Articles tagged with Science History
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Dr. Marlan Scully traces the journey of quantum mechanics, from its quirky beginnings to its role in solving science's toughest challenges, including quantum computing, cryptography, and gravitational wave detection.
A study by Francisco Polidoro Jr. found that NASA's space shuttle design process used a meandering knowledge-building approach, combining oscillation and accumulation to create breakthroughs. This process can be applied to other fields, such as pharmaceuticals, where temporary setbacks can lead to new discoveries.
A study suggests that volcanic activity around 1345 CE led to crop failures and famine in southern Europe, prompting Italian city states to import grain shipments from the Black Sea region contaminated with Yersinia pestis. This grain trade may have exacerbated the spread of the plague across Europe.
A new database on Brazil's domestic slave trade is part of a larger study on social segregation and the nation-state in Latin America. The research has shed light on racial hierarchies, labour conditions, and the consolidation of citizenship.
Chameleons have two long, coiled optic nerves that enable their remarkable ability to look in two different directions at once. Researchers used CT scanning technology to visualize the hidden structure, revealing a unique trait not seen in any other lizard.
A historic campaign in Argentina developed antivenom for black widow spider bites, leading to a model for pharmaceutical autonomy. This approach is crucial for fighting neglected tropical diseases globally.
The article explores how the Italian Communist Party shaped scientific inquiry through collective reflection, stressing that science is not neutral. The party led by Enrico Berlinguer formulated the 'austerity policy' to give workers back their centrality in productive processes.
A new study finds early scientific theories, such as those on gravity and molecular behavior, initially focused on inherent properties rather than external factors. The authors suggest cognitive constraints have driven this 'inherence bias', which persists in scientists' initial explanations of phenomena.
Researchers have developed a method to reconstruct functional diversity of past ecosystems from fossils, enabling conservationists to compare healthy ecosystems with modern counterparts that have been altered by humans. This information can be used to set restoration and protection goals for endangered species.
The Leopoldina and Max Planck Society have published a database of over 16,000 victims of coerced medical research under National Socialism, providing a platform for remembrance and research. The database connects individuals to primary and secondary sources, enabling further studies and analyses.
Researchers Dr. Sharday Mosurinjohn and Dr. Richard Ascough critique the 'psychedelic mysteries hypothesis' in a new article, arguing that it relies on circumstantial evidence rather than solid historical scholarship. They advocate for responsible curiosity and a focus on living traditions to unlock psychedelic wisdom.
The latest Osiris volume examines how animals have influenced human knowledge production and shaped the natural world. Studies on animal agency, individual animals, groupings, and technological systems reveal new insights into historical scientific inquiry.
Medieval medicine was more sophisticated than previously thought, with many remedies resembling modern wellness trends. Researchers have discovered hundreds of medieval manuscripts containing health practices based on the best knowledge available at the time.
The astronomical records of imperial China played a pivotal role in shaping the country's astronomy practices, highlighting the archive's importance as an arena for historical consciousness and collaboration. The records, particularly the imperial dynastic histories, were used to preserve data and build upon past knowledge.
A new thesis on Uppsala University's Main Building delves into its architectural design, exploring how the building deviated from original plans. The study reveals the significance of antiquity-inspired themes, including a dragon mural and plaster casts of statues.
Experts uncover biological secrets of Leonardo da Vinci through 30 years of genealogical research, revealing genetic continuity of the Da Vinci male line since the 15th generation. The study also confirms the existence of a Da Vinci family tomb and analyzes DNA samples from six living descendants.
Researchers analyzed 724 ancient Chinese poems to track the decline of the Yangtze finless porpoise's habitat range. The study found that the porpoise's range decreased by at least 65% over 1,400 years, with most of this decline occurring in the past century. This ancient art form provides a unique window into biodiversity conservation.
The Armour Research Foundation Reactor, the world's first private nuclear reactor, was designated a Nuclear Historic Landmark for its pioneering work in agriculture, chemistry, and medicine. The reactor employed an innovative safety design using liquid nuclear fuel, enhancing safety in densely populated Chicago.
A new analysis of 105-year-old data found that while dazzle camouflage had some effect, the 'horizon effect' had a much greater influence on confusing enemy ships. The study, led by Aston University researchers, showed that when people looked at a ship in the distance, they significantly underestimated its direction of travel.
A new book analyzes the Western colonial origins of the mining industry and its post-colonial legacies in the Central African Copperbelt. The research reveals the significant role of Chinese investors in modernizing mines, claiming to support a sustainable future.
Paleontologists re-evaluate fossil records and discover a previously unknown predatory dinosaur species, Tameryraptor markgrafi, with significant differences from Carcharodontosaurus. The new findings suggest a more diverse dinosaur fauna in North Africa than previously thought.
A team of researchers integrated historical records from missionaries and early explorers in Tanzania to enhance the accuracy of climate change models. The study provides a longer record of climate change in the region, which can help verify climate models over the data-sparse Global South.
A new study enhances phenology predictions using a 150-year-old dataset, revealing that plant species in the US are flowering three to four weeks earlier. The research used historical observations from a rediscovered 19th-century report to improve forecast accuracy.
The analysis of historical seismograms from the 1973 Chilean coup provides a unique perspective on the event. The researchers found an abrupt drop in ambient seismic noise as La Moneda was surrounded by vehicles and a radio bulletin warning people to stay at home disrupted the morning routines of locals.
The 2024 Guidelines for First Aid provide critical updates on recognizing and responding to mild, moderate, and life-threatening emergencies. The guidelines offer enhanced guidance on managing opioid overdoses, bleeding, and other conditions, as well as improved recommendations for emergency care involving children.
Scientists use modern technology to analyze ancient ochre samples, revealing the material's origin and history. This helps them understand how human cognition and social networks developed alongside early technological innovations.
Astronomers have studied the last unexplained historical supernova from 1181 AD, known as SN 1181, in detail. The team discovered a 'zombie star' at its center and dandelion-shaped filaments emanating from it.
The National Endowment for the Humanities has awarded a Preservation Assistance Grant to Texas A&M University's Anthropology Research Collections. The grant will help protect and improve access to the university's anthropological and archaeological materials, while also providing new learning opportunities for graduate students.
Researchers at University of Göttingen studied Bronze Age spear combat using multi-stage experiments to understand fighting styles and mark formation on spearheads. The study provides insights into wear formation, trauma, and combat contexts, benefiting future research and museum curation.
Research reveals European flat oysters formed large reefs of living and dead shells, supporting rich biodiversity and stabilizing shorelines. Historical records show that these reefs existed along Europe's coasts from Norway to the Mediterranean, but were destroyed over a century ago due to overfishing.
The September 2024 issue of Isis pays tribute to the centennial anniversary of the History of Science Society (HSS), exploring its rich history, publications, and contributions. The journal has co-authored most articles with early career scholars to advance equity and collaboration.
A new study by Anglia Ruskin University reveals that the Crystal Palace was constructed using a standard screw thread, allowing for rapid completion in just 190 days. This innovation played a significant role in the building's success and had far-reaching implications for engineering and construction.
A recent study by an international team has established a link between academic freedom and innovative output for the first time. The researchers found that countries with higher levels of academic freedom tend to have more patent applications and citations, indicating a positive correlation between academic freedom and innovation. Con...
Researchers highlight DDX41's distinct contribution to myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition. The discovery sheds light on unique pathogenesis and disease phenotype associated with DDX41 variants.
A new article from a University of Kansas scholar examines the history of state history education standards, highlighting their evolution and potential as a tool for teaching critical thinking and nuanced historical understanding. The author argues that standards can be a way for teachers to guide students in analyzing historical docum...
Researchers have successfully synchronized a 220-year-old map of Southern Germany from the Napoleonic era with modern databases, allowing for tracking of historical and environmental changes. The map was produced in haste during the wars, resulting in errors that were corrected through geospatial analysis.
Researchers re-analyzed historical data from a classic displacement experiment and found that young starlings migrated independently, using their own direction. Adult starlings adjusted their migratory orientation to reach their normal wintering areas, while local conspecifics influenced the route of relocated young starlings.
A team of researchers uncovered the geographical origins of farmed foxes and understood the role of genetic diversity in their domestication. The study found that every captive population originated from wild North American foxes, with greater genetic diversity observed in Eurasian populations.
The volume examines how disability has influenced scientific disciplines and history, highlighting disabled individuals' contributions to ME/CFS activism and laboratory research. Disability studies in science is shown to be a crucial force in shaping knowledge production.
The Great Red Spot on Jupiter has persisted for at least 190 years, with its formation likely occurring after the 17th-century astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini's observation. The spot's longevity is due to an instability in Jupiter's intense atmospheric winds, producing a long-lasting atmospheric cell.
A decade-long study has discovered a vast untapped genetic potential in modern wheat varieties, revealing that at least 60% of the genetic diversity found in a historic collection is unused. This discovery provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve modern wheat and sustainably feed a growing global population. The study used a cr...
A novel mechanical metamaterial, 'Chaco,' exhibits history-dependent behavior, allowing it to remember the sequence of actions performed on it. This property enables potential applications in memory storage and robotics.
A survey of nearly 340,000 texts spanning 79 years shows that generic terms in mental health have shifted towards "mental illness," with "psychiatric" and "mental health" becoming more common. The study suggests further research is needed to understand how language affects people experiencing mental ill health.
A new study reveals that women make up just 13% of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery membership. The authors highlight the need for education, mentorship, and sponsorship to address these disparities and promote a more inclusive future for female surgeons.
A new computer simulation model highlights the importance of cultural burning in maintaining forest ecosystem health. Researchers found that Indigenous fire stewardship was extensive across a landscape in northern California before European colonization, with an estimated 6,972 cultural ignitions occurring annually.
A recent study suggests that Canada lynx had a broader past range in the US, potentially including parts of Utah, central Idaho, and Yellowstone National Park. The researchers used a validated model to estimate the species' historic distribution, taking into account factors such as climate change and land use.
A researcher at Ohio State University resolves historical inconsistencies in the name of a popular fossil, confirming that Thomas Jefferson named the genus correctly. The correct name helps ensure accurate documentation of the history of life on Earth and its implications for science.
Researchers identified six novel protein biomarkers associated with incident coronary heart disease in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. The study found that these biomarkers may offer potential new approaches to prevention and treatment of CHD.
A rare 11th-century Islamic astrolabe with Arabic and Hebrew inscriptions has been discovered in Italy, providing a powerful record of scientific exchange between Arabs, Jews, and Christians. The astrolabe features modifications and additions made by multiple users, including translations and corrections in Hebrew.
A study published in PLOS ONE predicts that climate change will inundate over 4,200 archaeological sites along the US state's coast, with nearly 5,000 at risk by 2100. The authors used a predictive model to account for storm surge events, highlighting the need for cultural heritage managers to take action.
Researchers mapped potato blight outbreaks in the US from 1843-1845, revealing the disease's early spread and public understanding of its causes during the mid-19th century. The study provides insight into the disease's history and its impact on crop losses.
A new study by Monterey Bay Aquarium researchers found that sea otter population growth during the last century enhanced kelp forest resilience in California, increasing coverage by 56% along the central coast. However, kelp forests declined dramatically in northern and southern regions due to climate change.
Researchers at Lancaster University find that the 'r' sound is becoming weaker in England, with most young speakers softening it to an elongation of the vowel. This decline is predicted to continue, potentially erasing traditional dialects and linguistic homogenization.
Researchers from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History analyzed a 160-year-old woolly dog pelt to determine its genetic makeup. The study found that woolly dogs diverged from other breeds up to 5,000 years ago and were genetically similar to pre-colonial dogs from Newfoundland and British Columbia.
Human activities have significantly impacted the moon's environment since Luna 2 landed in 1959. The Lunar Anthropocene concept aims to raise awareness about humanity's influence on the lunar surface and its preservation.
A Victorian collector, Morton Allport, traded human and animal remains from Tasmania for scientific recognition. The research highlights the entwined costs of colonialism with practices of natural history, revealing a 'quid pro quo' arrangement to meet demand for these remains.
Researchers identified genetic mutations in peas that enable high iron accumulation, opening doors for biofortification of staple crops like wheat and barley. This breakthrough has the potential to reduce iron deficiency anaemia globally.
Historian Dr Philippa Carter argues that jobs like food preparation, childcare, and dairy production left women exposed to witchcraft accusations. These occupations, often performed by women, were perceived as a threat to social order, increasing the likelihood of suspicion and accusation.
Researchers analyzed Wikipedia's CRISPR-related articles to understand the site's role in documenting scientific history. The study found that Wikipedia's content reflects global conversations on cutting-edge technologies like CRISPR.
The University of Missouri is using a $1 million grant to develop an Industry 4.0 lab, providing engineering students with hands-on learning experiences in the latest industrial revolution's technology-centered job market. The lab will integrate skills at a higher level and keep students at the state-of-the-art level for industry.