Articles tagged with Microbial Evolution
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that six species exhibited little to no evidence of phylosymbiosis, while five closely related bovids showed patterns consistent with the concept. Drier environments may reveal phylosymbiosis due to reduced microbial diversity.
Researchers discovered that an insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana can turn the defensive substances of bark beetles into more toxic aglycones. These aglycones serve as an effective defense against fungi and increase fungal infestation, particularly in beetles with high phenol content.
A team of researchers found that ants produce multiple classes of antimicrobials and compounds targeted to specific microbes, offering a potential solution to the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Ant extracts were highly effective against emerging human superbugs like Candida auris.
Researchers developed a tool to quickly identify resistant strains of S. aureus using genomic profiles and machine-learning models. The approach is based on gene-content information rather than highly detailed genomic profiles, making it more practical for real-life clinical contexts.
A new review highlights how complex microbial communities, including those in the human gut and environment, drive antimicrobial resistance evolution. The study identifies five pathways of horizontal gene transfer that enable bacteria to share resistance genes within communities.
A study found that viral interactions inside cells influence antiviral resistance outcomes, while a less potent drug may ironically improve its future utility by promoting social interactions in viruses. The researchers suggest a trade-off between hitting the virus hard and allowing resistance to rise.
Prof. Yassour's research explores the developing infant microbiome and its impact on pediatric health, with implications for understanding immune development and childhood disease. Her groundbreaking work has advanced our understanding of how early-life microbial development influences health trajectories.
Scientists have created a comprehensive picture of bacterial stator evolution, revealing how these ancient proteins propelled bacteria 3.5-4 billion years ago.
Researchers used an experimental evolution approach to map genetic mutations in A. baumannii treated with tigecycline and colistin, confirming and extending existing knowledge on major mechanisms of resistance. The study's findings aim to develop genomics-based predictions of drug resistance and susceptibility.
Researchers mapped bacterial growth in 195 environments, revealing consistent links between growth patterns and ecological traits like habitat and distribution. The study's findings suggest that controlled experiments can uncover mechanisms of ecological and evolutionary adaptation.
A recent study from Japan explores ancient microbial life on Earth by analyzing iron-rich hot springs that mimic the chemistry of early oceans. Microaerophilic iron-oxidising bacteria were found to be dominant, using ferrous iron as an energy source before photosynthesis became dominant.
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science identified ancient protein SCORE to help plants defend against various pathogens. By engineering synthetic SCORE variants, plants can be made resistant to multiple pathogen types.
Institute for Systems Biology researchers use microbial community-scale metabolic models to simulate C. diff behavior in human gut microbiome samples. They accurately predict colonization states, susceptibility, and response to probiotics, offering a path to prevent C. diff before it starts.
The study reveals that eukaryogenesis occurred abruptly at a critical gene length of 1,500 nucleotides, marking the emergence of the eukaryotic cell. This phase transition was algorithmic, driven by the tension between increasing gene length and protein complexity.
A recent study suggests that Saturn's moon Titan could support simple, microscopic life forms due to its abundant organic content. However, the amount of biomass that can exist in this environment is likely to be extremely limited, possibly only a few pounds.
A team of researchers found that a gene regulatory network in gut microbes plays an auxiliary role in bacterial fitness and adaptability. By maintaining basal levels of genetic activity, the network allows bacteria to adapt to their constantly changing environment.
University of Queensland scientists used machine learning to predict when bacteria evolved oxygen use, finding some bacteria used it before photosynthesis. The study suggests aerobic metabolism occurred before oxygenic photosynthesis, dating back around 3.2 billion years.
Researchers created a timeline for bacterial evolution and oxygen adaptation using genomic data, fossils, and Earth's geochemical history. Their findings suggest that some bacteria could use trace oxygen long before evolving photosynthesis.
Researchers found two new types of gene clusters capable of producing large volumes of hydrogen in marine bacteria. The study suggests that the diversity in these clusters is related to speciation and ecological niches, with some species producing higher levels of hydrogen than others.
Researchers have made progress in understanding how Streptococcus pneumoniae constructs its capsule, a critical target for vaccine development. The study identified three categories of transporters that facilitate sugar building block transport, with relaxed specificity transporters posing potential risks to bacterial growth.
Researchers have found a previously unknown group of microbes, known as Asgard archaea, which possess structures similar to those found in eukaryotic cells. These discoveries suggest that Asgard archaea may be the missing link between archaea and eukaryotes, challenging our current understanding of the three domains of life.
Ancient bacteria can respire carbon dioxide and hydrogen into acetic acid to produce ATP. A new mechanism involving sodium ions is activated when acetic acid is produced, driving a molecular turbine that generates energy.
A groundbreaking study has identified a dual-target approach that significantly prevents the development of resistance in bacteria. This approach combines membrane disruption with an additional critical cellular pathway, offering a potential solution to mitigate the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Researchers discovered symbiotic bacteria accompanying single-celled protists in the ocean's upper layer. The bacteria, including close relatives of pathogenic species like Coxiella and Rickettsia, may aid or harm their protist hosts, depending on context.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have successfully cultivated an ultrasmall bacterial strain that parasitizes methanogenic archaea, inhibiting their growth. This discovery represents the first successful cultivation of such bacteria and proposes a new phylum Minisyncoccota, advancing our understanding of microbial ecology.
Researchers propose a new framework describing living matter as a double cascade spanning 18 orders of magnitude in space and time, with critical points marking the emergence of self-replicating machines and complex societies.
Recent studies have found that new antibiotics are prone to rapid development of resistance, even before they are widely used. This raises concerns about the effectiveness of these treatments in the long run. To address this issue, researchers call for a shift in antibiotic development prioritizing novel modes of action and responsible...
Research reveals that bacteria form species through a process called homologous recombination, which exchanges genetic material across the entire genome. This exchange acts as a cohesive force, keeping members of the same species similar and maintaining distinct species boundaries.
A recent study explores how polyploidy shapes adaptation, revealing its dual role as both a barrier and driver of evolutionary change. Polyploid organisms evolve more slowly in stable environments but accelerate innovation required to adapt to extreme conditions.
A new study reveals evidence of electrical signaling and coordinated behavior in choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals. This finding offers key insights into the early evolution of animal multicellularity and nervous systems.
A new study reveals that bacteria species in Lake Mendota rapidly evolve over time, responding to changing seasonal conditions. The researchers found that hundreds of separate species would return almost fully to near copies of their genetic predecessors after a thousand or so generations of evolutionary pressures.
A new study finds that disease-causing bacteria can infect a wide range of plant species, including non-flowering plants, using a common set of pathogenicity factors. The research suggests that the toxin syringomycin interferes with cell membranes across diverse plant species.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that bacteria used to produce Gruyère, Emmental, and Sbrinz cheese show signs of ancient domestication. The researchers analyzed genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the bacterial strains over a 50-year period, finding low genetic diversity and high stability of traits specific to...
A recent study revises our understanding of the universal genetic code's evolution, suggesting that early life preferred smaller amino acids over larger ones. The researchers found that amino acids with aromatic ring structures were incorporated into the code later than previously thought, offering clues about other extinct genetic codes.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute developed a new, efficient metabolic pathway to convert acetyl-CoA into pyruvate, enabling effective CO2 utilization. The 'lactyl-CoA mutase' enzyme can produce valuable products like 3-hydroxypropionate for sustainable plastics.
Researchers identified critical proteins involved in animal stem cell regulation, including SOX and POU transcription factors, which existed in single-celled organisms over 700 million years ago. These ancient proteins retained functional properties that enabled them to induce stem cell reprogramming in mouse cells.
Researchers have discovered two previously unknown bacterial species in deep-sea corals from the Gulf of Mexico. These bacteria have extremely reduced genomes and lack the ability to break down carbohydrates, surviving on amino acids instead. The discovery provides insights into the unique adaptations of deep-sea organisms.
A new study led by Arizona State University researcher Michael Lynch explores the substantial energy demands required to maintain and evolve multicellular life. Multicellular organisms require a tenfold increase in energy compared to protists, highlighting how respiration and metabolic processes are crucial for advanced life forms.
New research from the University of Chicago shows that gut bacteria can acquire a gene that shuts down their own deadly weapon and activates a new one, allowing them to outcompete other bacteria. This transfer of genes enables the bacteria to carve out niches in the tightly packed recesses of the gut.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered a new predatory bacterium, Aureispira, that uses grappling hooks and cannons to capture prey. The bacterium's molecular structures resemble those of pirate tools, allowing it to entangle and kill its victims quickly.
A team of researchers led by Julia Vorholt at ETH Zurich initiated laboratory partnerships between bacteria and fungi to study the beginnings of an endosymbiotic relationship. They found that when certain bacteria are passed on to the next generation of fungi through spores, the fungus adapts and becomes more inhabited.
Researchers have successfully evolved microbial cultures that can sense pH changes, enabling rapid responses to environmental fluctuations. They also found similar mutations in nature in emerging pathogens and coral symbionts, which navigate challenging pH shifts in their environments.
Researchers discovered a bacterial parasite that infects the nuclei of deep-sea mussels, reproducing to over 80,000 cells while keeping its host alive. The parasite produces proteins that suppress apoptosis, an 'arms race' with the host cell, and acquires nutrients from host components.
Researchers at Swansea University have created a new framework to understand how complex bacterial communities form associations with multicellular hosts. The study aims to provide a holistic picture of microbiome assembly and its importance in the persistence of both host and microbiome.
A study published in Genome Biology and Evolution found that predation by protists increases the virulence of opportunistic pathogens like Serratia marcescens. The presence of the predator Tetrahymena thermophila led to stronger biofilm formation and greater antimicrobial resistance, resulting in higher mortality in honey bees.
A study found that microwaves contain a unique microbial community, comprising 747 different genera, which resembles those on solar panels and kitchen surfaces. The diversity of the microbiome varies between single-household kitchens, shared domestic spaces, and laboratory microwaves.
A recent study uses machine learning to analyze 950 microbial genomes, identifying 2,194 potential toxins that could be used as new antimicrobials or biotechnological tools. The researchers also discovered four new toxins with enzymatic activities against different molecules.
Researchers at FAU will investigate how microbes respond to climate conditions and develop strategies to enhance soil health in drylands. The project aims to improve understanding of microbial resistance to climate change and discover solutions to reduce soil degradation.
Researchers found ancient giant viruses woven into single-celled organism's genetic code, sparking new understanding of virus-host interaction and potential evolutionary benefits.
A UC Riverside paper has opened the door to understanding more about life's beginnings and early evolution. The study weaves together data from ancient rocks, genomic studies of modern organisms, and recent breakthroughs about the evolving chemistry of the early oceans, atmosphere, and continents.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new way to make microbes hardy enough to withstand industrial processing, high temperatures, radiation, and long-term storage. The method involves mixing bacteria with food and drug additives, resulting in stable formulations that can be used in various applications.
Researchers suggest helping coral symbionts evolve heat tolerance in the lab to protect corals from summer heatwaves. This approach may be used in conjunction with other measures like assisted gene flow and reef management to maximize the likelihood of coral reefs persisting into the future.
A new study uses machine learning to search for antibiotics in a vast dataset of microbial genomes, identifying 863,498 candidate antimicrobial peptides. Promising results are observed in initial tests against disease-causing bacteria and preclinical animal models.
A new study reveals that fungi associated with bee bread have unique adaptations that allow them to thrive in the acidic environment. The researchers found that one strain of Aspergillus flavus can withstand extreme pH levels and propolis, which has fungicidal properties.
Climate change threatens freshwater habitats, disrupting microbial communities essential for nutrient cycling and water quality maintenance. Many abundant freshwater bacteria with small genomes experience extended periods of adaptive standstill, limiting their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers found group selection crucial for maintaining cooperation and multicellularity in fluctuating environments. Aggregative reproductive mechanisms sustain cooperation, enabling cooperative cells to colonize new habitats.
Researchers created GraSSRep and rhea, tools that outperform current methods for handling repeats and structural variants in metagenomic data. These methods use self-supervised learning and graph neural networks to analyze microbiome data, offering new insights into biological processes and potential applications in antibiotic resistance.
Researchers at NTU Singapore and Temasek Polytechnic develop a new, sustainable feed alternative for farmed Asian seabass, reducing reliance on wild-caught fishmeal. The single cell protein is cultivated from soybean processing wastewater, offering a promising solution to the aquaculture industry's environmental challenges.
Researchers uncover evolutionary history of secreted iron uptake molecules in yeasts, revealing complex dynamics between cooperation and competition for this essential nutrient. Yeast species have developed alternative mechanisms to utilize siderophores without producing them, offering insights into the evolution of microbial strategies.
Millions of gamers worldwide contribute to reconstructing microbial evolutionary histories using a minigame in Borderlands 3, significantly refining estimates of human gut microbes. This collaboration lays groundwork for improved AI programs and advances knowledge of the microbiome.