Eric Vejerano's NSF-funded project will explain how sunscreens form persistent free radicals, how long they last, and how seawater affects their behavior. The goal is to develop safer sunscreen formulations that protect people and marine ecosystems.
A new learning mechanism uses natural variability in neural activity to understand how synapses adapt and improve the learning capabilities of brain-inspired devices. The mechanism, called Spike-based Alignment Learning, solves the weight transport problem and matches the performance of existing approaches without unrealistic assumptions.
A University of Minnesota Medical School research team has been awarded $6 million to develop new treatments for people with severe mental health issues, including thoughts of suicide. The research focuses on cognitive flexibility, which can help individuals adjust to changing situations and improve their mood and overall wellbeing.
Young children's brains are designed to explore and learn through experience, as their working memory system is still developing. This allows them to absorb as much information as possible about the world, making them more resilient to changing circumstances.
A new brain atlas reveals that neurons build their identity in the first hours of life, rather than inheriting it from their parent cells. The atlas, which mapped nearly 250,000 fly brain cells, shows that neuronal identity is established through a flexible, modular system involving different DNA switches and regulatory proteins.
Research among 9/11 responders reveals that brain's reward processing plays a key role in building resilience after trauma, with highly resilient individuals showing distinct neural responses to positive emotions. This finding supports the potential use of positive emotion-based interventions to prevent or treat PTSD in trauma-exposed ...
Researchers at Harrington Discovery Institute have identified a biological mechanism that may explain why obesity relapse occurs and how it is passed down through generations. They found that obesity creates a lasting biological change in fat cells that keeps the hunger hormone asprosin elevated, even after weight loss, and that this s...
A University of Washington-led research team discovered well-preserved fossil feathers in a dinosaur coprolite, which could provide insight into why some birds survived the mass extinction. The feathers have features similar to modern birds' feathers, including a sponge-like center, and may have played a role in the extinction event.
Researchers found that spatial patterns in pathology slides can identify patients at greater risk of pancreatic cancer recurrence after treatment. AI-enabled analysis measured tissue shape, fragmentation, and cancer-stroma intermixing to predict disease-free survival.
Researchers identified a previously unrecognized form of inherited retinal degeneration caused by a specific EFEMP1 gene variant, primarily affecting peripheral retina and rod photoreceptors. The disease can begin before visible retinal damage and may go undetected for a considerable period due to relatively preserved central vision.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new approach to brain imaging that enables continuous monitoring of brain activity and disease progression for over 24 hours in freely moving mouse models. The cloud-based miniaturized microscope, CloudScope, allows scientists to access live imaging data remotely, providing a more ...
SUNY Cortland students are participating in research internships at fisheries across New York, led by USGS grants and partnerships with other institutions. The internships provide hands-on experience, skills in field and lab techniques, and opportunities to network with professionals and graduate students.
Researchers identified cellular and molecular differences in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) mice, including abnormalities in neural connections and reduced oligodendrocytes, which may contribute to fine movement impairments. The study provides insights into the condition and potential future treatments for children with POSA.
The Gibbs Foundation has established a $4.5 million endowment for lung research at the University of Louisville, fueling groundbreaking respiratory disease research. This gift supports the advancement of ex vivo lung perfusion technology and improves patient care for acute and chronic respiratory conditions.
A new case report describes a 68-year-old woman with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma who developed severe hemolysis after receiving pembrolizumab, despite a negative Coombs test. The patient's hemoglobin declined from 11-12 g/dL to 6.4 g/dL, and laboratory markers of hemolysis improved with corticosteroid treatment. The case highlights th...
NY Creates is part of a collaboration to advance high NA EUV lithography and transition to larger 6-by-12-inch mask format, enabling single-exposure printing of larger chip areas. This initiative aims to strengthen the industry's capabilities and support next-generation semiconductor innovation.
A new NIH-funded study in Michigan aims to reduce cannabis use during pregnancy and improve health outcomes for mothers and infants. The study, led by Dr. Alyssa Vanderziel, will develop and test a digital intervention combining electronic screening and brief intervention with tailored text messaging to encourage behavior change.
A new study by researchers at Rice University and Michigan State University introduces a five-dimensional Disciplinarity Scale to measure scientists' affiliations, revealing that disciplinary affiliation often changes over time. The study found that scientists tend to have broader affiliations the longer they've been out of graduate sc...
A PSU study reveals how individuals navigate, survive, and attempt to exit homelessness in Multnomah County. The study highlights the importance of supportive relationships and opportunities in overcoming homelessness.
Researchers at Rice University are conducting a national survey to measure the frequency of foreign influence in US academia, exploring tactics such as coercion, deception, and intellectual property theft. The findings will inform policy recommendations to balance security with international collaboration.
A study found that infants expect caregivers to comfort crying babies, and that this expectation is associated with the mental health of mothers. Infants as young as 6 months old showed surprise when caregivers ignored their crying, but not when they were comforted.
Scientists have identified a pathway in liver cells that may explain how statins could help prevent or slow the development of liver cancer associated with fatty liver disease. Statins reduced levels of GGPP, a molecule that helps activate Rho GTPases, proteins involved in regulating a cell's internal structure and signaling.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a new technique to visualize the coupling between neuronal activity and oxygen delivery at the cellular scale. This breakthrough could have profound implications for studying neurodegenerative disease, stroke, and other conditions connected to neurovascular coupling.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains difficult to treat with immunotherapy due to its ability to evade the immune system. The study aims to understand how immune cells recognize leukemia cells without relying on HLA, with the goal of developing HLA-independent immunotherapies.
A new study found that aging significantly limits the ability of support cells in the retina to be reprogrammed into new neurons, a discovery that has important implications for the future of regenerative medicine. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, also found that inflammation and decreased ce...
The Surinam toad uses its fingertips to detect prey in low-visibility environments, with a sensory system that processes signals from unusual lobes on the frog's front fingers. This unique system, found in only a few animals, allows the frog to accurately detect prey without relying on vision.
Binghamton University receives $500K grant for 'brain-on-a-chip' project to advance dementia research. The project will establish advanced imaging and electrophysiological analysis infrastructure for studying living brain tissue models.
Researchers found that wastewater testing can effectively identify Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacteria that causes chlamydia, in Washington state. The study's findings could help public health agencies better respond to increased spread of STIs, which are notoriously underreported.
Researchers have identified two new genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare disease affecting respiratory and other systems. The discovery provides a new diagnostic tool and potential targets for treatment, improving understanding of cilia function and disease progression.
A new scoring system developed by researchers at Upstate Medical University can help identify patients at high risk of intramyocardial hemorrhage after a heart attack, guiding treatment and monitoring. The system uses explainable artificial intelligence to predict patient risk in real-time, allowing doctors to make informed decisions.
Researchers at Wayne State University will investigate how air pollution levels in Detroit accelerate biological aging and impact metabolic and cognitive health. Preliminary studies show that BTEX exposure impairs cognitive function and metabolic health in preclinical models.
Researchers found that AI-generated images can improve species identification and biodiversity monitoring when real images are limited. However, the synthetic images were less effective than real images overall, highlighting the importance of community science and real-world observations.
Glacial lakes in the Alaknanda Basin are multiplying and expanding, posing a significant risk of devastating floods. The study highlights the need for continued monitoring and assessment to mitigate the impacts of climate change on the region.
Researchers at Stony Brook University have developed an intermediate nitrification/denitrification bioreactor that achieves high levels of nitrogen removal while maintaining low levels of organic material. The design uses wood chips to enable successful denitrification and reduce component system size, lowering costs.
Researchers at Stony Brook University propose a new method for preparing resist materials for advanced lithography using existing infrastructure and materials. Inorganic-infiltrated polymer hybrid thin films exhibit improved properties, including high optical absorption, etch resistance, and resolution. This development route is expect...
This technology leverages predicted occupant counts to optimize HVAC control, accounting for misprediction costs to minimize energy consumption. By updating thermal states and misprediction distributions, the system achieves weighted occupant thermal comfort while minimizing total expected misprediction costs.
Salk Institute researchers have discovered a novel pathway that links chronic interferon II exposure to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to immunosuppression and enhanced tumor growth. By blocking prostaglandin E2, they found a viable target to restore immune system function and combat immunotherapy resistance.
Researchers at Stony Brook University propose a technology to electrochemically enhance ocean alkalinity without seawater pretreatment, reducing costs and increasing carbon offset quality. This approach enables 'negative emission' carbon offsets and has significant implications for ocean carbon capture and net-zero goals.
A new study reveals that childhood chemotherapy can cause DNA damage in healthy tissues, including the liver, leading to increased health risks later in life. The research, published in Science, found that platinum-based chemotherapy drugs can 'age' children's healthy cells, causing DNA changes similar to those seen in adult tissues.
Researchers developed asymmetric charged vesicles to improve drug entrapment and delivery. These vesicles allow for different charges on the inside and outside, maximizing drug loading and reducing side effects.
Stevens researchers propose a 'digitized' laser pulse approach to control quantum systems with lower intensity, enabling precise control without unwanted multiphoton processes. This method could benefit quantum sensors, computers, and simulators, as well as molecular physics and spectroscopy.
Researchers found no association between strength training and increased risks of ventricular arrhythmia for people with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. A retrospective review of 355 participants showed that endurance exercise was associated with a higher risk of ventricular arrhythmia compared to strength training.
Researchers call for stronger implementation science in global education to close the gap between research discoveries and real-world practice. A four-stage framework is proposed to turn educational research into effective, equitable practice at scale, emphasizing testing across diverse populations and settings.
Researchers found that chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin and carboplatin can leave characteristic mutations in healthy liver tissue of children, potentially increasing the risk of future cancers. The study used advanced sequencing technology to detect mutations in non-cancerous tissues from pediatric cancer patients.
Ancient DNA analysis reveals genetic diversity in woolly rhinoceros fossils from mid-latitude Eurasia, contradicting the traditional Siberian origins theory. The study shows that the species' greatest genetic diversity arose in East Asia, while the Altai region served as a refugium and dispersal hub.
Rivers worldwide deliver nearly 263,000 tons of microplastics to the ocean annually, with 96% coming from the Global South. Heavy rainfall events can increase microplastic transport, particularly in regions with high plastic use and poor waste management, posing a climate-sensitive pollution threat.
Generative AI is changing the development pathway for software developers, reducing opportunities for hands-on experience and trial and error. The study found that senior developers are increasingly using AI to handle tasks previously assigned to junior developers, making it difficult for juniors to gain expertise.
Researchers designed a dynamic covalent assembly strategy to co-deliver multiple hydrophobic drugs to inflamed joints. The system efficiently loads two complementary drugs and exhibits accelerated drug release under acidic pH, reducing serum levels of inflammatory markers and restoring cartilage architecture.
In vivo immune cell engineering allows for direct genetic modification of immune cells in the body, enabling more efficient and accessible CAR-T-cell therapy. The approach overcomes the limitations of traditional ex vivo cell manufacturing, such as long manufacturing times and high costs.
Researchers developed a dynamic covalent assembly strategy to overcome drug delivery hurdles in osteoarthritis. The system efficiently loads two complementary drugs into hyaluronic acid carriers, achieving high encapsulation efficiencies and accelerated drug release under acidic pH.
Viologen-linked covalent organic frameworks (Vio-COFs) exhibit permanent positive charges, reversible redox activity, and extended π-conjugated frameworks, enabling precise control over charge distribution and electron-transfer pathways. Their unique properties make them suitable for advanced functional materials applications in energy...
A study analyzed the largest dataset on CO₂ budgets of northern peatlands, finding that lower water tables increase CO₂ emissions in response to rising temperatures. Higher water tables, on the other hand, reduce this effect. Rewetting drained peatlands is crucial for mitigating temperature-driven CO2 emissions, as the climate changes.
A team of researchers developed an efficient, few-shot learning approach to construct a large-scale light-trapped insect dataset, achieving 79.6% average precision and 85.87% top-1 accuracy in classification. The proposed pipeline improved label quality and annotation efficiency by 80% compared to manual labeling.
The BepiColombo mission has provided unprecedented measurements of Mercury's particle bombardment, revealing a wide area affected by highly energetic particles. The planet's magnetic field and atmosphere play a crucial role in protecting it from these particles, which generate X-ray radiation and provide insights into Mercury's evolution.
ESMO has launched a funding program to support academic clinical research aimed at optimizing cancer care pathways. The program will fund studies addressing treatment optimization, streamlined delivery, and patient-centered care, with a focus on improving patient outcomes and healthcare sustainability.
Researchers developed a biodegradable metal-polymer composite stent that outperforms traditional stents in a 5-year clinical trial involving 1,108 patients. The stent's polymer coating reduces inhomogeneity of degradation but increases corrosion rate, leading to faster degradation and later device fracture.
The institute will develop two Prometeo projects to create new chiral materials and enzyme-inspired catalysts for energy and catalysis. The projects aim to harness chirality to tune chemical reactivity and selectivity, with potential applications in energy, catalysis, and pharmaceutical industries.
A new model forecasts subway passenger destinations and travel times one day ahead by analyzing multi-time-scale patterns in rider behavior. The model outperforms widely used forecasting methods, enabling subway operators to better plan train schedules and manage congestion.
A new saliva-based assay rapidly and accurately assesses flavivirus immunity by measuring multiple antibody classes in saliva. The test can distinguish between individuals with polytypic dengue virus immunity and those who have previously experienced both dengue virus and Zika virus infections.
A study by UC Irvine psychologist Paul Piff found that drivers of expensive vehicles were more likely to cut off other cars and engage in aggressive behavior. The research also showed that wealthier individuals were more likely to take candy meant for children.