug discovery and personalized medicine. The technology accelerates the analysis process by reducing the time-consuming step of retrieving cell and tissue samples for histological analysis.
A novel method combining optical imaging with artificial intelligence produces accurate, real-time diagnosis of brain tumors. The system, stimulated Raman histology (SRH), reveals tumor infiltration and enables surgeons to see predicted diagnoses in under two minutes.
Researchers from Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences studied two mid-sized, immature T. rex skeletons to understand the tyrant king's teenage years. The team found that the small T. rex were growing as fast as modern-day warm-blooded animals and underwent drastic changes as they matured.
Researchers found 13.6% of shore crabs infected with Hematodinium parasite, highest rates in spring and male crabs. Environmental DNA analysis revealed early stages of parasite development not present in crabs.
The assay has a clinically relevant 5-day turnaround time and can be conducted on as little as 20 ng genomic DNA. It requires minimum input of tumor DNA without the need for matched normal and is histology agnostic, addressing pre-analytical variability.
Researchers develop a new imaging technology that uses laser light to distinguish between cancerous and healthy tissues during surgery, potentially eliminating the need for secondary surgeries. This innovation has the potential to save time, money, and anxiety in cancer treatment, while also reducing the economic burden of healthcare.
The KEYNOTE-024 trial found that pembrolizumab significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients treated with pembrolizumab had a median overall survival of 26.3 months compared to 14.2 months for those on chemotherapy.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that gamification through online trivia quizzes enhances student motivation and collaboration in histology education. Students reported better understanding and performance when working in groups after participating in Kahoot-based quizzes.
Researchers at UTEP are studying Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in AIDS patients. The team aims to understand the fungus's entry into the brain and develop therapeutics to block this process and stimulate immune cells.
A team of researchers found a peculiar tooth composition in great white sharks and their relatives, which is similar to that of the fossil shark Palaeocarcharias stromeri. The shared tooth histology indicates that this small shark gave rise to one of the most iconic shark lineages.
A recent study by the University of Granada's Tissue Engineering Research Group has found that resident hospital doctors specialising in Family Medicine lack sufficient training on advanced therapies. The researchers also discovered a positive attitude among these doctors towards the use and application of such therapies.
Researchers have developed a new, 3D tissue imaging technique that allows for the study of cell details without cutting tissues. This enables better diagnosis and treatment for diseases like cancer by distinguishing between subtypes.
A new study reports that cervical adenocarcinoma incidence rates are increasing in non-Hispanic whites, particularly among women aged 40-49 and 50-59. This trend underscores the need for intensified efforts to improve screening utilization and HPV vaccination.
The Phase 3 REGENERATE study confirms obeticholic acid's effectiveness in treating NASH with liver fibrosis, improving fibrosis in almost one-quarter of recipients. The treatment also shows significant improvements in other histological markers of NASH, including lobular inflammation and hepatocellular ballooning.
Researchers found that some patients' skin areas return to normal as they age, eliminating mutant loricrin genes through somatic recombination. This natural process could lead to a new treatment method for genetic diseases like loricin keratoderma.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University and Texas Southwestern Medical Center developed AI-powered technology to identify melanoma cells with metastatic potential. The technology uses quantitative live cell histology to record video of cells and analyze their appearance and behavioral patterns.
A multidisciplinary team of researchers has developed a human induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) derived 3D organoid model for drug testing. The system demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy with doxorubicin and predicted clinical response to temozolomide, offering a more personalized approach to treating glioblastoma.
Patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated at academic centers had higher 2-year survival rates than those treated at community-based centers. The study found significant differences in survival outcomes based on facility type, histology, and molecular profile.
A recent study has identified 24 genes that are differentially expressed in rats with cerebral aneurysms compared to those without. These genes may enable the development of diagnostic biomarker tests for patients at increased risk of cerebral aneurysm formation.
A new biosensor allows researchers to track oxygen levels in real-time in organ-on-a-chip systems, making it possible to ensure that these systems mimic the function of real organs. The biosensor uses phosphorescent gel to emit infrared light and measure oxygen concentration down to tenths of a percent.
A new study suggests that obese patients in intensive care may have a lower risk of muscle wasting and a higher chance of survival compared to non-obese patients. The 'obesity paradox' refers to improved survival rates among critically ill individuals with obesity, potentially due to the adaptive response of the muscle to excess weight.
Researchers found that marmosets infected with the Zika virus during pregnancy experienced spontaneous abortion and neurological abnormalities in their fetuses. This study suggests that marmosets may be a relevant model for understanding the effects of Zika on fetal health.
A new study published in Journal of Clinical Oncology shows a four-year overall survival rate of 96 percent for patients with stage IV Wilms tumors with lung metastases, compared to 84 percent on the predecessor study. The approach resulted in sparing initial upfront lung radiation and reducing long-term risks for nearly half of patients.
A study found that budesonide add-on therapy improves biochemical markers of disease activity but fails to improve liver histology in high-risk patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Budesonide was shown to produce clinically meaningful improvements in serum alkaline phosphatase levels.
Patients with NAFLD achieved similar weight loss and normalized liver enzymes through a web-based lifestyle modification programme. The study suggested that the degree of weight loss was likely to have resulted in fibrosis regression.
A new study has reported a good correlation between an automated image analysis system and an expert reviewer for the identification of key markers of NASH disease activity in a pre-clinical model. The study used deep-learning algorithms applied to open-source pathology software (QuPath1) to accurately identify cell histology patterns ...
The POPLAR trial found that atezolizumab significantly improved overall survival compared to docetaxel in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Long-term overall survival benefits were observed across histology and PD-L1 expression levels.
New mouse studies show that tamoxifen and raloxifene improve cardiac, respiratory, and skeletal muscle functions while increasing bone density in muscular dystrophy models. The treatments delay or halt disease progression, reducing muscle pathology and inflammation.
Researchers developed nanoparticles to target liver sinusoidal endothelial cells with miR-20a, restoring normal behavior and reducing tumor growth. The study found an 80% reduction in liver metastasis caused by colon cancer, highlighting a potential complementary treatment strategy.
Researchers found that splenic leukocytes play a key role in resolving inflammation after a heart attack, coinciding with cardiac repair. The study highlights the need to investigate macrophage-derived specialized proresolving mediators in heart failure.