Articles tagged with Radiation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A low-cost, portable dosimetry system using radiochromic film and a smartphone can provide immediate on-site readings for radiation exposure. The system is practical for personal preparedness in mass-casualty events and costs less than USD$70.
A recent study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres confirms that lunar observations can accurately capture Earth's outgoing radiation, revealing its global radiation fingerprint. The research team used spherical harmonic functions to filter out local weather noise and extract planet-scale dominant signals.
A case report describes a woman with radiation-induced cellular changes in her Pap smear that mimicked cancer recurrence. The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing these changes to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary medical procedures.
Researchers developed a comprehensive model of luminous black hole accretion, including radiation flows and interactions with surrounding gas. Their simulations reproduce consistent behaviors across various black hole systems, providing insight into extreme nonlinear processes.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that shorter courses of androgen deprivation therapy can effectively control prostate cancer without increasing risks. The ideal duration of ADT depends on cancer risk, allowing for more personalized treatment plans.
A study from Bielefeld University reveals that the solar system is moving more than three times faster than predicted by current models. This deviation was detected using data from radio galaxies, which emit strong radio waves and can penetrate dust and gas.
Researchers found that heat transfer values increase dramatically at distances less than ten nanometres, exceeding theoretical predictions by a factor of one hundred. This phenomenon challenges current understanding of heat transfer in the nanometre range.
A study found that stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) after prostate surgery is safe and effective in preventing cancer recurrence, with low side effects and manageable treatment. The results suggest SBRT may be a faster and simpler option for men at risk of recurrent prostate cancer.
Researchers investigated the luminescence characteristics of Eu-doped CaF₂ crystals under alpha and X-ray irradiation. They found that the ratio of Eu²⁺-induced emission to Eu³⁺-induced emission varies depending on the radiation type, with differences in light color potentially used to identify radiation types.
Researchers developed a genomic model to tailor radiation doses to individual patients with HPV-positive throat cancer. The study found that higher scores on the Genomic Adjusted Radiation Dose (GARD) model were associated with improved survival outcomes, even when patients received the same radiation dose.
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that nearly 4 million children and adolescents were at higher risk of developing blood cancers due to radiation exposure from medical imaging. The researchers estimated that up to 10% of pediatric blood and bone marrow cancers may be attributable to radiation exposure.
Researchers developed a device that uses Rosaceae plants' infrared radiation characteristics to create adaptive camouflage for various wavelengths. The device achieves simulated plant-like infrared camouflage and ultra-low emissivity infrared stealth.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine have developed a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Delivering radiation therapy that preserves tumor-draining lymph nodes followed by immunotherapy resulted in a complete and durable tumor response in...
Researchers at National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology developed a technique to decompose polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into gaseous products using electron beam irradiation. This process reduces energy required by 50% compared to traditional methods, making large-scale recycling of fluoropolymers more viable.
A novel deep learning approach estimates TOA shortwave radiation using DSCOVR/EPIC satellite images, overcoming traditional challenges and improving accuracy. The method is validated against established CERES data products with a high correlation rate.
Researchers used an experimental technique called annealing to rescue a damaged camera on NASA's Juno spacecraft, offering lessons for other space systems that experience high radiation.
A team of researchers are studying the reproductive traits of Japanese tree frogs living in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, to understand how radiation affects their survival. Their findings suggest that radiation can disrupt genetic pathways associated with sperm motility, potentially altering reproductive success.
The BABAR-ERI satellite will measure outgoing broadband radiation with low uncertainty and high spatial resolution, helping unlock new scientific discoveries about clouds and energy flow. The instrument's novel detector arrays and pushbroom imager will provide flexible observing strategies and easier access to space.
Researchers have made the most sensitive direct measurement yet of the 12C(12C,a0)23Na reaction down to an excitation energy of 2.22 MeV using a HOPG target and intense carbon beam. The results represent the highest sensitivity achieved for this channel, with a thick-target yield on the order of 10−17 per incident carbon ion.
Researchers developed stable MXene-coated contact lenses providing enhanced protection against electromagnetic radiation. The lenses exhibited a rapid temperature rise when exposed to microwave heating, indicating strong EMR absorption and dissipation.
Researchers review clinical and scientific advances combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy to strengthen the immune response and improve disease control. The approach may offer new treatment options for patients facing hard-to-treat forms of bladder cancer.
A new framework for assessing traumatic brain injuries (TBI) will provide more accurate diagnoses and treatments, leading to better patient outcomes. The framework incorporates clinical symptoms, biomarkers, imaging scans, and modifiers to determine the severity of injury and predict recovery.
The researchers calculated that the universe will decay via Hawking-like radiation in approximately 10^78 years. This time frame applies to white dwarf stars and neutron stellar black holes, both of which take the same amount of time to evaporate. The findings contradict previous estimates and shed new light on the theory of relativity.
The University of Texas at Arlington's nursing and physics team has developed a system to study alpha radiation, improving the effectiveness of radiation therapy. The team's research was recognized with the Best in Physics award at the American Association of Physicists in Medicine's annual meeting.
Researchers developed an intelligent autonomous robot capable of automating hospital disinfection processes through dual disinfection system, increasing efficiency and precision. The robot's performance was validated through real-world testing, reducing the risk of infection in hospitals.
A research team from the University of South China has developed a novel algorithm to optimize radiation-shielding design in nuclear reactors. The algorithm, based on a reference-point-selection strategy, efficiently solves many-objective optimization problems and provides optimized shielding solutions for new types of reactors.
Current computed tomography (CT) imaging may lead to up to 103,000 future cancers over a patient's lifetime. If practices persist, CT-associated cancer could account for 5% of all new diagnoses annually.
Scientists successfully fermented miso on the International Space Station, discovering differences in bacterial communities and flavor profiles compared to Earth-made miso. The study's findings suggest that food fermentation can thrive in space, opening up new possibilities for astronaut well-being and performance.
The University of Texas at Arlington has been awarded a $1.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation to train scientists in space physics and data science. The grant will also enable UTA to create a specialization in space physics for students pursuing a Bachelor of Science in physics.
Researchers developed an aspirin-containing hydrogel that mimics the nutrient-rich fluid between cells, accelerating healing of radiation-induced skin injuries in animal models. The new salve could provide rapid wound healing for humans with minimal side effects.
A team from City University of Hong Kong has designed a compact hybrid transmission and scanning electron microscope that can operate at room temperature, offering high-resolution imaging capabilities without cryogenic temperatures. The new system reduces radiation damage to samples and provides improved image contrast using pulse elec...
Researchers at the University of Plymouth have discovered that administering a HDAC6 inhibitor prior to radiotherapy can inhibit cellular growth and increase cell death in meningioma samples. This promising approach could lead to improved treatment outcomes for malignant meningioma patients.
A study by the University of Gothenburg found that women with triple-negative breast cancer and high immune cell levels have a lower relapse risk after surgery. This suggests that these patients may not need chemotherapy, despite having faster-growing tumors and higher relapse rates than other breast cancers.
Researchers at UNC-Chapel Hill have found that tardigrades can increase DNA repair genes' production in response to radiation, making them more resilient to damage. This discovery could lead to new ideas on protecting other animals and microorganisms from damaging radiation.
Researchers at MIT and LBNL created a simplified array of four pixels in tetromino shapes to detect radiation direction, achieving accuracy comparable to large expensive systems. The design reduces engineering costs while improving performance for handling multiple radiation sources.
Two new Review articles explore AI's application in early cancer detection, highlighting its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve treatment selection. The articles emphasize the need for a robust, multi-disciplinary approach to integrate AI into medicine.
A Northwestern University study found ChatGPT's responses to radiation oncology patient questions were on par or exceeded professional society answers. The AI technology aims to empower patients before and after seeing physicians, while also reducing clinician burnout.
A new AI tool can predict which breast cancer patients are at risk of chronic arm swelling after surgery and radiotherapy. The tool, developed by international researchers, uses machine learning algorithms to analyze patient data and provides easily understandable explanations for doctors and patients.
The Juno spacecraft has directly measured charged oxygen and hydrogen molecules from Europa's atmosphere, providing key constraints on the potential oxygenation of its subsurface ocean. The findings suggest that oxygen is continuously produced in the surface ice shell, with an estimated 12 kg per second, which could support habitability.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center find that microglia can trigger cognitive deficits after radiation exposure, potentially targeting them for therapy development. Mice studies showed that blocking a specific pathway in microglia prevented cognitive decline, offering hope for improving patients' quality of life.
A recent study explores the complex links between surface temperature and outgoing longwave radiation, uncovering hidden mechanisms shaping Earth's climate. The research reveals that vertical convective energy transport acts as an atmospheric mixer, suppressing nonlinearity between OLR and surface temperature.
A multinational study of almost one million individuals found a strong association between exposure to radiation from CT scans in young people and an increased risk of blood cancers. The study confirms that the benefits of computed tomography outweigh the risks, but emphasizes the need for strict radiological protection measures, parti...
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed an AI algorithm to measure muscle development in children using MRI scans. The tool provides a standardized growth chart, allowing clinicians to track muscle mass and detect signs of sarcopenia or low lean muscle mass, enabling early intervention to prevent negative effects.
Researchers have proposed using quasiparticles to create ultra-bright light sources, mimicking the properties of particles moving faster than light. These potential light sources could revolutionize fields like non-destructive imaging, computer chip manufacturing, and scientific research.
Researchers found persistent inflammation in intestines of patients 20 years post-radiotherapy, even with targeted treatments. This could lead to chronic symptoms like tenesmus and frequent diarrhea.
The UK and Japan partnership aims to develop new technologies for detecting and processing radioactive waste. Researchers will focus on improving inspection technologies using hyperspectral imaging and exploring calcined clays as natural resources to engineer 'geopolymer binders'.
Researchers at the University of Manchester are enhancing bioprinting technology to create new skin, bone, and tissue for transplantation in space. The project aims to protect astronauts' health from diseases like osteoporosis caused by microgravity exposure.
Gallium oxide-based flash memory device demonstrates high performance and stability in extreme temperatures and radiation, retaining data for over 80 minutes. The team aims to improve device properties through further material quality and design advancements.
Research tracking nuclear industry workers' deaths suggests prolonged low-dose ionising radiation exposure increases solid cancer mortality by approximately 52% per unit of radiation absorbed. The study's findings should inform current rules on workplace protection from low-dose radiation.
Researchers found that hospitals treating a higher volume of patients with aggressive prostate cancer have better outcomes, indicating a possible association between expertise and resource availability. Further investigation is needed to understand the specific causes behind this relationship.
A better way to wirelessly charge over long distances has been developed, utilizing the phenomenon of radiation suppression. The research shows high transfer efficiency, over 80 percent, can be achieved at distances approximately five times the size of the antenna.
A new study from Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Atrium Health Levine Cancer Institute highlights improved outcomes for patients treated with preoperative SRS, particularly in rates of tumor recurrence, meningeal disease, and adverse radiation effects. The two-year cavity local recurrence rate was 13.7%, the two-year meni...
Researchers confirm Stephen Hawking's theory that black holes will eventually evaporate through Hawking radiation. New findings suggest gravity and spacetime curvature cause this radiation, affecting all large objects in the universe.
Researchers developed a drug treatment that inhibits YTHDF2, improving results of radiation therapy and preventing progression of distant metastasis. The treatment also prevents the "bad-scopal" effect, where radiation causes distant tumors to metastasize.
A multidisciplinary team led by Hong Chen successfully induced a torpor-like state in mice using ultrasound, which also worked on rats. The researchers found that stimulating the hypothalamus preoptic area with ultrasound activated neurons and induced changes in body temperature and metabolism, allowing for the preservation of energy.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham are studying how humans can live and operate on Mars, simulating conditions using a unique facility 1.1 km below the surface. The project aims to investigate biomedical procedures for treating tissue damage in space crews.
Researchers at Florida State University have developed organic-inorganic hybrid materials that can improve image quality in X-ray machines, CT scans, and other radiation detection technologies. The new materials emit light within nanoseconds, allowing for better imaging and higher resolution and contrast in images.
Researchers discuss the importance of biomarkers in breast lump management, enabling patients to make informed decisions between proactive treatment and watchful waiting. The development of biomarkers could provide personalized risk assessments and guide treatment strategies for women with breast lumps.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Cancer Center have made a breakthrough in treating pancreatic cancer by combining radiation and immunotherapy. The treatment eradicates tumors while stopping the cancer from spreading, offering new hope for patients. Clinical trials are planned to further develop this therapy.
The guideline provides guidance on definitive local therapy options for non-small cell lung cancer with limited extracranial metastases. It emphasizes the need for a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to treatment decisions.