Researchers have discovered a new mechanism underlying the control of gene expression in all living organisms. Transcriptional pausing by RNA polymerase provides a 'roadblock' to help regulate gene expression levels, which could aid our understanding of antibacterial drugs and future synthetic gene design.
Researchers identified 24 candidate genes associated with monogamy in vertebrates, including heightened expressions of those involved in neural development, synaptic activity, learning, and memory. This suggests a putative gene expression signature common to some vertebrate species.
The Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology has unveiled a new web-based tool called ORTHOSCOPE, which quickly analyzes genomic data to estimate gene trees and identify sets of ancestral genes. This allows researchers to infer gene functions and understand species evolution.
The study discovered fractal characteristics in gene expression, enabling the prediction of gene-to-gene interactions. This knowledge can help scientists engineer cells to perform specific tasks, such as drug delivery for cancer treatment.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience found a large-scale association between molecular gene expression activity and neural responses to speech in toddlers with autism. The researchers identified widespread gene expression activity across the genome, which was linked to whole-brain neural response to speech.
New research presents promising results from preclinical studies using gene therapy to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders. Gene therapy has been successfully used to slow disease progression and improve symptoms in mouse models.
Young adults exposed to cannabis during adolescence show altered brain structure and gene expression related to psychosis risk. The study suggests that adolescent cannabis use can induce long-term changes in brain cells and gene networks, potentially increasing psychiatric vulnerability.
Researchers found a new mechanism by which small snoRNAs regulate the splicing process of host genes, ensuring proper protein production. This breakthrough discovery opens a new avenue of research into gene expression and has implications for understanding diseases like cancer.
Researchers have successfully boosted expression of the dystrophin gene to therapeutic levels in large animal models, a crucial step towards developing a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The study demonstrates that CRISPR/Cas9 approaches can improve muscle function and integrity in DMD patients.
Osaka University-led scientists created integrated gene logic-chips called 'gene nanochips' to control gene expression and program cells. These nanochips can switch genes on and off within a single chip, preventing unintended crosstalk.
Gene therapy using optimized AAV to deliver human factor VIII showed substantial hFVIII expression and no detectable antibody response in cynomolgus macaques. The results suggest that AAVhu37-based gene therapy has the potential to advance to clinical trials for treating hemophilia A.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins and Insilico Medicine discovered novel epigenetically silenced genes in ovarian cancer, including methylation of the GULP1 gene. GULP1 expression is associated with late-stage disease and poor overall survival, suggesting its potential as a biomarker.
Researchers used a PET tracer to identify differences in ER expression across metastases and surrounding normal tissue in breast cancer patients. The study found that approximately 50% of patients had one or more estrogen-receptor negative lesions, highlighting the heterogeneity of ER expression.
Gene expression analysis of blood samples from 15 kidney transplant recipients revealed that the most robust gene expression changes occurred in the first day following transplantation. A comparison between living donors and deceased donor groups identified 11 genes that may play a key role in kidney repair and regeneration.
Researchers found that nanoplastics caused damage to the DNA and cell membranes of mussels, leading to oxidative stress and changes in gene expression. The study highlights the potential long-term consequences of consuming mussels contaminated with nanoplastics.
Researchers found that variants of the LOXL1 gene are associated with increased levels of the protein, which clogs the outflow pathway and causes high pressure in the eye. The long non-coding RNA lncLOXL1 regulates the gene's expression and is thought to contribute to the disease progression.
The publication demonstrates the company's technology induces efficient and precise in vivo gene editing using homologous recombination, a natural DNA correction pathway. This early academic research translated into a scalable process for genetic medicines development.
A new study found that structural rearrangements in regulatory regions can significantly alter gene expression in cancer. Researchers analyzed 1,448 cancer cases and identified hundreds of genes affected by these changes, surprising previous expectations.
INTS13 is a master regulator of gene expression during monocytic differentiation, promoting lineage-specific genes and cell fate determination in hematopoiesis. Depletion of INTS13 disrupts monocytic/macrophagic gene activation, highlighting its indispensable role in monocytic maturation.
A new molecular imaging method allows early assessment of gene therapy success, potentially improving treatment for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The PET reporter gene/probe system enables noninvasive monitoring of gene expression in all brain areas.
Scientists at RIKEN have identified a key mechanism by which plant genes are regulated in response to light. The research found that blue light triggers a shift in the start site of gene expression, allowing plants to carry out photosynthesis and grow.
Researchers have identified a critical non-coding DNA element regulating the Sox9 gene, crucial for male sex development. Deleting this enhancer results in sex reversal in mice, shedding light on the genetic mechanisms underlying sex determination and potentially improving diagnosis for patients with differences in sex development.
Researchers at Hiroshima University found that space-like gravity affects the process of gene expression in muscle cells, leading to slower muscle development. DNA methylation is a key player in regulating muscle cell differentiation, with potential targets for treating skeletal muscle atrophy identified.
Juhyun Lee is using a new $251,000 grant from the American Heart Association to explore targeted delivery of messenger RNA to reverse damage caused by congenital heart disease. His goal is to modulate mechanical forces and reduce gene expressions to stimulate heart growth or healing.
Researchers found that mechanical cues contribute to the regulation of gene expression during early development. External pressure can activate or restore the expression of a crucial developmental regulator gene, brachyury. This mechanism is conserved across species, including zebrafish and fruitflies.
A genetic 'dial' controlling body size has been discovered in pigs, with decreased size observed at varying levels of gene expression. The study found that pigs with normal gene expression were average-sized, while those with one copy expressed had a 25% reduction and those without any expressed had a 75% reduction.
Research findings show that PD-L1 expression facilitates immune escape in medulloblastoma patients. The study identifies subgroup-specific variations in PD-L1 expression and its relationship with therapeutic responses. Immune adjuvant therapies may be necessary to fully realize the benefits of PD-1 blockade treatments.
A Danish-German research team has identified a novel long non-coding RNA, A-ROD, that enhances the production of specific proteins with involvement in cancer. The RNA functions as a lasso that brings transcription factors to specific sites in DNA to enhance gene expression.
A naturally occurring gene variation affecting women's body fat distribution puts them at significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The discovery could lead to the development of drugs targeting this specific gene variation.
Researchers at EPFL discovered that the circadian clock orchestrates gene expression by regulating chromatin structure, affecting protein synthesis and physiological processes. The study found that promoter-enhancer looping oscillates along the 24-hour cycle, controlled by the circadian clock.
A team of University of Tsukuba researchers uncovered the essential role of a specific gene region in regulating blood pressure homeostasis. By deleting certain regions of the renin gene, they found that one particular region, known as -5E, plays a crucial role in the basal expression of the gene.
Researchers mapped gene expression levels to understand how mutations affect traits, finding non-linear relationships that aren't proportional to the level of mutation. This discovery helps improve prediction accuracy for diseases like cleft lip and palate.
A large-scale study analyzing over 1.6 million data points found that environmental exposures, such as air pollution, have a greater impact on gene expression related to respiratory diseases than genetic ancestry. The research used big data to uncover the environmental factors behind diseases and inform strategies for prevention.
Researchers at Penn State revealed new insights into the 'magic spot' molecule that controls gene expression in bacteria under stress. The study provides clues about key processes that could be targeted in the search for new antibiotics and contributes to fundamental understanding of bacterial adaptation and survival.
An international team of scientists developed models to predict post-mortem interval based on tissue-specific gene expression changes. Changes in gene expression can be used to determine the time of death with considerable accuracy, potentially aiding forensic analyses.
Researchers found that Rev-erb controls gene expression in mouse liver via interactions between on-and-off regions on the same chromosome. The study demonstrates how Rev-erb represses transcription by loosening chromosome loops, leading to circadian repression of transcription.
A recent study found that tRNA fragments in mosquitoes can modulate their ability to transmit viral diseases to humans. The researchers identified 55 tRNA-derived fragments with varying expression patterns across different strains and developmental stages.
A novel chip-based gene expression tool has been developed to analyze RNA levels in cancerous tissue samples quickly and accurately, while preserving spatial information. The technique allows for the analysis of entire tissue samples and identification of cancer cells in under two hours.
Gene expression in specific cells and regions provides a more precise, neuroprotective approach than traditional treatments for neurological diseases. Increasing cholesterol synthesis gene expression in astrocytes of the spinal cord can repair nerves affected by walking in multiple sclerosis patients.
Kansas State University researcher Anna Zinovyeva is studying microRNAs to understand their role in regulating gene expression, with potential breakthroughs for human health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The $1.8 million grant will support her lab's exploration of new leads in microRNA regulatory activity.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism to reactivate gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells without causing DNA damage. The new pathway involves enzymatic oxidation of the methyl group attached to cytidine, converting it into 5-formylcytidine, which is then rapidly converted back into unmethylated cytidine.
Differences in gene expression between non-small cell lung cancers from African-Americans and European-Americans suggest racial disparities in NSCLC biology. The study identified distinct patterns of gene expression involved in stem cell biology and invasive behavior in African-American NSCLCs.
The new Connectivity Map includes over 1.3 million gene expression profiles from multiple cell lines treated with chemical or genetic perturbations, enabling the study of small molecule and gene function. This expanded resource accelerates drug discovery efforts by predicting how small molecules work and discovering compounds with spec...
Researchers identified specific gene expression patterns in women who appear younger than their chronologic age, suggesting that genetic changes may slow down skin aging. The study revealed accelerated changes in pathways related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and senescence with increasing age.
Researchers uncover DNA methylation marks that silence genes in corn, impacting trait expression and breeding. The study improves understanding of non-Mendelian inheritance mechanisms, shedding light on the disappearance of desired traits in crops.
Researchers at Osaka University have found a key gene responsible for the development of male and female traits in an ancient crustacean. The study reveals how this gene, doublesex1, is expressed differently in males and females, leading to distinct sex-specific characteristics.
RefEx is a web tool for comfortable search of reference data in gene expression analysis. It offers extensive collection of gene expression data from human, mouse, and rat tissues/cells measured by four different methods, enabling comparison of gene expression status among tissues/cells and measurement methods.
Researchers analyzed gene expression changes in tendon tissue of male and female subjects aged 20-24 and 54-70. The study found opposite effects on genes expressed in males and females with age, highlighting the importance of considering gender differences in treating tendon disease.
Scientists have discovered two new classes of histone modifications that couple cellular metabolism to gene activity, providing a potential mechanism for environmental influences on gene expression. The novel marks, propionylation and butyrylation, are linked to fatty acid metabolism and can drive transcription in test tube experiments.
A study published at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) conference found that biopsy specimens are a reliable material for evaluating DLL3 expression in small cell lung cancer. High levels of DLL3 expression were correlated with poor survival trends, smoking history, and neuroendocrine differentiation.
Researchers discovered an evolutionary conserved sequence motif in mammalian genomes that regulates class I odorant receptor genes, a novel mechanism of expression. The J element controls the selective expression of these genes, highlighting its importance in understanding gene regulation and disease.
The National Institutes of Health has completed a detailed atlas documenting the stretches of human DNA that influence gene expression across various tissues and cell types. This resource will aid researchers in understanding how individual genomic variation leads to biological differences, such as healthy and diseased states.
A new study published in Nature and Nature Genetics describes a comprehensive atlas of gene expression across 42 tissue types, providing insights into the molecular origins of human disease. The study's findings allow researchers to identify genetic factors that cause changes in gene expression and relate them to human disease risk.
Researchers successfully built a gene drive to reduce female fertility in malaria-spreading mosquitoes, but mutations soon arose that blocked the spread of new genes. This study documents the emergence of resistance and will help improve future gene drives.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered that the enzymatic function of the fly enzyme Trr may not be as crucial as previously thought, suggesting alternative explanations for its role in cancer development. The study found that knocking out Trr's catalytic activity did not affect flies' viability or gene expression.
A new study uses gene transfer to block the expression of an enzyme that breaks down alcohol, leading to increased acetaldehyde levels and potential treatment for alcoholism. The approach has strong proof-of-concept data and bodes well for future development of a genetic therapy.
Researchers discovered that disrupting DNA loops in glial cells can reduce NFIA expression and tumor proliferation. This finding opens a potential new approach to treating glioma, a deadly form of brain cancer.
Researchers developed DroNc-Seq, a method merging sNuc-Seq with microfluidics for parallel measurement of gene expression in complex tissues. The technique enables identification of unique expression signatures for cell types, including rare ones, and differentiation between closely related subtypes.
Research reveals that estrogen hormones regulate gene expression through a multi-step process involving sequential recruitment of coactivators. The study, published in Molecular Cell, shows that the addition of specific coactivator CARM1 guides subsequent steps leading to gene activation.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a mechanism for regulating gene activity in plants by identifying small DNA sequences called Polycomb response elements (PREs) that direct the silencing of genes. These PREs can be manipulated using gene-editing techniques to alter gene expression without adding foreign gene...