Articles tagged with Diarrhea
Crude extracts from Tithonia diversifolia and Solanum torvum exhibit significant antibacterial activity against selected Shigella species. Hexane extract from S. torvum and dichloromethane extract from T. diversifolia inhibit bacterial growth with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 500 and 1,000 µg/mL.
The PRoRota-project aims to prevent children from dying of diarrhea in low and middle-income countries by using probiotics, improved education in hygiene, and advanced mathematical models. Researchers will conduct a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test the effect of probiotics on vaccine immune responses.
New research from Washington University School of Medicine identifies a key step in rotavirus infection and shows that disabling this process can prevent infection. The discovery opens up new avenues for therapeutic intervention, potentially treating not only rotavirus but also other pathogens with similar infection mechanisms.
Researchers identified mucins that defend against Salmonella and other bacteria causing diarrhea. Synthetic versions of these mucins could help prevent or treat illness in soldiers or travelers. The study suggests a low-cost solution to a major global health challenge.
Researchers found that INSL5 levels are high in patients with bile acid diarrhoea, leading to more watery stool. The hormone could aid development of a blood test and points towards a potential new treatment for the condition.
A study reveals that a combination of dysbiosis, OTUD3 gene mutations, and STING signaling aggravate ulcerative colitis. The intestinal flora plays a vital role in UC, but an unbalanced microbiome with fewer beneficial microbes and more harmful ones contributes to the disease.
A pilot study found that the Mediterranean diet provided symptom relief for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with 73% of participants experiencing improvement. The low FODMAP diet was also effective but led to greater improvements in abdominal pain intensity and IBS severity score.
A new study by Hokkaido University found that colder temperatures significantly increase the risk of gastroenteritis among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh's Kutupalong and Nayapara camps. The study reveals a link between temperature changes and gastroenteritis risk, with both extreme cold and heat contributing to higher numbers of cases.
Researchers detected widespread contamination of retail chicken meat in Bangladesh with antibiotic-resistant E. albertii, a lesser-known but deadly pathogen. The study highlights the need for improved hygiene measures and stricter regulations to prevent foodborne infections.
Recent cases of multi-drug resistant cholera in the UK and Germany are linked to exposure to contaminated holy water from Ethiopia. The study found a connection between pilgrims consuming or bathing in the holy well and the spread of the disease.
A study in the journal Cell Host & Microbe found that a diet rich in soluble fiber can protect against pathogenic bacteria like Clostridioides difficile. Consuming soluble fiber produces compounds like acetate, which regulates immune response and reduces inflammation.
Researchers have discovered a new probiotic bacterial strain that is 15% more effective in treating giardiasis than the existing strain. The strain, Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-4884, has significant anti-Giardia activity and can transform conjugated bile salts into toxic compounds for the parasite.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have found that opioid delta-receptor agonists can alleviate stress-induced IBS symptoms in a validated mouse model by targeting the central nervous system. The study suggests that these drugs could provide a more definitive solution for IBS with minimal adverse effects.
A new study reports a 60% decline in global diarrheal disease mortality, but highlights regional disparities and areas for improvement, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The largest decrease was among children under 5 years old, with a 79% drop in deaths, while adults 70+ still face high mortality rates.
A review of probiotics for restoring antibiotic-disturbed gut microbiota found limited conclusive evidence. While certain probiotics can reduce clinical symptoms like diarrhea and C. difficile colitis, the lack of standardization in measuring microbiota disruption and recovery hinders conclusions.
Researchers discovered that serine inhibits the cell wall remodeling necessary for Clostridium perfringens to form spores, preventing food poisoning. The study provides insights into the underlying mechanism of spore formation and may lead to new strategies for preventing foodborne illnesses.
A new study maps the gut microbiome of over 1,300 children under five years old in Ethiopia, revealing a clear link between gut bacteria composition and the duration of diarrhea. The researchers identify beneficial bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids, which are lacking in children with chronic diarrhea.
A new study found that climate change may lead to a significant increase in diarrheal disease hospitalizations in Dhaka, Bangladesh, even if global warming targets are met. Hospitalization rates could rise by 4.5-7.4% due to warmer temperatures and worsening water quality.
Researchers found COVID-19-related diarrhea mechanisms using human stem cells and enteroids, a single layer of cells in a petri dish. The study suggests testing inhibitors of inflammation may help treat COVID-19 diarrhea, linking it to long COVID symptoms.
Clinical trials show decreased effectiveness of vancomycin in treating C. diff infection, with reduced cure rates and lower sustained clinical responses associated with antimicrobial resistance. The finding poses a significant concern for the management of C. diff infection, with only two recommended antibiotics available.
A study published in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology found that dietary adjustments, such as a low FODMAP diet and low-carbohydrate diets, resulted in significantly reduced IBS symptoms for over seven out of ten patients. In contrast, medication-based treatment showed fewer symptom improvements.
Global disease burden rates dropped by 14.2% between 2010 and 2019, but the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted this trend, causing a 4.1% increase in disease burden in 2020 and a 7.2% increase in 2021.
The study found that reductions in deaths from chronic respiratory diseases, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and cancer led to the largest net gain in life expectancy between 1990 and 2021. The super-region of Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania had the largest net gain, while South Asia had the second-largest increase primari...
Researchers found that 5 in 10 pet dogs with diarrhea are shedding multi-drug resistant E.coli strains. These bacteria pose a risk to human health, highlighting the importance of proper hygiene and precautions when interacting with infected pets.
A study found that health providers in India often prescribe ineffective treatments for child diarrhea due to misperceptions of caregivers' wishes. However, when patients express a preference for oral rehydration salts, prescribing increases by 27 percentage points.
A new study found that healthcare provider perceptions of patient preferences are the biggest barrier to prescribing oral rehydration salts (ORS), which costs only a few cents. Patients expressing a preference for ORS increased prescribing by 27 percentage points, making it an effective intervention.
Researchers at University of Tsukuba discovered a correlation between hypoxia levels and clinical symptoms in UC patients. Lower oxygen saturation in the rectal mucosa was associated with greater severity of colitis, making this method a potential tool for objective measurement of disease activity.
The American Gastroenterological Association released a new guideline recommending the use of biomarkers to help manage Crohn’s disease. Biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin can measure levels of inflammation, helping doctors assess disease activity and guide treatment decisions.
A systematic review published in the journal Virulence reveals that introducing more diverse gut bacteria can improve outcomes for people and animals infected with cryptosporidium. This may be achieved through diet, probiotics, or faecal transplant therapy.
Researchers at UTSA have discovered a novel strategy to inhibit the spread and infection of Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria responsible for cholera. They identified a peptide-binding domain that can disrupt the virulence of V. cholerae, preventing intestinal colonization and biofilm formation.
A potential treatment for Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS) has been discovered by an international team of scientists. The breakthrough found that inhibiting the complement pathway early on can successfully treat STEC-HUS, a devastating disease that can lead to life-long dialysis and death in children.
A new study suggests that antimicrobials do not improve outcomes for dogs with uncomplicated diarrhea, prompting a potential reduction in their use by veterinarians. The findings come from a causal inference analysis of clinical trial data.
A NUS study found that Blastocystis ST7 produces indole-3-acetyldehyde, which binds to immune cells, reducing gut tolerance and causing inflammation. Probiotic bacteria like lactobacillus may help negate its effects.
Researchers found persistent inflammation in intestines of patients 20 years post-radiotherapy, even with targeted treatments. This could lead to chronic symptoms like tenesmus and frequent diarrhea.
A new study found that most C. diff infections are caused by characteristics associated with the patient themselves, not hospital transmission. Researchers analyzed fecal samples from over 1,100 ICU patients and discovered only six genomically supported transmissions during a nine-month period.
A new study found that 81% of women report persistent GI symptoms years after diagnosis, with abdominal bloating and gas being the most common. The analysis also showed that severe GI symptoms are linked to poor quality of life, social activities, and body image satisfaction.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that NSAIDs exacerbate C. difficile infections by disrupting epithelial cell mitochondria, sensiting them to toxins. The study shows that NSAIDs and C. difficile toxins work synergistically to increase virulence, leading to increased disease severity and mortality.
A vaccine originally developed to prevent bacteria-caused diarrhea has been found to also help infant nonhuman primates grow faster, according to a new study. The researchers found that vaccinated baby monkeys were taller than the unvaccinated when measured from head to toe, with a significant improvement in growth rate.
Researchers developed a new blood test to diagnose bile acid diarrhoea, a tabooed disease affecting Danes. The test identifies specific metabolites in the blood, distinguishing between patients who respond well to colesevelam or liraglutide treatments.
Researchers uncovered traces of Giardia duodenalis, a common cause of debilitating diarrhoea, in two Jerusalem latrines dating back to the biblical Kingdom of Judah. The study suggests dysentery was endemic in the Kingdom of Judah.
A gene-edited calf demonstrates reduced susceptibility to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) after intentionally altering the CD46 receptor with CRISPR/Cas9. The healthy calf showed no measurable infectious virus in its blood, despite both calves developing antibodies to the virus.
A UNIGE team has developed small beads encapsulating fecal bacteria for treating a serious intestinal infection. The technology overcomes obstacles in current treatments, allowing for easier and more comfortable administration.
A new Cochrane Review found that stool transplantation can increase the number of people recovering from Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection by 77%, compared to 40% with standard antibiotic treatment. The study also showed a decrease in side effects with stool transplantation.
A new study creates an experimental combo vaccine by adding a key protein from norovirus to a harmless strain of rotavirus, generating antibodies against both viruses. Mice produced neutralizing antibodies in response to the vaccine.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have found that ETEC pili are fine-tuned for their preferred microenvironment, allowing the bacteria to cause disease. By understanding how pili work, scientists may develop new therapeutics that target only disease-causing bacteria, leaving beneficial microbes intact.
Scientists detected the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella sonnei strains in France, primarily among men who have sex with men. XDR isolates are resistant to virtually all antibiotics, requiring complex treatment and hospitalization.
Researchers found that COVID-19 infections are linked to an increased risk of developing liver problems, acute pancreatitis, and other GI disorders. The study analyzed over 14 million medical records and estimated that SARS-CoV-2 infections have contributed to over 6 million new cases of GI disorders in the US.
Researchers have developed a gold nanoparticle probe to detect porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), a devastating disease causing severe diarrhoea and high death rates. The new tool promises fast, affordable diagnosis on-site, critical for preventing future outbreaks and protecting the industry from economic losses.
Researchers discovered that enterococci, a type of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, can make C. difficile more potent and dangerous by producing amino acids. This understanding could help doctors identify patients at risk and develop new treatments for the deadly infection.
A new study suggests that chronic dysentery is unlikely to have been the cause of Edward the Black Prince's death. Instead, experts point to alternative causes such as malaria, inflammatory bowel disease, and brucellosis, which could have contributed to his fluctuating illness.
Researchers found that a vaccine against the toxin produced by E. coli protects infant mice from intestinal damage, suggesting it could boost global efforts to combat childhood malnutrition. Vaccinating kids against E. coli diarrhea may prevent long-term effects like stunting and micronutrient deficiencies.
Researchers developed a noninvasive microphone sensor that uses machine learning to detect bowel diseases like cholera. The algorithm analyzes audio data from toilet sounds, identifying consistent tones for urination and singular tones for defecation.
A rise in severe acute hepatitis of unknown causes (SAHUC) in children has been reported worldwide, with symptoms including jaundice, vomiting, and diarrhea. Diagnostic tests such as liver enzymes and biopsy reports can help identify the disease, but its etiology remains unclear.
Researchers found that WASH interventions supplying filtered water, improved sources, or basic sanitation services significantly reduced diarrheal risk. The study highlights the importance of improving WASH infrastructure and programming to prevent disease, particularly among young children.
Researchers identify key enzyme CbrR and cyclic-di-GMP as crucial for Campylobacter jejuni's motility and biofilm formation. By targeting these elements, scientists aim to develop a safe molecule to prevent infection.
Researchers found that different lineages of Cryptosporidium parvum are increasingly exchanging their DNA, which helps the parasite evolve faster and potentially result in more virulent strains. The study suggests that globalization and close contact with animals increase the rate of genetic exchange.
A Yale study found that living through extended droughts increases diarrhea risk among children, even with adequate sanitation. Climate change is projected to exacerbate this issue, highlighting the need for improved water and hygiene infrastructure.
The American Gastroenterological Association has released new clinical guidelines outlining a personalized approach to treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. The guidelines recommend prioritizing lifestyle modifications and dietary changes, such as increasing fiber or following the low-FODMAP diet, before seeking advanced tr...
A UVA researcher is using a harmless amoeba to develop an innovative treatment for deadly C. difficile infections in young children. The approach has the potential to deliver specific antibodies directly to the gut, reducing the need for antibiotics and addressing a growing public health threat.
Researchers analyzed 451 bacterial strains of C. difficile, identifying 9,924 distinct gene clusters and categorizing them into 176 genetically distinct groups. The study provides new insights into the genetic diversity and evolution of this pathogen, shedding light on its virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance determinants.