Articles tagged with Genes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at UC San Francisco have identified CUL5, a protein that tags tau for elimination, as a key player in preventing the formation of toxic tau protein clumps that can lead to dementia. The study found that neurons with more CUL5 are less vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed a novel way to identify aggressive cancer cells by observing how they physically interact with their environment. The new technology uses specially designed microscopic surfaces to distinguish between aggressive and less aggressive cells.
Researchers at UC San Francisco found that spindle fibers can repair themselves as they pull on DNA, ensuring accurate chromosome division. This self-repair mechanism replaces weak links with stronger ones, preventing errors that could lead to cancer or birth defects.
Researchers at UC Riverside find that faulty gene PTPN2 increases susceptibility to harmful bacteria like AIEC, leading to gut inflammation and IBD. The studies suggest that restoring PTPN2 function or using medications like JAK inhibitors may help control harmful bacterial growth.
A CRISPR screen identified 331 essential genes for brain cell generation, including PEDS1 linked to a severe developmental disorder. The study provides a new approach to identifying genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and offers insights into gene inheritance patterns.
A new study found that genetic communities in rats are shaped by their social partners' genes. Researchers identified three gene-microbe associations, including one linked to bacteria that feed on sugar molecules added to mucus.
A comprehensive review reveals that antibiotic resistance genes are ancient features of microbial life shaped by millions of years of evolution. Human activities such as agriculture, wastewater discharge, and global trade are accelerating the spread of these genes into disease-causing bacteria.
Researchers mapped over half a million individual human cells from the developing reproductive system to identify key genes and signals that drive organ formation. The study provides important insights into conditions affecting the reproductive organs and how environmental chemicals may affect reproductive health.
A new study identifies genetic variants influencing both addiction risk and lower educational attainment. The researchers found a subset of genetic variants linked to substance use disorders and poorer health outcomes.
Researchers used human pluripotent stem cells to model early placental formation, discovering VGLL1 plays a crucial role in turning stem cells into placental stem cells. The study's findings could lead to improved embryo quality and viability, especially for in vitro fertilization.
A new study by UC San Francisco combines genetic risk with cardiovascular disease risk factors to predict who is more likely to develop dementia. The expanded view may help those worried about dementia, as lifestyle changes and improved control of illnesses can reduce brain damage and potentially delay or prevent symptoms.
Scientists have discovered a protein called SCEP3 that ensures even chromosome segregation in plants, preventing infertility and genetic diseases. This finding has implications for plant breeding and understanding human fertility, with the equivalent gene SIX6OS1 potentially playing a role in promoting correct chromosome segregation.
Researchers identified 32 common differentially expressed genes involved in IA, including NGFR and SERPINE1, which may serve as biomarkers. The study suggests that understanding the involvement of aging-related genes can aid in developing therapeutic strategies to minimize surgical interventions.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have developed a powerful new gene-switch tool called Cyclone, which allows scientists to turn on or off target genes with precision. The tool uses a non-toxic molecule acyclovir to suppress gene activity, and has the potential to be adopted throughout biomedical research and gene therapies.
A collaborative research team analyzed historical museum specimens of the Asian honeybee, revealing a significant decline in genetic diversity and a potential link to pesticide use. The study suggests that pesticide exposure may be driving rapid evolutionary changes in the species.
Researchers identified 5.05% of individuals carrying pathogenic variants in key cancer susceptibility genes, highlighting a significant association between these genetic variations and increased cancer risk. The study suggests that more extensive genetic screening for these genes may be warranted to identify high-risk individuals.
UCSF researchers found a key cellular switch driving pulmonary fibrosis and developed a new therapy to block it in mice. The treatment works by preventing healthy lung cells from converting to harmful cell types, reducing scarring and improving lung function.
A cohort study reveals a significant association between social adversity and increased incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in Black women. The findings suggest potential social genomic and gene-environment interactions that contribute to disparities in breast cancer survival.
The ASHG 2025 Annual Meeting will highlight advancements in rare disease research through long-read sequencing and collaboration. Genetic mechanisms of cancer risk and the clinical impact of latest epilepsy neurogenetics advances will also be showcased, along with decoding human aging and AI-powered genomics.
Researchers discovered TaMYB10-3A as a molecular switch controlling condensed tannin presence in wheat grains. The study identified genetic markers for precise modulation of condensed tannin content.
A new research paper from Colorado State University finds that precipitation levels are the key environmental factor influencing genetic variation in the warbler's beak, which is crucial for heat retention. The study reveals that birds struggling to adapt to climate change experience higher stress levels and population declines.
Researchers have assembled a near-complete genome map of northern wild rice (Zizania palustris), spanning 1.41 Gb with 47,804 predicted genes. This improved genome provides critical insights into the plant's unique adaptations and traits, supporting future breeding and sustainable cultivation.
Researchers created a comprehensive single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the pig intestine, identifying 19 major cell types and 58 cellular subtypes. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms by which neurons regulate inflammatory responses and the molecular basis for stronger immune functions in wild boars.
Researchers found genetic adaptations underlying survival in hot and dry environments, revealing how natural selection enabled the Turkana to thrive in extreme conditions. The study identified key genes, including STC1, that play vital roles in conserving water and protecting kidneys from waste.
Researchers found genetic adaptations in response to micronutrient shortages and surpluses, particularly in regions with iodine-poor soils. The study provides insights into the impact of micronutrient availability on human evolution, highlighting potential vulnerabilities to deficiencies as climate change affects soil nutrient levels.
Researchers identified genes associated with breastfeeding disorders and postpartum breast cancer in the mammary gland, revealing potential new targets for investigation. The study provides a detailed atlas of genetic expression for the adult developmental cycle of the mammary gland.
The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program has released its 36th study, introducing significant new data updates to two existing studies. These advances aim to uncover the genetic foundations of childhood cancers and congenital conditions. With over 110,000 data files available, researchers can explore publicly accessib...
Researchers discovered that languages from different continents and populations become more similar after contact, with rates of borrowing ranging from 4-9%. The team found that linguistic features are not consistently transferable, challenging long-held assumptions about language learning.
Researchers have identified shared gene signatures and key mechanisms underlying the progression from chronic liver cirrhosis to acute-on-chronic liver failure. Metabolic dysfunction, including altered glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways, plays a central role in both conditions.
Researchers have identified a group of proteins known as the GATOR1 complex as essential tumour suppressors that play critical roles in preventing lymphoma development. Disruption of these genes promotes lymphoma development and existing drugs targeting the same cellular pathways were highly effective at slowing growth.
Aging is harsh on the hippocampus, a region responsible for learning and memory. Researchers at UCSF identified protein FTL1, which slows cognitive decline in mice by increasing metabolism. Treating with a compound that stimulates metabolism prevents these effects. The study offers hope for therapies to block FTL1's impact.
A new genomic study has identified 178 de novo genes in peaches, which have evolved from noncoding DNA regions. These genes are expressed in reproductive tissues and contribute to important biological functions, shedding light on how novel genes can arise, diversify, and become essential parts of plant growth and evolution.
Researchers at Salk Institute launched a machine learning framework called ShortStop to explore overlooked DNA regions and discover microproteins with potential roles in disease. The tool identified 210 new microprotein candidates in lung cancer data, including one validated target for therapeutic treatment.
A large-scale genetic study found ten new regions associated with the ability to detect specific odours, with three showing sex-specific effects. The research also uncovered a link between the risk of Alzheimer's disease and the sense of smell, highlighting the interconnectedness of these senses.
Researchers at The University of Osaka have developed a novel technology to unzip DNA's double helix structure, allowing for efficient and accurate genetic testing. The device uses a nano-sized platinum coil and precise heating to minimize DNA damage and read information from the DNA molecule.
A new study by University of South Australia researchers uses genetic recall to explore links between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the Epstein-Barr virus. The study aims to identify early warning signs or biomarkers for MS, enabling early detection and intervention.
New research reveals that body size and caste in ants are coupled, with genetics determining the threshold for becoming a queen. Genes influence size and modify the size at which queen-like traits emerge, affecting the probability of becoming a queen.
A new study reveals B cell-derived ELL2 as a promising biomarker for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of sepsis. The research identified three subtypes with significantly different prognoses, which were consistently reproduced across all cohorts.
A team of researchers has discovered the regulation of de novo genes in fruit flies, finding that transcription factors and genomic neighbors play a crucial role in switching these genes on. The study also reveals that de novo genes often share regulatory elements with adjacent genes, suggesting a mechanism of co-regulation.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University have secured two key grants to investigate targeting the MBLAC1 gene as a new approach to treat glioblastoma, a very aggressive and fast-growing type of brain cancer. The project aims to advance innovative projects that could make a meaningful impact on cancer therapy.
Researchers mapped human cell cycle gene activity and found recently evolved transcription factors play a crucial role in regulating the process. Disabling these genes caused cells to struggle with DNA copying and division timing.
Researchers have successfully synthesized a new allohexaploid wheat, Triticum kiharae, by hybridizing Timopheevii wheat and goat-grass. This approach allows for the simultaneous introgression of genetic variations from wild relatives into common wheat, potentially enhancing its intraspecific genomic diversity.
Researchers found that low-cost genetic testing methods can effectively detect BRCA2 and HOXB13 mutations linked to increased prostate cancer risk. These findings support the adoption of precision medicine in prostate cancer care, enabling better diagnosis and personalized treatment plans.
Researchers identified a gene mutation that disrupts iron absorption in patients with Crohn's disease, leading to persistent anemia. The study sheds light on how genetic risk factors for IBD can compound patient symptoms by interfering with nutrient absorption.
A study published in PLOS One reveals that cats' purring behavior is linked to genetic variation, specifically the short-type androgen receptor gene. Cats with this gene exhibit higher owner-assessed purring scores than those with the long-type gene.
As women age, more genes on their X chromosomes escape silencing, potentially influencing disease. This epigenetic change may explain sex-based differences in age-related diseases.
Scientists have identified a brain molecule called NEAT1 that appears to play a central role in triggering light sensitivity (photophobia) during migraines. By disrupting the normal balance of nerve signaling and pain regulation, NEAT1 makes nerves more sensitive to light.
Researchers have discovered a selfish X chromosome in fruit flies that manipulates inheritance in both males' sperm and females' eggs. The supergene's unique structure allows it to expand and accumulate repetitive DNA sequences contributing to its ability to cheat during female reproduction.
Researchers at UC San Diego found that HPV DNA hybridizes with human DNA genes in oropharyngeal cancer cells, forming ecDNA that promotes tumor growth. This study suggests that selectively targeting ecDNA-disrupting therapeutics could slow tumor growth while leaving normal cells intact.
Researchers have identified an epigenetic mechanism underlying hemizygote-dependent super-early flowering in soybean transformants. The study reveals that a specific gene expression system can be designed to respond to genetic dosage through epigenetic elements, offering new tools for precise regulation of flowering and maturation.
A research team identified a new gene called TaMs6 that controls male fertility in wheat, enabling the development of hybrid wheat varieties. The study found that TaMs6 regulates lipid metabolism and is expressed during critical stages of pollen formation, making it essential for producing fertile pollen.
Research reveals pregnancy-induced immune shifts affecting disease susceptibility and delivery outcomes, with adaptations in T cells, B cells, and monocytes identified across stages.
Scientists discovered a protective variant of the HAQ-STING gene that prevents COPA Syndrome. This finding opens the door to a new gene therapy for the condition, which currently has no cure.
A research team led by Hidemasa Bono mapped the genomes of susceptible and resistant bed bug strains, revealing new insights into the development of pyrethroid resistance. The study identified 729 resistance-specific mutations in protein-coding genes related to DNA damage response, cell cycle regulation, and lysosome functions.
A team of biologists at UT Arlington has discovered a new species of gecko, Pseudogonatodes fuscofortunatus, with distinct skeletal features and genetic data. The discovery highlights the unique characteristics of this tiny lizard, found in the Paria Peninsula of Venezuela.
A new AI tool called PIONEER has been developed to predict protein-protein interaction mutations in hundreds of diseases, including dozens of cancers. The tool allows researchers to navigate the interactome for over 10,500 diseases and identify potential drug targets.
Researchers found specific gene mutations in barley affect starch synthesis, forming elongated starch granules with altered properties. Mutations disrupt enzymes, altering glucose chain formation and branching.
The ASHG 2024 Annual Meeting will showcase the latest research in human genetics and genomics. The event will feature a Presidential Symposium on Mendelian traits and a Distinguished Speakers Symposium on the promise of human genetics and genomics, among other sessions.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a faster and more affordable method to study chromatin organization, which influences gene activation and cell function. The droplet Hi-C technique has been successfully deployed to analyze chromatin organization in mouse brain cells and human tumors.
The study reveals hormone-dependent molecular mechanisms that cause sexual dimorphism in chicken feathers, including the role of thyroid hormone activation/inactivation system. The findings also shed light on the cultural significance of chickens in Japanese society and its impact on promoting social cohesion.