Articles tagged with Infants
A study published in Ophthalmology identified the genetic spectrum behind foveal hypoplasia, a rare condition affecting vision development. The research combined data from over 900 cases across the globe and revealed relationships between genetic defects and the degree of arrested foveal development.
Neural speech processing matures significantly in infancy, but certain abilities like sound discrimination still develop. A study found that children from birth to 2.5 years show varying levels of maturation in auditory skills essential for language learning.
Research from the University of Waterloo and the University of Auckland found that stabilizing blood sugar levels in newborns with hypoglycemia prevents brain damage. Untreated low blood sugar can cause adverse effects on a child's neurodevelopment up to age 4.5 years old.
A study using longitudinal data from the Indian Young Lives survey found that low-birth-weight infants experienced lower test scores compared to normal birth weight infants. The study estimated a 10% increase in birth weight corresponds to a 0.11 standard deviation increase in cognitive test scores at ages 5-8 years.
A new study funded by the NIH found that amygdala overgrowth in autism spectrum disorder begins between 6-12 months of age, suggesting early intervention may be effective in reducing symptoms. The study also identified distinct brain growth patterns in infants with Fragile X syndrome.
A comprehensive study of nearly 400 preterm children born before 24 weeks gestation found a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric and somatic diagnoses. The research emphasizes the importance of providing long-term habilitation and support for these children, who are at risk of developing long-term health problems.
A study analyzing data from 159 countries found that raising tobacco taxes is associated with a significant reduction in neonatal and infant mortality rates. The research suggests that implementing recommended WHO tobacco tax rates could lead to substantial decreases in these deaths, potentially saving up to 231,220 infant lives annually.
Despite scientific consensus against their role, formula milk companies continue to market allergy-reducing products in countries like China and Russia. Hydrolysed formulas are claimed to ease digestion and prevent allergies, but most claims have been debunked by researchers.
A study found that maternal immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can reduce antimicrobial prescribing among young infants. The research, based on a blinded, multi-country trial, showed that infants of mothers assigned the RSV F vaccine experienced fewer antimicrobial prescription courses over the first 90 days of life.
A new study reveals a significant increase in digital screen time among children during the pandemic, posing risks to their physical health. The excessive screen time is linked to eye strain, unstable vision, dry eyes, and increased risk of obesity.
A study found that an eight-week mindfulness-based program during pregnancy reduced the risk of health problems in offspring, as measured by autonomic nervous system responses. Infants whose mothers underwent the program had a faster cardiovascular recovery from stressful interactions and more self-soothing behavior.
CLABSIs contribute significantly to infant morbidity and mortality in the NICU, leading to prolonged hospitalization and increased healthcare costs. The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America provides practical guidance on preventing CLABSI through implementation of specific strategies.
Postpartum mothers experience unwanted and intrusive thoughts about harming their babies, which are not associated with an increased risk of actual harm. Research suggests these thoughts may lead to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in vulnerable women.
Researchers have discovered signature epigenetic biomarkers in mothers and fathers of preterm infants, which may lead to a non-invasive test to predict preterm birth. This could help prevent premature births and their related health impacts on infants.
A study of UK baby food products found an average of 9 promotional claims per product, with many implying indirect health benefits. This 'healthy halo effect' may be confusing for parents and contributes to a free-for-all in terms of regulation.
A recent study found that prenatal exposure to phthalates in maternal and cord blood may affect birth outcomes in infants, with potential estrogenic effects in females and anti-androgenic effects in males. Higher levels of phthalates were also associated with smaller head circumference in all infants.
Research reveals that sugar-sweetened fruit-flavored drinks and toddler milks are misleadingly marketed as healthy options for young children. Experts confirm that these products contain high amounts of added sugars, non-nutritive sweeteners, and little to no juice.
A new study found significant variation in preterm birth rates among Black parents by region, country of origin, and nativity. Despite adjusting for socioeconomic, health, and behavior factors, the researchers suggest that racism and discrimination may be key drivers of these inequities.
Researchers studied 100 babies' eye movements and brain activity to reveal that by 4 months, they can categorize objects into animate or inanimate groups. This ability emerges early, with refined categories appearing between 10-19 months.
A large population-based study found that newborns of vaccinated women have similar outcomes as those of unvaccinated women. The observational design limits the interpretation of the findings, suggesting further research is needed.
Researchers found three risk factors linked to adult spirometric restriction: maternal nutritional problems during pregnancy, low birth weight, and below normal childhood weight. Infants with poor nutrition have a higher risk of developing lung restriction and comorbidities as adults.
A recent study from Massachusetts General Hospital found that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy results in higher and more lasting antibody levels in infants. After two months, 98% of vaccinated infants had detectable IgG antibodies, while only 8% of uninfected mothers' babies did.
A large study analyzed administrative health data from Ontario and found a low risk of major anomalies with tramadol and morphine, minor anomalies with codeine, hydromorphone, and oxycodone exposure. The study highlights the need to consider both the benefits and harms of opioid treatment during pregnancy.
Research finds that read-to-infants activities boost vocabulary growth during lockdown, while screen time is linked to fewer words; children learn more words than expected despite increased screen time.
Women treated for cervical neoplasia grade 3 show declining risks of preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and infant death after treatment. The study suggests that these high-risk pregnancies should be managed with careful consideration.
A new BU study found that nearly one in ten infant deaths under 6 months old were caused by RSV, with two-thirds occurring outside of hospitals. The virus was primarily concentrated in infants under 3 months old, and preventative measures such as maternal vaccinations could effectively reduce mortality rates.
A new ultrasound technique using statistical shape modeling accurately predicts which infants with stable developmental dysplasia of the hip will develop normal hip structure. The method could spare many infants from unnecessary treatment and improve treatment outcomes.
Young children and babies use saliva sharing as a cue to determine strong relationships and mutual obligations. Research found that babies expect people who share saliva to offer help when distressed, suggesting a vital skill for learning social relationships.
A new study has found that children in sub-Saharan Africa who are hospitalized with COVID-19 are dying at a rate far greater than children in the US and Europe. Children under 1 year old had nearly five times the risk of death compared to adolescents aged 15-19 years.
Researchers found that the way a newborn is fed affects its oral bacteria makeup, with exclusively breastfed infants sharing fewer maternal bacteria than those fed formula or a combination of both. This suggests that breast milk may play a role in regulating the mother-derived oral bacterial colonization.
A recent study published in Pediatric Research found no SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in breastmilk from mothers infected with COVID-19, ruling out transmission to infants. The authors analyzed 110 lactating women and did not find any clinical evidence of infection in breastfeeding infants.
A CHOP study found that infants born via uncomplicated cesarean delivery have a low risk of early-onset sepsis and should not receive antibiotics at birth. The study's findings could help clinicians tailor antibiotic use in newborns, reducing complications and unnecessary treatment.
A meta-analysis found that breastfeeding significantly lowers a mother's risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. The review analyzed health data from nearly 1.2 million women across eight studies conducted in different countries.
A new study suggests that a behavioral marker in preterm infants can indicate potential development problems. Researchers used digital eye tracking to test the infants' visual motor coordination and found that those who struggled with this task were more likely to face cognitive and social difficulties later on.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst study found that vaccinated women transfer SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to their breastfed infants, potentially giving them passive immunity against the coronavirus. The research also showed a correlation between vaccine side effects and antibody levels in infant stool.
A new study by researchers from Eötvös Loránd University found that dog brains can differentiate between two languages, with distinct activity patterns in primary and secondary auditory cortices. The study used brain imaging to compare dogs' responses to speech and non-speech stimuli in Spanish and Hungarian.
Researchers found that babies born during the pandemic's first year scored lower on social and motor skills tests at 6 months. The study suggests that maternal stress during pregnancy may have played a role in these findings.
The ACA Medicaid expansion significantly improved preconception and postpartum insurance coverage for pregnant people, leading to reduced uninsurance and insurance churn. However, the study found limited evidence that it improved overall perinatal healthcare use or infant birth outcomes.
Research at University of California - San Diego found that infants with ASD have impaired neural responses to motherese speech, which is crucial for emotional bonding and learning. Typically developing children show stronger brain activation and interest in motherese.
Researchers found that infants with autism symptoms can show significant improvement in just a few months through targeted therapeutic interventions. The studies suggest that bridging the gap between early detection and intervention may significantly reduce the severity of lifelong developmental deviation.
Kids consider track record of accuracy and degree of access to knowledge when judging a communicator's trustworthiness. Children who received accurate non-verbal cues in the familiarization phase followed them in the test phase 83% of the time.
Research in Sweden, Bhutan, and Turkey finds that low maternal mental health affects children's attentiveness, social understanding, and decision-making skills. Small community support and social networks can mitigate this impact.
Researchers found that the risk of developing asthma in infants depends on a complex interplay among the infecting virus, airway microbial composition and function, and the infant's immune response. Infants with distinct metatranscriptome profiles had unique risks of developing asthma by age five.
A study from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago found that babies born to mothers with COVID-19 during pregnancy exhibited normal growth patterns and developmental milestones at 6 months. The research included 33 Latinx infants and showed no higher rate of developmental referrals than usual.
A recent study from Tel Aviv University found that mothers' smartphone use reduces toddler interaction by a factor of four. Reduced interaction can have far-reaching consequences on child development, including language and social skills. The study also found no significant difference between browsing smartphones and reading magazines.
A 10,000-year-old female infant was buried with beads and pendants, indicating recognition of her as a full person in her society. The discovery provides insight into the early Mesolithic period and challenges previous assumptions about funerary practices during this time.
A Curtin University study found that mobile devices helped families strengthen relationships and bond over online activities, such as video calls and games. However, some participants reported devices as a source of distraction, disrupting family interactions.
Children with congenital zika syndrome exhibit different neurological development profiles, with varying abilities to respond to stimuli. Larger head circumference is associated with higher cognitive and motor scores, according to the study published in PLOS ONE.
Researchers found alarmingly high attendance rates at hospital emergency departments for children, teens, and adult victims of child abuse and neglect. Children exposed to child maltreatment have substantially increased risk of attending emergency departments during childhood and early adulthood.
Research from the University of Florida found that baby talk can stimulate motor production of speech in infants. By mimicking infant vocal tracts, babies learn how words should sound coming out of their mouths. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about the role of baby talk in language development.
A new study reveals that infant immune systems are robust and efficient, allowing them to quickly respond to new pathogens. This may explain why infants are less affected by COVID-19 than adults, who take longer to react.
A University of Bristol-led study found that three-quarters of infants experience two or more symptoms associated with cow's milk allergy, yet the condition only affects one in 100. These symptoms are often common and normal in healthy infants, suggesting guidelines may unintentionally medicalize normal infant symptoms.
A randomized clinical trial investigated the effects of a Mediterranean diet and mindfulness-based stress reduction on preventing small-for-gestational age birth weights. The study found that these interventions significantly reduced the risk of this adverse pregnancy outcome.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins APL aim to create an ideal baby monitor that filters out unwanted noises, ensuring parents don't miss infant cries. The team's open-source device uses audio processing hardware to filter out background sounds, improving the overall baby monitoring experience.
A multi-state study shows that family medicine physicians are crucial in rural maternity care, delivering babies in 67% of hospitals and being the only doctors in 27%. The loss of obstetrical services poses a significant burden to pregnant people and infants, with patients facing long distances for care.
A study by the Technical University of Munich discovered that pungent substances from chili, ginger, and pepper are transferred to breast milk after consumption. These substances can be detectable in breast milk for several hours, with maximum concentrations being 70- to 350-fold below the taste perception threshold of an adult.
The Life-Saving Lullabies project, funded by UK Arts and Humanities Research Council, investigated the potential of song as a novel public health education intervention to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. The project's successes demonstrate a model of best practice in community-led maternal and infant health interventions.
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development study will enroll 7,500 pregnant mothers and their infants at 25 US sites. The findings will provide insight into how environmental exposures, such as poverty and maternal stress, affect brain development from birth to age 10.
A review by Abbott researchers highlights five HMOs in breast milk that may provide support for digestive health, the immune system and cognitive development. The study suggests these five core Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) could help influence overall brain health due to their impact on the gut-brain axis.
Research suggests that high stress levels in pregnant women are associated with increased cortisol responses in infants. However, sensitive caregiving by mothers after birth can mitigate these effects. The study's findings highlight the importance of postnatal interventions to support children whose mothers experienced prenatal adversity.