Articles tagged with Human Microbiota
Phoebe Lin's research establishes a gut-eye association in animal models, finding that certain interventions can enhance Tregs and decrease eye inflammation. Her five-year grant will investigate how intestinal microbes and the immune system can be rebalanced to treat uveitis.
A study found a strong correlation between the number of microbial enzymes that can degrade plastic and local levels of plastic pollution. Researchers analyzed environmental DNA samples from around the world and discovered over 30,000 enzyme homologues with potential to break down various types of plastics.
A new study links the composition of gut microbiome before infection to HIV susceptibility and progression. Men who contracted HIV in the early days of the pandemic had a greater relative abundance of pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory gut microbes, which contributed to their increased risk of developing AIDS.
Studies in mouse models found that maternal immune activation can alter brain development and lead to autism-like behavioral symptoms. The research also revealed a link between maternal microbiome changes and offspring's susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, with increased IL-17a production by T cells.
A study found that long-term cannabis smokers have increased levels of Actinomyces meyeri in their saliva, which correlates with the length of cannabis use. This bacterium was shown to decrease activity and increase beta-amyloid production in mice, suggesting a link between oral microbiome disruption and brain health.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology found a significant increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among girls and young women in western Kenya, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers attribute this rise to increased stress-related changes in the vaginal microbiome.
A Rutgers study found that COVID-19 saliva testing kits with a preservative can accurately measure the oral microbiome, which may lead to new treatments for lung health in people with COVID-19. The study collected saliva samples from participants and compared their ability to measure microbes before and after COVID-19 infection.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute have developed a microfluidic Organ Chip device that accurately models cystic fibrosis lung airway pathology. The model replicates key pathological hallmarks, including mucus layer changes and inflammatory responses, providing a comprehensive preclinical human model for investigating new therapies.
A new Dartmouth-led study found a direct association between the infant microbiome and early childhood behavioral health, with sex-specific differences. The study characterized the species of microbes present in each participant's gut and their functions, establishing that microbiome changes occur before behavioral changes.
Researchers developed an integrated framework combining single-cell and metagenomics to characterize microbes. The approach showed higher accuracy and precise binning, revealing more bacterial genera and intra-species diversity.
A study examining ancient calculus samples from skeletal remains in South Tyrol and Trentino discovered previously unknown species of microorganisms. The researchers found that the diversity of oral microbiota decreased significantly over a short period of time, likely due to changes in diet and lifestyle.
Research found that human gut bacteria resist Vibrio cholerae attacks using various strategies, including polysaccharide capsules and self-killing mechanisms. The study suggests a potential for designing T6SS-shielded probiotic strains to restore defective colonization barriers.
Studies found distinct patterns in nasal microbiota of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, with symptomatic patients showing reduced bacterial counts and increased presence of certain bacteria. The findings suggest that altered microbiota may impact immune response to the virus.
Researchers suggest that protecting the microbiome is crucial in preventing and fighting off infections with harmful, drug-resistant bacteria. By preserving a healthy balance of beneficial microorganisms, individuals can reduce their susceptibility to these types of infections.
Researchers at Rice University are developing novel computational approaches to track environmental microbiome dynamics over time, across species and after perturbations. The team will use biofilm-based 'species abundance networks' on scaffolds to observe how they form their own genome-exchange networks.
Researchers created a polymer coating that releases Lasioglossin-III, an AMP with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, targeting specific infectious bacteria and preventing airway complications. The coating demonstrated significant antibacterial activity and prevented bacterial adherence to the tube.
Reconstruction of ancient oral microbiomes from the Upper Paleolithic to the Neolithic Periods in Southern Europe reveals a significant expansion of microbial species with the transition to agriculture. The studies sequenced ancient DNA from dental calculus, finding a dominant Anaerolineaceae species that diversified geographically.
Navdeep Kaur Brar has been awarded the IADR John A. Gray Fellowship to support her research on antibiotics and microbiome impact. The $10,000 fellowship aims to provide training and experience in dental or related research.
A global network of microbiomes reveals that only six 'relatives' (or seven 'steps') separate any two microbiomes on Earth, indicating a common origin. The study also sheds light on the interactions between microbes in different ecosystems and their responses to climate change.
A study published in Cell found that a 10-week fermented-food diet increased gut microbiome diversity and decreased molecular signs of inflammation in healthy adults. The diet, which included foods like yogurt and kimchi, also showed stronger effects on immune cells and inflammatory proteins.
Scientists are using AI to investigate how gut bacteria interact with the human immune system, aiming to enhance vaccine response. They hope to find definitive cause-and-effect relationships between the microbiome and immune response.
Researchers are exploring how environmental molecules can be used to engineer 'designer' microbiomes for combating disease, pollution, and more. Contrary to expectations, their experiments revealed that competition between microbial species hampers diversity within the community.
Scientists have discovered dramatic differences in gut microbiomes between ancient North American peoples and modern industrialized populations. The analysis of human paleofeces from dry caves reveals novel species of microbes and higher numbers of transposases, which may help microbes adapt to changing environments.
A study published in Nature found that ancient people's gut microbiomes were more diverse and had fewer antibiotic-resistant genes compared to modern populations. The research suggests that a more diverse diet and lifestyle may have contributed to this difference.
A new study reveals that Neanderthals and ancient humans adapted to eating starch-rich foods as far back as 100,000 years ago. This early adaptation likely helped pave the way for the expansion of the human brain due to the glucose in starch, which is the brain's main fuel source.
A new study reveals that the oral microbiome of ancient humans and Neanderthals is surprisingly similar, with some bacterial strains shared between species. The analysis of fossilized dental plaque also suggests that early humans consumed starch-rich foods, potentially contributing to brain evolution.
Researchers found selective patterns of antibody reactivity to microbiota flagellins among Crohn's disease patients, with augmented serum IgG antibodies to Lachnospiraceae flagellins. These findings suggest a potential target for prognosis and personalized therapies in Crohn's disease.
Dr. Blaser recognized for groundbreaking research on the human microbiome and its relationship to diseases such as asthma, obesity, and cancer. His work has had a far-reaching impact on medicine and patient care, particularly in the areas of infectious disease and COVID-19.
A study examined how seed microbiomes of canola are assembled, finding that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. The researchers discovered a core microbiome in all seed samples with potentially beneficial microbes like Pseudomonas spp., which promote plant growth.
Research found that antibiotics like streptomycin did not significantly impact the apple leaf microbiome, contrary to previous concerns. The study's findings suggest that geographical location plays a larger role in shaping bacterial composition than management strategy.
Two independent studies on apples and oil pumpkins reveal that beneficial microorganisms are passed down to future generations, influencing plant traits. The global 'core' microbiome is shared among apples worldwide, with regional variations indicating adaptation to local environments.
The Vilcek Foundation has launched a digital celebration to recognize the 2021 Vilcek Foundation Prizewinners. Four scientists from diverse backgrounds are being honored for their groundbreaking contributions to biomedical science and creative promise in filmmaking.
Researchers sequenced fecal samples from over 180 species, revealing nearly 1,000 previously unknown microbial species. The dataset provides insights into the functional roles of gut microbiota across animals with diverse adaptations.
The research findings reveal that a novel microbial small molecule from Streptococcus mutans promotes biofilm formation via an unprecedented physicochemical mechanism. This discovery highlights the significance of secondary metabolism in mediating critical processes related to dental caries development.
Mohamed Abou Donia, a Princeton University professor, has made significant contributions to understanding the role of the microbiome in host health and disease outcomes. His work involves mapping microbiome-encoded genes involved in drug metabolism, revealing the potential for harnessing these molecules to treat human diseases.
A study by Virginia Tech researchers reveals that a specific bacterium in mom's milk can educate an infant's antibody response, potentially strengthening their immune system. The findings suggest that probiotics could be used to protect infants from enteric infections and autoimmune diseases.
Scientists have identified a range of microbiome species never before detected in human milk, which change significantly between early and late lactation. These bacteria are thought to protect the infant gastrointestinal tract and improve aspects of long-term health, such as allergy prevention and toxin resistance.
Research ties oral health issues to systemic diseases like type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and heart disease, highlighting the importance of a healthy mouth. Regular brushing, flossing, and dental cleanings can prevent oral diseases and promote overall well-being.
A Northwestern University study found that bacteria on used toothbrushes reflect microbial communities in the mouth and skin, not the toilet. The research, published in Microbiome journal, suggests that microbes from the human body are transferred to toothbrushes through saliva and other bodily fluids.
A new study identified novel metabolites and specific gut bacteria distinguishing healthy from food-allergic twin pairs. The research found that certain bacteria, such as Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Ruminococccus bromii, played a protective role against food allergies.
A study has found that certain types of mouth bacteria are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in non-smokers. The findings suggest that a wider range of bacterial species is linked to a lower risk, while specific types like Firmicutes and Spirochaetes may contribute to heightened risk.
Researchers have developed a new definition of sustainability that recognizes the interdependence of living beings and their wellbeing, expanding the concept to non-human species and their needs. This new approach has wide-ranging applications in fields such as landscape planning and urban greenspace design, aiming to enhance human-wil...
A new cost-effective technique, PNA clamps, has been developed to study non-bacterial plant microbiomes. This method allows researchers to detect thousands of sequences from rare microorganisms that were previously undetectable.
Researchers analyzed seven Da Vinci drawings using Nanopore sequencing, finding a dominance of bacteria over fungi, with many exhibiting human or insect microbiomes. The study also identified human DNA, likely introduced by restoration workers, and correlations with geographical location.
Researchers found that an immune protein in squid controls the movement of immune cells to deliver nutrients to bacteria, influencing daily rhythms. This discovery could provide clues on factors affecting human microbiome rhythms and has implications for understanding symbiotic systems.
Researchers discovered that single-celled eukaryotes like microalgae can control microbiomes by secreting unusual small molecules, maintaining host survival and ecological success. This finding paves the way for future research into climate change and understanding of evolution.
Researchers found that feeding C-section newborns their mother's feces in breast milk builds a healthier gut microbiome, similar to those born vaginally. The babies' immune systems mature rapidly after receiving the fecal microbiota transplant, suggesting a potential reduction in asthma and allergy risk.
Greg Caporaso, director of the Center for Applied Microbiome Science, has been awarded a $3.75 million grant by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to build software capable of analyzing and archiving data focused on the interplay between the human microbiome and diverse types of cancer.
The review highlights the need for clear scientific and pharmaceutical standards when developing live biotherapeutic products. Key challenges include ensuring quality, demonstrating safety, and evaluating efficacy. The PRI's publication provides a framework for stakeholders in microbiome-based product development.
Researchers at Princeton University have discovered a small molecule named Streptosactin, which exhibits fratricidal activity in the human microbiome. This is the first time a small molecule has been found to kill its own kind.
Researchers developed a sensitive and specific early warning system for predicting NEC using stool microbiome features combined with clinical and demographic information. The pilot study showed optimal performance from a gated attention-based multiple instance learning approach.
Researchers found significantly less microbial diversity and richness in humpback whales' respiratory microbiota during the return leg of their migration, suggesting they were likely in poorer health. This study provides new insights into using airway microbiota as a non-invasive method for monitoring whale health.
Researchers have comprehensively described the human tissue virome atlas using next-generation sequencing technology. They detected 39 viral species in somatic tissues from 547 individuals and found associations between virus infection and human gene expression and disease onset.
Researchers at Oregon State University have found that the order of microorganisms colonizing plants has a significant impact on microbiome composition and disease susceptibility. This discovery could provide farmers with important tools to combat plant diseases and maintain crop diversity.
Scientists discovered that Staphylococcus epidermidis interacts with the immune system to promote wound healing and prevent inflammation. The study's findings may lead to therapies for conditions like atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel diseases, affecting millions worldwide.
A new study found that certain gut bacteria, such as Blautia obeum, can deactivate the disease-causing mechanisms of Vibrio cholerae, preventing it from colonizing the intestines. Increasing levels of this bacterium in the gut may provide a natural defense against cholera.
A team of researchers has discovered a species of gut bacteria that can affect cholesterol levels in humans. The discovery could lead to new therapeutics, such as probiotics or enzyme delivery to the gut, to help people manage their blood cholesterol levels.
A Rutgers-driven proposal to create a 'microbial Noah's ark' is feasible and should move forward into a pilot project phase, according to a new study. The Microbiota Vault would gather beneficial germs from human populations with uncompromised microbiomes to address global health problems caused by modern society.
A study found that revegetated urban green spaces have more native plant species and greater microbiota diversity, similar to natural environments. This can lead to improved immune function and reduced non-communicable diseases. Urban design principles could be influenced by the environmental microbiome to create healthier public spaces.
The June 2020 issue of Journal of Dental Research explores the latest research on the oral microbiome, highlighting rapid progress in understanding its dynamics. The papers cover topics such as analyzing microbial communities, cultivating species, and their connections to oral health conditions like cancer and diabetes.