Articles tagged with Nose
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Researchers created lab-grown human nasal tissue to study the defense mechanisms against rhinoviruses. They found that cells in the nasal lining produce interferons, which induce a coordinated antiviral defense, controlling viral replication and reducing damage.
A new review emphasizes the importance of smell health, highlighting its role in nutrition, cognitive function, and psychological resilience. Researchers call for a global campaign to promote smell health through education, awareness, and targeted public health policies.
Researchers developed a new type of gas sensor that can identify different types of air components by recognizing tiny structural differences in common volatile compounds. The sensor, which uses custom-built sugar-based receptors, shows promise for future non-invasive medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and quality control.
A study found that intimate physical contact reduces cortisol responses, while oxytocin administration promotes wound healing. This integration of relationship dynamics and neurohormonal modulation may lead to future interventions for improved health and recovery.
A major clinical trial led by University College London has found that surgery is more effective than long-term use of antibiotics in treating chronic rhinosinusitis. The study, which involved over 500 patients, showed that sinus surgery significantly improved symptoms and quality of life for those who underwent the procedure.
A daily intranasal corticosteroid treatment with stapokibart resulted in reduced polyp size and improved nasal symptom severity after 24 weeks. Stapokibart, a novel monoclonal antibody, showed efficacy in treating severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
Scientists at Tufts University have developed a three-dimensional model to study the regeneration of nerve tissue in the nose, revealing that dormant stem cells play a key role in preserving the sense of smell. The research found that these stem cells actively support the generation of new olfactory neurons.
A new brain imaging study found that age and brain shape significantly impact the strength of connections between olfactory brain regions in dogs. Younger dogs and those with elongated brains had stronger functional connectivities, while older dogs and rounder-headed individuals performed worse in smell tests.
A University of Illinois Chicago study reveals that intranasal herpes infection can cause severe neurobehavioral symptoms, including anxiety and cognitive issues. The research suggests that the virus exploits a cellular enzyme to produce behavioral symptoms, emphasizing the need for prevention and treatment.
A US clinical trial will assess the safety and efficacy of a nasal COVID-19 vaccine developed using technology from Washington University in St. Louis. The trial, sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, aims to evaluate the vaccine's ability to induce strong immunity in the nose and upper respiratory tract.
A global team of researchers found that patients with allergy-induced sniffles and asthma have distinct fungal colonies or mycobiomes in their noses, differing from those of healthy controls. This variation may suggest potential lines of inquiry for future treatments.
High-flow nasal oxygen was found to be more effective than noninvasive ventilation in preventing endotracheal intubation or death within 7 days in four of five patient groups with acute respiratory failure. However, the results were sensitive to analysis models and may require further study in specific patient populations.
Researchers developed a nasal vaccine combining traditional pertussis antigens with an innovative adjuvant called T-vant to boost immune response. The new vaccine was shown to prevent the bacteria's colonization in the respiratory tract, significantly curbing whooping cough spread.
Researchers developed a new diagnostic tool called FlowBEAT to measure antibodies in nasal cavities, finding that more than 70% of people with mild or moderate COVID-19 develop protective autoantibodies in the nose. These autoantibodies may play a role in regulating the immune system and preventing excessive inflammation.
A team from UNIGE analyzed the formation of grooves in dog noses using 3D imaging and computer simulations. They found that differential growth of skin tissue layers leads to the formation of domes, supported by blood vessels.
A new artificial 'nose' inspired by the human sense of smell can detect undiagnosed diseases, hazardous gases, and food spoilage using existing antenna technology. The sensor distinguishes between different gases with an accuracy of 96.7%, surpassing previous electronic noses in some areas.
A clinical trial by the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group shows striking results from chemotherapy before surgery to shrink tumors and reduce tissue removal. Patients who received chemotherapy had a 50% chance of preserving vital organs, compared to 15% for those having surgery.
Researchers found that facial temperatures are associated with chronic illnesses like diabetes and high blood pressure. They discovered specific regions of the face where temperatures correlate with age and health, including the nose, eyes, and cheeks.
Researchers propose expanding research on nature's scents and olfactory cues to better understand their impacts on human health. The study aims to investigate the complex links between smell, nature, and human well-being, including the potential for unconscious biochemical processes.
A new study found that nasal cells from children respond quickly to SARS-CoV-2 by increasing interferon, restricting viral replication. In contrast, nasal cells from elderly individuals produce more infectious virus particles and experience increased cell shedding and damage.
A quasi-experimental study of 35 health care facilities found chlorhexidine bathing and nasal decolonization to be effective in reducing multidrug-resistant organism prevalence. The interventions also led to decreased infection-related hospitalizations, costs, and deaths among nursing home residents.
Researchers have identified a network of lymphatic vessels at the back of the nose as a major hub for CSF outflow to deep cervical lymph nodes. This discovery has significant implications for understanding and treating conditions related to impaired CSF drainage, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that Arctic seals' unique nasal structures allow them to conserve 94% of water during breathing, giving them an evolutionary advantage in the Arctic. The study's findings suggest that similar adaptations could be beneficial for other species in diverse environments.
Research by Hungarian researchers found that flat-faced dogs, like French Bulldogs, sleep more due to increased daytime sleepiness and longer REM sleep phases. Their EEG patterns showed signs of white matter loss and distorted brain function.
A new artificial olfactory system, integrated on a single chip, detects food spoilage by identifying low levels of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gases. The system tracks freshness scores in real-time during the spoilage process.
Scientists have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 can infect cells using multiple entry points beyond ACE2, explaining its ability to jump between species. This finding highlights the need for continued monitoring of coronaviruses and their potential to cause future pandemics.
Researchers have developed a sensitive and selective nerve gas sensor using human scent receptors. The device reliably detected dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in simulated tests, even at concentrations as low as 0.037 parts per billion.
Researchers have developed an easy-to-manufacture e-nose that can rapidly and accurately 'sniff-out' volatile compounds, including those used in hazardous waste and disease diagnosis. The sensor uses machine learning to identify specific VOCs and determine their concentration.
A new computer simulation suggests that domestic cats' noses function similarly to parallel coiled gas chromatographs, enabling efficient odor detection. This finding deepens understanding of how the evolution of convoluted channels enabled mammals' enhanced sense of smell.
Researchers created a detailed analysis of the domestic cat's nasal airway, revealing two distinct regions of air flow during inhalation. The study suggests that the cat nose functions as an efficient dual-purposed gas chromatograph, capable of detecting and separating chemicals quickly and efficiently.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination produces a robust immune response in the nasal cavity, with higher levels of antibodies promoting neutralization. The study suggests targeting the S2 region for intranasal vaccines may increase nasal mucosal levels of IgA and viral neutralization.
The new design improves detection sensitivity and reduces response time by controlling fluid flow, promoting uniform VOC concentration. The authors plan to further optimize the chamber structure for ultrasensitive volatile sensing.
A new study led by UCL researchers finds that a particular gene affecting nose shape is inherited from Neanderthals and may have been influenced by natural selection. The study used data from over 6,000 volunteers and identified 33 genome regions associated with face shape.
Researchers found that endotherms have well-developed turbinates and larger nasal cavities than ectotherms, helping to cool their brains. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of nasal cooling in warm-blooded animals from their theropod dinosaur ancestors.
Researchers describe a new approach to constructing a nose in two young patients with congenital arhinia, a rare genetic disorder that causes the absence of the nose. The staged technique involves augmenting the underlying bones of the face and creating an external nose using tissue expansion and grafts.
A group of researchers from Osaka University has shown that the segregated function of a messenger ion (Ca2+) can help improve our sense of smell. The study reveals that Ca2+ signaling plays a crucial role in regulating the amplification and reduction of sensory signals, and its processes are clearly segregated within a tiny structure ...
A recent study published in Human Reproduction found a significant association between prenatal alcohol exposure and changes in children's facial features. The research used AI to analyze three-dimensional images of children's faces at ages nine and thirteen, revealing that mothers' alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy can h...
A new study reveals that almost a third of long Covid patients suffer from persistent smell loss, with nearly a fifth experiencing loss of taste. The condition can significantly impact daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.
Researchers at Texas A&M University engineered DARPins to block the interaction between the COVID-19 virus and host cells, significantly reducing disease progression. The nasal sprays showed effectiveness against various variants, including omicron, and could provide a lower-cost therapeutic option for those at high risk.
Researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University found that brain stimulation combined with a nose spray containing nanoparticles can improve recovery after ischemic stroke. The treatment increased cognitive and motor functions, and weighed more quickly than those treated with TMS alone.
A study published in Cell reveals that the shape of receptor proteins determines axon targeting precision in mice, helping explain how olfactory neurons send signals to specific glomeruli. This discovery could lead to early detection of olfactory deficits and understanding of brain function.
Researchers discovered that mosquitoes process odors in a bizarre way, using multiple sensory receptors housed within one neuron. This uniquely specialized system may explain why mosquitoes are so good at sniffing out humans, even when carbon dioxide cues are eliminated.
Regular cannabis use is associated with a decreased likelihood of having sinonasal symptoms such as congestion, runny nose and changes in smell in adults. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this association.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 52 studies found that electronic noses can accurately detect volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath for cancer diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy varied across studies, with some showing high sensitivity and specificity.
A study published in Science Advances suggests that people tend to form friendships with individuals who have a similar body odor. Researchers used an electronic nose to compare the chemical signatures of body odor samples from click friends and random pairs, finding significant similarities between the two groups.
A new study reveals that dogs think about their toys by imagining different sensory features, such as the way they look or smell. Gifted Word Learner dogs were able to recall the name of a toy even in the dark, using a multisensory mental image.
A recent study by the University of Helsinki found that scent detection dogs can accurately identify individuals with a coronavirus infection from skin swabs. The dogs' sensitivity and specificity were 92%, with only small differences in accuracy observed between individual dogs.
A study found that humans have evolved less sensitive noses compared to other primates, with genetic variations affecting scent perception. Researchers screened the genomes of over 1,000 Han Chinese people and an ethnically diverse population to identify novel genetic variants associated with odor detection.
Researchers created a portable electronic nose that can detect the stink of wastewater treatment plants with near-human accuracy. The device is combined with a drone to measure air quality and predict odor intensity, producing real-time maps for management.
Scientists are developing new types of face masks that can kill viruses, be reused and be eco-friendly. Researchers have also found that improper mask usage can sometimes be worse than no mask at all.
A study by University of Utah biologists discovered a mutation in the ROR2 gene is linked to short beak length in domestic pigeons. This mutation also underlies the human disorder Robinow syndrome, which shares striking facial features with the pigeon phenotype.
Researchers explore how smell influences flavor perception, finding that participants performed better when unfamiliar scents were introduced without labels. This study suggests cognitive strategy and learning play a key role in aroma detection.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati found that poorly fitting face masks can double the infection risk to wearers and others, while custom-fitted masks greatly reduce this risk. The study used CT scans to measure gaps between faces and masks, revealing substantial leaks around the nose that compromise mask effectiveness.
Researchers create system to sense unusual DNA folds using chemical receptors, which could silence genes linked to cancer or promote tumor growth. The technology has potential applications in disease research and gene regulation.
A new study reveals that humans use 30% to 50% less water per day than chimpanzees and gorillas. This finding suggests an ancient shift in the human body's ability to conserve water, enabling early humans to venture farther from streams in search of food.
Researchers found that wearing a mask can actually increase the inhalation of aerosols into the nose, making fine particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers more problematic. The study suggests that choosing a more effective mask and wearing it properly are crucial to curb COVID-19 transmission.
A University of Alberta study found that 35.9% of children diagnosed with COVID-19 showed no symptoms, raising concerns about school safety programs. The researchers also found that common symptoms like cough and runny nose were not reliable indicators of infection in children, emphasizing the need for vigilance and precautions.
Research from Kyushu University shows that odors can activate or suppress the response of olfactory sensory neurons in mice, leading to complex interactions and synergy when mixing odors. This study provides new insights into how our perception of odors is tuned from the moment they are detected in the nose.
Researchers found high levels of ACE2 receptors in sustentacular cells lining the nose, which may be a key entry point for SARS-CoV-2. This discovery could lead to targeted therapies and help explain why some people with COVID-19 lose their sense of smell.
Researchers found extremely high levels of ACE2 in the olfactory epithelium, a region responsible for detecting smells. This area is thought to be where COVID-19 gains entry into the body, explaining why some patients lose their sense of smell without other symptoms.