Articles tagged with Chemokines
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Researchers identified C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) as a key player in kidney injury and repair, with the molecule behaving both protectively and harmfully. The study suggests future drugs could target only its damaging effects, paving the way for more precise treatments for chronic kidney disease.
Researchers found that immature neutrophils migrate into inflamed tissues upon stimulation by interferon-γ, suppressing inflammation and reducing tissue damage. In humans, these cells also produce interleukin-10, which increases in the blood of COVID-19 patients.
Scientists developed a data science framework to understand how cells travel through the body by analyzing chemokines and G protein-coupled receptors. They found that specific positions in structured and disordered regions determine how these proteins bind, allowing for rational alteration of cell migration.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University discovered the role of A20 in suppressing chronic hepatitis by inhibiting the DCLK1-JNK pathway-dependent chemokines. In mice lacking A20 expression, hepatic stellate cells displayed spontaneous inflammation and increased chemokine levels.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified two chemokines, CXCL8 and CXCL16, expressed by osteosarcoma that improved CAR T-cell homing. Modified cells expressing these chemokine receptors showed enhanced infiltration into tumors, leading to prolonged survival in a model of metastatic disease.
Researchers at Universitatsklinikum Bonn have developed a novel technology to identify chemokine-producing cells and sensors, revealing that natural killer cells are the primary producers of Ccl3 during CMV infection. This discovery sheds light on the complex choreography of immune cells in defending against viruses.
Researchers discovered that immune cells create local gradients by consuming chemokines, guiding their movement and enhancing directional movement in complex environments. This finding increases understanding of coordinated immune responses and may reveal new strategies for targeting cancer
Researchers at ISTA discovered that immune cells actively shape their environment by consuming chemokine signals, allowing them to generate their own guidance cues. This dynamic regulation enables collective migration of immune cells and has significant implications for enhancing immune response coordination.
A large study found that fully vaccinated individuals have lower concentrations of inflammatory markers than unvaccinated participants after symptomatic COVID-19 infection. This suggests that vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality by reducing elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines.
Researchers have created a bacterial 'suicide squad' that targets tumors and attracts immune cells to destroy them. The engineered E. coli bacteria release their contents when they reach a quorum inside a tumor, triggering an immune response.
Researchers have identified a new class of 'good autoantibodies' that neutralize chemokines, reducing inflammation and promoting a favorable disease course in patients with long Covid. The discovery is linked to a lower risk of prolonged symptoms and a milder illness.
A study found that elevated blood levels of chemokine CXCL9 predict the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in men. Researchers discovered a significant association between CXCL9 and hip fractures in a cohort of Chinese men, highlighting the potential for early interventions targeting CXCL9 to prevent hip fractures.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine discovered that chemokines can form DNA-bound nanoparticles that induce chronic, dysfunctional immune responses. This new mechanism may play a central role in autoimmune diseases such as scleroderma and lupus, where inflammation goes awry.
Researchers found that CXCL9 levels were higher in pre-fracture blood samples of Chinese men with subsequent hip fractures, improving the prediction of osteoporotic hip fracture risk in men. In contrast, no association was found between CXCL10 and hip fracture risk in either gender.
A recent review article highlights the crucial role of macrophages in the progression from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study suggests that targeting specific signaling pathways and altering macrophage activation can prevent renal fibrosis and CKD. Therapeutic strategies such as clodronate liposomes an...
Researchers at Kyoto University have discovered the skin's natural protection from nighttime bacterial invasion in mice, which may provide a basis for developing a drug treatment. The team found that epidermal CXCL14 is produced in a circadian rhythm-dependent manner, providing antimicrobial function against Staphylococcus aureus.
Researchers investigated the effects of treatment with exogenous Humanin G on inflammation markers in AMD and normal retinal cells. The study found reduced levels of inflammatory proteins in AMD plasma and treated cybrids, highlighting the positive effects of Humanin G.
Researchers from NTU and NUS found a link between NAFLD and blood vessel damage, leading to increased risks of cardiovascular diseases. High levels of chemokines attract immune cells into blood vessels, causing inflammation and damage.
A recent study by Monash University found that tick saliva proteins, called evasins, can be modified to block the activity of important proteins in human inflammatory diseases. The study identified the structural basis of chemokine recognition and establishes a foundation for engineering evasins.
A new bilateral tumor model was demonstrated to be useful for investigating the relationship between T-cell repertoire and cancer immunotherapy's therapeutic effects. The study found that T-cell profiles of both tumors were almost identical, indicating a similar anti-tumor response in a single mouse.
Researchers found that adding tomato concentrate to a mouse's diet reduced intestinal and systemic inflammation in individuals with chronic HIV. The study suggests targeting the inflamed intestine may be a novel way to prevent persistent inflammation.
A study by Kanazawa University researchers found that the chemokine CCL3 plays a significant role in inducing inflammation as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease develops. The presence of CCL3 increased liver macrophage accumulation, leading to liver inflammation and scarring.
A study published in Allergy reveals the importance of PU.1 transcription factor in regulating CCL17 gene expression, which contributes to allergic diseases. The research found that suppressing PU.1 can reduce inflammation in asthmatic mice, paving the way for novel treatments.
Eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in destroying malignant tumors by recruiting T-cells and releasing destructive proteins. The study, published in Cancer Research, reveals that eosinophils combat cancer effectively but require the help of T-cells to do so.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital uncover key factors that enable immune cells to survive in tumor environments, including the chemokine CXCL16. This understanding may lead to more effective immunotherapies for cancer patients.
Researchers created an inflammatory clock of aging (iAge) using deep learning to predict multi-morbidity, frailty, and immune health. The tool identifies a modifiable chemokine associated with cardiac aging and provides a target for interventions.
Researchers at Université de Genève and University of Basel study the structure of cellular receptors and molecules that activate immune cells. They discovered a 'lock and key' mechanism involving specific amino acids in chemokine structures, allowing for fine-tuning of immune system activation.
Researchers have designed and synthesized short chains of amino acids that function like minimized soluble chemokine receptors, blocking atherosclerosis in animal models. These peptides selectively inhibit pathways underlying the disease while sparing beneficial physiological processes.
Researchers at the University of Sydney have successfully synthesized evasins, a type of anti-inflammatory protein found in tick saliva, which can suppress chemokine-driven inflammation in human diseases. The proteins show great promise in treating lung inflammation in respiratory illnesses like COVID-19.
The Temple research team will investigate the mechanism by which HIV infection leads to greater sensitivity to pain and reduced effectiveness of opioid therapeutics. The study aims to understand how chronic inflammation promotes cross-desensitization of opioid receptors, resulting in elevated pain sensitivity.
A new study identifies CD40 as a key entry point for two dangerous bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Blocking the interaction between CD40 and superantigens may represent a universal strategy for preventing life-threatening illnesses.
This special issue of Viral Immunology delves into the intricacies of viral brain infection, focusing on immune responses such as IFNα/ß signaling and chemokine CXCL10. Research reveals the importance of astrocytes, brain-resident memory T-cells, and chemokines in protecting against encephalitic viruses.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have found that CCL17 influences signal transmission in the brain and may be linked to autism. The chemokine is mainly produced by neurons in the hippocampus, a structure involved in tasks such as orientation and memory formation.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have developed an RNA aptamer that specifically targets CCL17, blocking its interaction with T cells and dendritic cells. This approach shows promise for treating contact allergies by reducing inflammatory responses in mice.
A viral protein in the chickenpox virus enhances its ability to hijack white blood cells and spread throughout the body. The protein interacts with chemokines to attract more white blood cells to the site of infection, allowing the virus to spread to other parts of the body.
A systematic analysis of chemokine interactions reveals two structural types with different functional effects on inflammation. The study identifies potential therapeutic targets using specially designed peptides that selectively inhibit atherosclerosis and acute inflammation.
Research suggests that anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the CCL2 chemokine may be effective in treating epilepsy. The study highlights the link between inflammation and epileptic seizures, providing a potential new target for anticonvulsant therapy.
Researchers at UTMB discovered a key mechanism behind developing allergic asthma and seasonal nasal allergies after exposure to airborne pollens like ragweed. The study found that neutrophils, white blood cells, attract in response to allergens, trigger inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways.
The study reveals that one chemokine binds to just one receptor in the CXCR4-chemokine complex and that the contacts between the receptor and its binding partner are more extensive than previously thought. This new information could aid the development of better small molecular inhibitors of CXCR4-chemokine interactions.
A study found that mice lacking CXCR3 had reduced beta-amyloid plaque formation and attenuated behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The research suggests that activating the CXCR3 receptor could be an effective approach to treating AD.
A study has identified two subsets of Lyme disease in patients with acute infection, characterized by varying levels of immune system molecules. Patients with high mediator levels experience more severe symptoms and are at higher risk of developing post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. The findings may help doctors predict which patien...
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center have discovered a new signaling pathway linked to IL-1 and IRF1 in sterile inflammation. This discovery offers insight into the role of IRF1 in producing chemokines and recruiting immune cells, potentially leading to new treatments for autoinflammatory diseases.
Scientists at EMBL found that cells in a zebrafish embryo determine their direction by erasing the path behind them and creating a self-generated chemokine gradient. This finding could have implications for development, cancer, and metastasis.
Researchers have discovered that a small protein chemokine called CCL26 plays a crucial role in the development and severity of asthma. CCL26 induces a greater migration of eosinophils in asthmatic airways compared to healthy volunteers, making it a potential target for new treatments.
Transplant researchers at Pitt School of Medicine found that chemokine receptors are not necessary to start the rejection response. Instead, dendritic cells identify antigens and present them to the recipient's immune system, leading to organ rejection.
Researchers at IST Austria found that immune cells follow gradients of guidance cues, which are bound to the tissue, to navigate through the skin. The cells use a mixed strategy, combining sensing of soluble and insoluble cues, to find their way back to lymphatic vessels.
Researchers discovered a process that turns off key pathway required for immune system to attack foreign bodies, preventing maternal immune rejection of the developing fetus. Epigenetic modifications in decidua cells silence chemokine genes, inhibiting T cell recruitment and immune response.
Researchers have identified a new HIV-suppressing protein called CXCL4, which binds to the outer coat of the virus and prevents it from entering human cells. This discovery may provide new insights into treating and preventing HIV disease progression.
Lactocepin, an enzyme produced by Lactobacillus paracasei, selectively interrupts inflammatory processes in diseased tissue by degrading chemokines. This mechanism shows promise for developing new approaches to prevent and treat chronic bowel diseases.
New research at the Weizmann Institute shows how blood vessel cells 'hide' signals from immune cells, only allowing those with special training to cross. This selective barrier prevents certain immune cells from reaching tumors near blood vessels.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine found that traditional Korean medicine SCRT treatment alleviates asthma-like pulmonary inflammation via suppression of specific chemokines or proteins. The study, published online in Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, suggests a potential mechanism for reduced inflammation.
A new clinical test that predicts lupus flares has been licensed for development, providing patients and physicians with a crucial tool for managing the disease. The test, which measures chemokine levels in blood, may help reduce corticosteroid exposure and prevent flare intensity.
Researchers have identified CD99 as a potential new drug target for Ewing sarcoma. A novel type of cellular senescence has also been found to suppress prostate tumorigenesis. Additionally, the protein USAG-1 has been linked to the development of Alport syndrome, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach.
Researchers have identified several cytokines that increase significantly prior to rheumatoid arthritis disease onset, indicating immune system activation. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent disease progression and improve quality of life for patients.
A new study found that increased levels of specific cytokines and chemokines can predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) up to three years before symptoms appear. The study identified key biomarkers, including IL-17, which were significantly higher in individuals who went on to develop RA compared to controls.
A gene variant found only in people of African ancestry increases the risk of becoming infected with HIV-1, but those who carry it may live up to two years longer after infection. The variant affects a protein on red blood cells that is also involved in protecting against malaria.
Researchers found that lymphoid chemokines, which guide immune cells to lymph nodes and spleen, are reduced during active immune responses, potentially leading to transient immune suppression. This discovery could help explain why the immune system is less effective at responding to secondary infections after an acute infection.
Researchers reveal that specific physical and chemical cues guide CD8+ T cells to sites of activation in the lymph node. This discovery provides insight into the fundamental behavior of the immune system and suggests new approaches to vaccine strategies.
Researchers found that bird flu virus H5N1 induces higher levels of pro-inflammatory proteins in human lung cells compared to the human flu virus H1N1. This imbalance can lead to severe lung inflammation and may explain the severity of avian flu virus infections.
Researchers found that chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 induce DC maturation and enhance T-cell proliferation. Mice lacking these chemokines showed partially activated DCs, highlighting their crucial role in full maturation and proper T-cell activation.