Articles tagged with Methyl Group
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new recycling process for silicones has been developed, reducing environmental impacts by bringing materials back to an earlier state. The chemical recycling method gives direct access to high-quality silicone materials without loss of properties, making it a game-changer for the sector.
Researchers identify methyl halides as a potential sign of microbial life on Hycean planets with thick hydrogen atmospheres. The gas could accumulate in exoplanet atmospheres and be detectable from light-years away, offering an optimal strategy for the search for extraterrestrial life.
A study of twins found that a diet low in fruits and veggies and high in red meat and sugary drinks accelerates biological aging. Conversely, healthier diets slow down biological aging. The study suggests that diet plays a significant role in aging, even after accounting for other lifestyle factors.
Researchers found that plants have multiple enzymes for adding methyl groups to DNA, allowing them to override genetic instructions. The study reveals the evolutionary history of these enzymes and their unique structures, providing insights into plant resilience to environmental changes.
Researchers discovered a crucial amino acid exchange that enables PsiM to carry out double methylation during evolution. The enzyme plays a key role in psilocybin production, with implications for biotechnological production of the active ingredient.
Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Oxford found that formaldehyde inhibits DNA methylation, turning genes on or off. The study suggests that high levels of formaldehyde may suppress the body's attempts to prevent cancer.
Researchers at North Carolina State University identified a specific blend of pheromone chemicals used by male moths during courtship, including an aphrodisiac called methyl salicylate. Female moths can recognize this chemical through two smell receptors, and its presence in males' hairpencils is linked to mating success.
Researchers Dr Joshua Hamey and Professor Marc Wilkins have completely defined the essential cellular process of methylation, emphasizing its role in creating proteins. The study reveals that methylation is crucial for controlling protein synthesis and cell behavior, opening up new avenues for understanding and manipulating this process.
Researchers found epigenetic changes in post-COVID patients, including genes associated with taste and smell, as well as cell metabolism. These findings may lead to the development of new diagnostic tools for this and similar diseases.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a new synthesis method that allows the introduction of multiple B- and Si-containing groups into aromatic nitrogen heterocycles. This breakthrough unlocks the creation of versatile platforms for organic compounds relevant to medicinal chemistry. The approach enables the production o...
Researchers find that airborne chemical methyl bromide is a compelling indicator of biological activity on other planets. Its detectability increases around M dwarf stars, making it an attractive target for future missions to search for extraterrestrial life.
A groundbreaking study by Hebrew University researchers has discovered the most primitive blueprint for embryo cell creation. The team identified 14,000 sites in the DNA that control the development of all embryonic organs.
Researchers developed a sustainable method of synthesizing diphenylmethanol derivatives using Chinese alumina, reducing waste and costs. The new method recycles alumina by washing it with water and drying between usages, making it an environmentally friendly alternative.
A team of researchers has discovered a novel epigenetic mark in bdelloid rotifers, small freshwater animals, that allows them to control jumping transposons. This marks the first time a horizontally transferred gene has reshaped the gene regulatory system in a eukaryote.
Researchers have imaged an enzyme involved in carbapenem biosynthesis, shedding light on the process of creating a potent side chain that makes these antibiotics effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The discovery could lead to improved antibiotics and new strategies for combating bacterial resistance.
Researchers at Penn State have imaged a protein facilitating RNA modification, allowing them to reconstruct the process. The study reveals how a chemical tag is added to tRNA, improving its ability to translate messenger RNA into proteins.
Researchers discovered a new way to treat PTSD by targeting epigenetic modifications. Combining two natural products, SAMe and vitamin A, reversed PTSD-like behaviors in animals. This approach offers hope for a non-toxic treatment that addresses the underlying genetic cause of the disease.
Researchers at UNIGE discovered a new mechanism for regulating RNA maturation dependent on diet, finding that methylation of specific mRNA sequences leads to its degradation. This control mechanism ensures a fair balance of methylations and prevents aberrant reactions, which can cause diseases.
A new heterogeneous coupling catalyst for OCM has been developed, achieving a C2 yield of 10.9% at low temperatures. The catalyst's surface coupling mechanism controls the formation of C2 species, increasing selectivity and yield.
Researchers have developed a rapid, light-based detection system for deadly toxins using cutting-edge photovoltaic materials. The new sensing mechanism can detect a wide range of fumigants and chemical warfare agents, including teargas and mustard gas, with high sensitivity and speed.
Researchers at Nagoya University have found catalysts that improve an important industrial reaction, producing high yields of a compound used in various industries without toxic compounds or high temperatures. The approach offers a practical and sustainable solution for industrial (meth)acrylate ester synthesis.
A research team from Cologne has discovered a mechanism that restores cell function after genome damage by altering the DNA structure. The discovery involves a double occupation of two methyl groups on the histone protein H3K4me2, which enables genes to be reactivated and proteins to be produced after damage.
UC Berkeley researchers develop a new catalyst to add functional groups to the strongest carbon-hydrogen bonds, opening doors to novel molecule synthesis. The breakthrough could lead to rapid production of complex structures for drugs, plastics, and other chemicals.
A study published in the British Journal of Dermatology found that higher mercury levels in the blood are associated with an increased prevalence of non-melanoma skin cancer. Participants with high total or methyl mercury levels had nearly double or 1.7 times greater odds of non-melanoma skin cancer, respectively.
Researchers at UAB aim to understand the biological changes underlying major depressive disorder by studying RNA chemical modifications. They will analyze postmortem brain tissue for changes in mRNA methylation and its impact on gene expression.
A new process uses radicals to oxidize polypropylene's methyl groups, making it reactive without breaking the polymer chain. This selective oxidation results in a hydrophilic surface with carboxylic acid groups, enabling surface modification and dyeing.
Researchers developed a method to produce methyl anthranilate, a common grape flavor compound, using engineered bacteria. The production process reached levels of 4.47-5.74 grams per liter, a significant amount compared to traditional methods.
Researchers found that non-expert consumers in Pennsylvania were more tolerant of methyl anthranilate, a compound causing the 'grapey' odor, due to frequent exposure to grape flavors. In contrast, wine experts in California rejected wines with high levels of methyl anthranilate. The study supports the idea that liking native grapes may...
Researchers at Texas A&M University have discovered how methylation affects DNA's mechanical properties, revealing new insights into how cells behave. The study opens doors to analyzing other types of DNA or RNA modifications and their behavior under different conditions.
A team from Osaka University invents a pseudo-rotaxane with unidirectional movement, enabling the observation of simultaneous motion and chemical reactivity. This innovation demonstrates 'face-selective translation,' where α-cyclodextrin interacts with the molecular machine to catalyze a reaction.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism to reactivate gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells without causing DNA damage. The new pathway involves enzymatic oxidation of the methyl group attached to cytidine, converting it into 5-formylcytidine, which is then rapidly converted back into unmethylated cytidine.
The USDA has announced grants to support integrated pest management (IPM) projects, aiming to increase production and ensure food security. These projects focus on developing safer, more effective pest management approaches for various crops, including fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, and nursery crops.
Researchers using ALMA detected methyl chloride around IRAS 16293-2422, an infant star system, and in comet 67P/C-G. The discovery indicates that organohalogens form naturally in interstellar clouds, challenging the search for life on other planets.
Astronomers using ALMA have found the complex organic molecule methyl isocyanate in the disk of a young Sun-like star, providing new insights into the formation of life. The discovery suggests that these protostars are well-suited for Earth-sized planets to form and may hold clues to understanding how life emerged on our planet.
Researchers from Poland's Institute of Physical Chemistry found that quantum rotations can follow classical rules under specific conditions. The discovery confirms a new model describing jump rotations in molecules.
A new paper investigates an alternative possibility: a rise and fall in the concentration of the hydroxyl radical, which destroys methane in the atmosphere. The team's findings suggest that emissions may have risen more gradually over the last couple of decades.
A laboratory study found that a diet rich in folic acid and vitamins can impair the cognitive skills of offspring mice. The findings suggest that epigenetic changes in the paternal genome can be transferred to the next generation, potentially affecting human health.
The USDA is providing funding for research on new, environmentally friendly pesticides to replace the ozone-depleting chemical methyl bromide. The goal is to develop practical and safe alternatives for pest management in various industries.
A series of innovative studies tracks effects of common chemicals on human health and environment, examining mercury's impact on blood pressure in pregnant women. The research also provides first evidence linking parabens and triclocarban to measurable adverse health effects in newborns.
Researchers discovered that Zika virus infection leads to modifications of both viral and human genetic material, including the addition of methyl groups. This alteration affects viral replication and the human immune response, highlighting the importance of methylation in vaccine and therapy development.
Astronomers have discovered a ring structure of complex organic molecules around a Solar-type protostar, providing direct evidence that interstellar materials are fed into the rotating disk structure. The distribution of these molecules reveals new perspectives on planetary system formation and chemical composition.
Microbes produce methane by attaching a methyl radical to coenzyme M, contradicting previous ideas that relied on a nickel-based mechanism. This discovery could lead to breakthroughs in designing energy-efficient catalysts for converting methane into fuels and chemicals.
A team of scientists found that 5hmC localizes at sites of DNA damage and repair, with TET enzymes playing a critical role in maintaining its reparative function. This discovery raises the possibility that 5hmC helps keep chromatin open for other DNA damage response proteins.
Researchers found that only half of water bodies have fish consumption advisories in line with EPA recommendations. The largest fish sizes need new advisories, affecting up to 65% of sites examined.
Geneticists identify a gene called MANTLED, which helps determine the fate of sexual organs and causes male organs to develop instead as female organs. The mutation leads to plants with worthless fruit, resulting in millions of dollars in spoilage.
Researchers found that elephant seals shed significant amounts of mercury during molting, resulting in high concentrations of the toxic metal in coastal waters. The study reveals a previously unrecognized source of mercury contamination in coastal waters, highlighting the need for further monitoring and mitigation efforts.
Researchers have identified a relatively simple molecule called methyl laurate that regulates complex mating behavior in vinegar flies. Methyl laurate is detected by specific neurons and triggers courtship behavior in males, while also activating circuits involved in aggregation.
Researchers track attosecond processes in methyl fluoride and methyl bromide molecules, revealing restructuring of electron shells caused by ionizing laser pulses. This method opens up new possibilities for studying fine chemical processes critical to molecular biology.
Researchers at NIST have developed a precise method to measure the structural configuration of monoclonal antibodies using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. This technique allows for high-resolution spectral analysis, enabling the determination of whether protein folding is occurring as desired, and pote...
Researchers have discovered that highly efficient DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) enzymes found in cancer cells are responsible for the abnormal turning on and off of genes. The findings suggest that a drug targeting this enzyme may be beneficial for cancer treatment, potentially reducing cancer relapse.
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Joint BioEnergy Institute have successfully increased the production of methyl ketones in E. coli bacteria by 160-fold, a significant improvement over previous results. The breakthrough could lead to the development of clean and renewable blending agents for diesel fuel.
A study found that methyl oleate in biodiesel emissions reacts with ozone to reduce surfactant properties, slowing down water droplet growth and cloud formation. The reaction could impact the water cycle by altering cloud formations and rainfall patterns.
Four species, including a bacterium and wasp, share the same odor signal to exploit their prey, demonstrating complex communication networks in nature. The study highlights the role of volatile organic compounds in facilitating predator-prey relationships between different species.
A study of over 1,000 mother-child pairs found that maternal intake of folate and other methyl donors during the first trimester was associated with a lower risk of childhood asthma. Only dietary vitamin B12 and choline were linked to reduced asthma prevalence.
A recent study by UChicago scientists reveals how the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on mRNA affects the half-life of mRNA, regulating cellular protein quantities. This discovery could provide fundamental insights into healthy functioning and disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and infertility.
Researchers have discovered that the majority of demethylation occurred earlier than previously thought, revealing key insights into methyl group removal. The study identifies regions of DNA that avoid demethylation, potentially explaining how environmental information can be transferred from parent to offspring.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics have identified two novel enzymes, Prdm3 and Prdm16, that attach methyl groups to packaging proteins, maintaining heterochromatin structure. Additionally, transcription factors Pax3 and Pax9 are essential for intact heterochromatin, with random binding sites in contra...
Consuming greater amounts of choline during pregnancy may lower an infant's vulnerability to stress-related illnesses later in life. Higher maternal choline intake led to a more stable hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in less cortisol and a reduced risk of chronic conditions.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle system that can detect even the smallest levels of heavy metals in water and fish, offering an inexpensive alternative to existing cumbersome techniques. The device is capable of measuring low concentrations of mercury, a toxic metal that can accumulate in predatory fish and harm human health.
Researchers developed a method to measure mercury and other toxic metals in fluids using nano-velcro, which can detect methyl mercury at record-breaking accuracy. The device is cheap, easy to use and may lead to safer foods on the dinner table.