Articles tagged with Microglia
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that inhibiting microglia activity improved young mice's recall of fearful experiences. Microglia markers were also increased in brain areas related to memory formation, suggesting enhanced memory recall. This study may provide insight into preventing infantile amnesia and understanding human memory loss.
Scientists found that blocking microglia prevents infant forgetting and improves memory in mice, suggesting a role for microglia in memory formation. Microglia inhibition also enhances engram cell activation, providing a functional explanation for enhanced memory recall.
Research found that prolonged heavy drinking induces neuroinflammation, promoting negative emotional states lasting for weeks into abstinence. Inhibiting proinflammatory microglia activation during alcohol exposure blocks the development of anxiety and fear memory.
A Northwestern University study found an injectable regenerative nanomaterial helps protect the brain during a vulnerable window after most common type of stroke. The therapy successfully crossed the blood-brain barrier and reduced brain damage, showing no signs of side effects.
Researchers discovered that female brain immune cells called microglia express more interferon-related genes when responding to amyloid-β plaques, causing more harm to neuronal connections. This finding suggests a potential sex-specific treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have identified two proteins that allow cancer cells to evade destruction by brain immune cells, known as microglia. By removing these proteins, microglia play a key role in eliminating cancer cells during the early stage of their arrival in the brain.
Researchers successfully used microglia replacement to halt a fatal neurological disease in human patients, marking a significant advancement from initial mouse model success. The approach has evolved into an efficient and clinical meaningful strategy, with potential applications across neurological diseases.
Researchers from UT Health San Antonio discovered that changes in brain fats play a major role in Alzheimer's development and progression. Targeting microglia, the brain's immune cells, may help restore balance and support brain health. Progranulin levels also emerged as a key lipid regulator.
Researchers have identified two groups of brain cells in mice that regulate anxiety - a 'gas pedal' that accelerates anxiety and a 'brake pedal' that prevents it. The discovery could lead to the development of new therapies for anxiety disorders by targeting these microglia.
Researchers identified a PU.1-promoting subset of microglia that suppresses inflammation and protects cognitive function in mice with Alzheimer's disease. This discovery opens a new avenue for immunotherapies targeting microglial activity.
Researchers have identified a distinct population of neuroprotective microglia that may point to a new therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. Microglia with reduced expression of PU.1 and co-expression of CD28 limit neuroinflammation and slow amyloid plaque build-up.
Alzheimer's disease disrupts the daily activity patterns of brain cells involved in removing amyloid plaques, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for treating the disease. Controlling these circadian rhythms could help prevent disease progression.
Researchers discovered a gain-of-function mutation in the TREM2 gene that impairs microglial function and increases risk for Alzheimer's disease. The study found that female mice with the T96K mutation had reduced microglial activity, leading to increased amyloid beta accumulation.
A new technology allows for clear observation of living retina and microglia's behavior, revealing their increased activity before tissue damage in diabetic mice. The study found that the diabetes drug liraglutide reduced microglia's activity in healthy mice too, suggesting a direct modulation mechanism.
Researchers discovered elevated TSPO levels in the brain of genetically engineered mouse models and human patients with familial Alzheimer's disease, indicating a potential biomarker for early detection. The study aims to explore how blocking or enhancing TSPO could halt disease progression.
Research reveals neuroglia play active role in brain function, driving disease progression through atrophy and functional decline. Therapeutic strategies targeting neuroglial signaling may prevent damage following brain injury or protect against neurodegenerative processes.
Researchers have discovered that microglia, the brain's immune cells, play a key role in how the brain adapts during adolescence. This understanding may transform how neurodevelopmental disorders are treated during this window and possibly into adulthood. The study also found that microglial contact with axons increases dopaminergic ci...
Researchers at Stanford Medicine developed a way to replace more than half of the most severely affected brain cells with non-genetically matched precursor cells in mice. The approach helped animals live longer and reduced behavioral symptoms of the disease, offering hope for families of children with these rare diseases.
The JAK2-STAT3 pathway contributes to inflammation and injury after ischemic stroke. Targeting this pathway shows promise for reducing brain swelling, neuronal death, and improving recovery. Several inhibitors have been found effective in preclinical models, including Tyrphostin AG490, Ruxolitinib, and natural compounds like genistein.
UCSF scientists identified a receptor that enables microglia to engulf and digest amyloid beta plaques, leading to fewer and smaller clumps. This discovery creates an opportunity for new therapies targeting the receptor ADGRG1.
In a breakthrough study, researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center found that microglia cells respond differently than neutrophils to photoreceptor damage in the retina. This discovery has high implications for treating vision loss caused by photoreceptor cell damage.
A new treatment method using microglia replacement has shown promising results in halting the progression of genetic neurological disease ALSP in both mice and human individuals. The treatment, developed at Fudan University, successfully replaced mutated microglia with healthy ones, improving neurological function and extending life ex...
Researchers at Harvard University's Wyss Institute have successfully created human microglia cells in a dish, using induced pluripotent stem cells, within four days. This breakthrough enables new avenues for brain disease-focused research and potential therapeutic perspectives.
Researchers found that aging increases the brain's vulnerability to low oxygen levels, disrupting the blood-brain barrier and leading to inflammation and cognitive decline. The study identified specific oxygen levels that trigger BBB disruption, with older mice showing increased sensitivity even at mild hypoxic levels.
University of Oklahoma researchers discovered ZIP4 protein drives glioblastoma progression through extracellular vesicles and reprogrammed microglial plasticity. The study identifies ZIP4 and TREM1 as promising therapeutic targets for treating aggressive brain cancer.
Researchers at Vrije Universiteit Brussel have made a significant discovery in replacing faulty microglia with monocytes, opening up new avenues for future therapies. However, the new cells may not fully replicate the normal functions of microglia, highlighting the need for further improvement.
A recent study published in Journal of Experimental Medicine found that immune cells play a major role in the development of spastic paraplegia type 15. The research, led by Professor Elvira Mass and Dr. Marc Beyer, suggests that severe inflammation in the brain precedes neuronal damage and could be relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
A new study from the University of Oklahoma is targeting cell communication in the hunt for therapies to slow macular degeneration. The research team is studying how cells in the retina communicate and whether the messages they send could be programmed to treat or slow AMD.
Researchers at UC Irvine develop a cell-based platform to deliver disease-fighting proteins throughout the brain, reducing inflammation, preserving neurons, and reversing neurodegeneration in mice. The engineered microglia can detect disease-specific changes and release enzymes to break down toxic proteins.
Calmming the brain's immune cells via norepinephrine may prevent or lessen Alzheimer's inflammation and damage. The study highlights a key role of norepinephrine in mitigating early inflammatory changes and neuronal injury.
Researchers have identified Tim-3 as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease by targeting microglia in the brain. Deleting Tim-3 helps kickstart plaque removal, reduce neuroinflammation, and limit cognitive impairment.
A research team has discovered microglia in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that regulate neuronal soma size throughout evolution. The study challenges long-held beliefs about microglia's absence from the PNS, revealing a common molecular signature and role in regulating neuron size.
A new study by UCL researchers found that people with visual Alzheimer's disease have a unique distribution of proteins and markers in their brain, leading to symptoms such as reading difficulties. In contrast, those with memory-led Alzheimer's disease have different protein patterns, resulting in symptoms like memory loss.
Scientists at ISTA create a new brain organoid model that incorporates microglia to study viral infections, such as Rubella, and test the effectiveness of ibuprofen. The results show that microglia play a crucial role in inflammatory reactions and that ibuprofen exerts its protective effects by inhibiting two inflammatory enzymes.
A research group has uncovered a potential mechanism linking maternal inflammation to delayed neurodevelopment in infants. CD11c-positive microglia, crucial for myelination, play a key role in this process.
A review article reveals CD2AP's crucial role in amyloid metabolism, tau pathology, synaptic function, and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. CD2AP deficiency accelerates plaque formation, while its loss in neurons leads to reduced spine density and impaired synaptic plasticity.
A new Northwestern University study found that enhancing the brain's immune cells can clear Alzheimer's plaques and restore a healthier brain environment in immunized patient brains. The findings could reshape the future of Alzheimer's treatments by shifting the focus from removing plaques to harnessing the brain's natural defenses.
Researchers at Kyoto University investigated the effects of two-hit stress on mouse behavior, revealing significant changes in the cerebellum. The study found increased microglia turnover, neuronal loss, and decreased brain connectivity, correlating with anxiety-like behaviors and mental disorders.
Researchers at Kyoto University investigated the effects of two-hit stress on mice, finding that it leads to increased microglia activity, neuronal loss, and decreased brain connectivity. Microglia replacement therapy showed promise in rescuing affected mice, with female mice exhibiting higher stress resilience.
A new study reveals that microglia can be reprogrammed from a tumor-promoting state to one that strengthens antitumor responses, reducing brain metastases growth and enhancing immunotherapy responses. Researchers identified a key signaling pathway that, when blocked, reverses the protumoral function of microglia.
Research reveals that micronuclei uptake regulates microglial morphology and gene expression, influencing neurogenesis, neural networks, and cerebrovascular function. This mechanism is crucial for the postnatal brain's development and function.
Scientists from DZNE found that preventing brain inflammation may help treat Alzheimer's disease. The study, published in Immunity, suggests that inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome can reduce neuroinflammation and help microglia clear harmful amyloid-beta deposits.
Dr. Mikael Simons is being recognized for his pioneering research on myelin biology, glial cell biology, and neuroinflammation that continues to inform MS research. His work has helped identify a promising therapeutic target with potential to benefit people with MS.
Researchers have found that microglia function differently in adult male versus female mice when given an enzyme inhibitor, with potential broad implications for how neurological diseases are studied. This discovery highlights the necessity of gender-specific research and may lead to new disease-modifying therapies targeting microglia.
The study provides insights into the roles of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, revealing nine transcriptionally distinct subpopulations. The GPNMB-high Lipo.DAM signature is associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis, and may hold relevance for immune-based therapies.
Researchers explore the role of efferocytosis in reducing inflammation and containing injury spread after an ischemic stroke. Efferocytosis may offer a promising therapeutic strategy to promote neural regeneration and minimize brain damage.
Researchers have unveiled a critical mechanism linking cellular stress in the brain to Alzheimer's disease progression, highlighting microglia as central players in both protective and harmful responses. The study reveals that blocking a specific stress pathway reverses symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in preclinical models.
Ocular immune-related diseases, including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and Graves' ophthalmopathy, are caused by abnormal immune inflammatory responses. The review highlights the role of microglia and other macrophages in these conditions, providing new target cells for prevention and treatment.
Researchers found that microglia clear amyloid-β plaques from the brain before plaque formation and may cause more plaques when homeostatic. In contrast, activated microglia help compact plaques in neurons, offering a protective role.
Researchers have developed a network-based approach to understand how immune cells called microglia transform and drive harmful processes like neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The study identified three unique subtypes of harmful microglia that promote disease progression, with genetic signatures driving their behaviors.
Researchers uncover the significance of neuroinflammation in Niemann-Pick type C disease, a rare form of childhood dementia. They identify translocator protein (TSPO) as a potential biomarker for disease monitoring and response to therapy.
Researchers at Texas A&M University College of Medicine have developed a nasal spray treatment using stem cell-derived vesicles that reduces inflammation and plaque buildup in the brain, delaying Alzheimer's disease progression. The treatment targets microglia cells, which become harmful over time, leading to progressive neuron loss.
Chronic neuroinflammation, driven by activated microglia and astrocytes, is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Targeted therapies that modulate microglial and astrocytic activity show promise in mitigating neuroinflammation.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes created a new mouse model to study Alzheimer's disease, transplanting human neurons into mouse brains. The study found that immune cells called microglia cause harmful inflammation and clumps of misfolded proteins when interacting with the APOE4 protein.
Researchers at HKUST have discovered a neuroprotective mechanism involving microglia that prevents acute axonal degeneration after spinal cord injury. Microglia establish direct contact with myelinated axons, exhibiting a protective wrapping behavior that delays degeneration.
Researchers found that low extracellular sodium concentrations decrease specific mRNA expression and nitric oxide production in microglia, potentially contributing to hyponatremia-induced neuronal dysfunctions. Microglial activation can lead to inflammation and regulate neurotransmission.
A Trinity scientist has won an ERC Starting Grant to investigate the role of microglia in brain disorders. The project aims to create a detailed map of how these immune cells change during brain damage, disease, or repair, with the goal of developing methods to control and rejuvenate neuropathology.
Researchers investigate how hypernatremia affects microglial responses and evaluate potential therapies. Microglia's response to hyperosmotic stress is found to be associated with NFAT5 expression and NO production.
A University of Oklahoma researcher is investigating how prenatal inflammation increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD and autism. She hopes to find a way to promote fetal resilience to inflammation using antioxidants like PQQ.
Microglia establish contact with neurons through tunnelling nanotubes to clear toxic protein aggregates, reducing oxidative stress and restoring vital functions. Healthy mitochondria are also transferred from microglia to affected neurons, preserving energy production and neuronal survival.