Researchers have calculated fundamental laws of thermodynamics for a gas made up of spinning particles, finding that pressure is similar to a normal gas but at an elevated temperature. Localized surface currents also arise, enabling targeted particle transport.
A new study by Queen Mary University mathematician Professor Ginestra Bianconi proposes a perspective on the deep question of how the Universe can become increasingly structured while obeying the second law of thermodynamics. The Gravity from Entropy theory suggests that gravity and spacetime may have an intrinsic thermodynamic and inf...
Researchers at Aalto University have demonstrated the first cyclic quantum heat engine inside a superconducting circuit, enabling technologies needed for high-qubit quantum computers. The study provides a solid proof of concept for superconducting heat engines and could reduce the cost and complexity of large-scale quantum computing.
Researchers at Penn State simplify black hole mergers by applying thermodynamic principles, achieving accurate predictions of the final remnant's mass and spin. The maximum entropy conjecture shows that the merging black holes' energy and angular momentum map onto those of a sequence of hypothetical remnants, reaching a maximum entropy...
Ionic thermoelectric materials have been found to tap into low-grade waste heat with unusually high thermopowers, enabling applications such as wearable patches, smart buildings, and energy-harvesting smart windows. Challenges in standardization, scalability, and sustainability hinder commercialization.
A novel operator learning framework tackles the ill-posedness in inverse thermal problems by employing two synergistic deep learning components. The framework accurately estimates spatial material properties and filters high-frequency noise to project the final-state thermal field back to its initial distribution.
The Global Conference on Gerophysics brought together researchers from various disciplines to develop predictive models of aging. Key findings include the application of physical principles, such as thermodynamics and network theory, to biological systems. The conference highlighted the importance of collaboration between theory and ex...
Topological methods have become a robust testing ground in black hole physics, revealing distinctive topological attributes of diverse black hole solutions. The review summarizes recent work toward universal topological classifications of black holes, organizing them according to their global topological number and winding numbers.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham created nanoscale particles with a few dozen platinum and nickel atoms, leading to efficient hydrogen evolution. The unique dynamic behavior of the metals allows them to cooperate in water splitting, making this material one of the most effective catalysts for hydrogen production.
Researchers challenged thermodynamic-based framework for catalyst design and proposed new principle focusing on declining efficiency of solid-phase electron transport. They designed homonuclear cobalt-cobalt dual-atom catalyst DA-CoCo, significantly enhancing charge transport in solid intermediates, validating the new design principle.
Researchers have identified three distinct distribution patterns of alkali metal cations at the reaction interface, which correspond to electrostatic adsorption, specific adsorption, and quasi-specific adsorption. The team clarified the physicochemical origin of the alkali metal cation effect and proposed new insights for designing nex...
A study from Sultan Qaboos University's Department of Physics investigates how surface functionalization affects gold nanoparticle behavior. The research uses molecular dynamics simulations to show that varying surface coverage density can influence thermodynamic behavior and stability.
EPFL researchers have theoretically shown that heat can flow toward warmer regions in highly ordered materials, enabling the design of electronics with minimized heat loss. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient thermal management across multiple sectors, from consumer electronics to energy storage and data centers.
Researchers investigated the binding thermodynamics of doxepin geometric isomers to the histamine H1 receptor, revealing differences in enthalpy and entropy contributions. The study highlights the importance of considering conformational constraints in designing ligands with optimized thermodynamic properties.
The study explores the dissociation of heavy quarkonium in the QGP medium using a Bayesian holographic QCD model, revealing its deconfinement mechanism. Key findings include the influence of temperature and chemical potential on thermodynamic properties and dissociation behavior.
A new book highlights geothermal systems' potential to transform the global power supply, with a 'significant knowledge gap' hindering effective deployment. Researchers propose machine learning methods for optimizing geothermal energy systems and address challenges in thermal energy production.
Researchers at the University of Córdoba have developed a new evaporative cooling system that can reduce air temperature by 16 degrees Celsius. The system uses polymeric materials and has been shown to consume significantly less energy than traditional air conditioning units, offering a more sustainable alternative.
Researchers developed ZENN, an AI framework that recognizes and adapts to hidden differences in data quality. By using thermodynamic principles, the model distinguishes meaningful signals from uncertainty and noise.
Researchers have determined that computational devices must dissipate at least as much heat as the useful information transmitted, challenging earlier views of communication costs. This finding has implications for building energy-efficient systems and could inspire future computer architecture.
The article introduces the concept of an Energy and Environment Nexus as a web linking energy services, human well-being and environmental health. It proposes four imperatives of energy: power intensity, energy density, cost and scale to determine practical and sustainable energy systems.
Researchers have created transparent ceramics that can control light with exceptional efficiency, surpassing theoretical predictions. The breakthrough is attributed to the zentropy theory developed by Penn State professor Zi-Kui Liu, which explains the material's unique electro-optic properties.
Researchers use model calculations to optimize work extraction from fluctuating environments, enabling the development of nanomachines that can efficiently transport nutrients and other molecules within cells. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding thermodynamics in the microscopic world.
Researchers developed a method that characterizes collective dynamics of neural activity using principles from thermodynamics. They found that neurons dynamically reshape their interactions during behavior and that the brain's internal temporal asymmetry shifts during task engagement, shedding light on efficient computation.
A new study used deep learning and large-scale computer simulations to identify structural differences in synthetic cannabinoid molecules that cause them to bind to human brain receptors differently from classical cannabinoids. Researchers found that these substances often trigger the beta arrestin pathway, leading to more severe psych...
Researchers have linked the vanishing of specific heats at absolute zero to the second law of thermodynamics, completing a 100-year-old problem. The study provides a 'classical' thermodynamic explanation for the phenomenon without requiring quantum physics.
A study by Graz University of Technology found that brake emissions, tyre wear, and resuspended particles from car traffic are major contributors to particulate matter. Compliance with new EU air quality limits may be difficult due to the limited effectiveness of tyres and roads in reducing these emissions.
A team of researchers at the University of Basel has developed a new approach to applying thermodynamics to microscopic quantum systems. They defined what constitutes
A new study by the University of Oxford finds that the energy cost of reading a quantum clock far outweighs the cost of running it, with implications for future quantum technologies. The researchers discovered that the act of measurement itself is a significant source of entropy in quantum timekeeping.
Researchers discovered that more symmetric states can restore symmetry faster than less symmetric ones in MBL systems, exhibiting the quantum Mpemba effect. This phenomenon occurs even without thermalization, shedding light on universal principles of nonequilibrium dynamics.
A new gradient anode design addresses key challenges in sodium batteries, achieving high-energy-density and stable performance. The symmetric cell demonstrates ultralong cycle life and unprecedented energy density of 200 Wh kg-1.
A new mathematical framework, STIV, can predict larger-scale effects like proteins unfolding and crystals forming without costly simulations or experiments. The framework solves a 40-year-old problem in phase-field modeling, allowing for the design of smarter medicines and materials.
A new journal, Energy & Environment Nexus, calls for a science-based approach to balancing economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection. The journal introduces the concept of the 'Energy and Environment Nexus', emphasizing the interdependence of energy, society, and the environment.
Researchers developed a new diagnostic metric called State of Mission (SOM) to predict EV battery performance based on both battery data and environmental factors. SOM significantly reduced prediction errors compared to traditional methods.
The USC team created the first optical device that follows the emerging framework of optical thermodynamics, introducing a fundamentally new way to route light in nonlinear systems. The device uses simple thermodynamic principles to guide light naturally, without switches or digital addressing.
A team of researchers from Japan has developed a novel approach to convert waste heat into electricity with higher efficiency than traditional methods, leveraging non-thermal Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. This breakthrough could pave the way for more sustainable low-power electronics and quantum computing.
A new deep-learning model, AngleNet, significantly improves the retrieval accuracy of atmospheric relative humidity profiles from ground-based microwave radiometers. The model captures complex nonlinear relationships between brightness temperature and humidity profiles, leading to better understanding and forecasting of atmospheric the...
UC San Diego researchers Guru K. Jayasingh and Nigel Goldenfeld have predicted that a pipe's curvature can lead to a discontinuous turbulent transition beyond a critical flow velocity. This phenomenon is mathematically equivalent to the freezing of water, leveraging tricritical directed percolation theory.
Researchers from TUM and Google Quantum AI realize Floquet topologically ordered state, a phase predicted but never observed, using 58 superconducting qubit quantum processor. They probe the system's underlying topological properties and witness dynamical 'transmutation' of exotic particles.
The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration has detected GW250114, a clear gravitational wave signal confirming two long-standing theories. The study validates Professor Stephen Hawking's prediction that the total event horizon area of black holes cannot shrink and confirms the Kerr nature of black holes.
A recent breakthrough in MXene nanomaterials could enable bespoke design tailored by AI. Researchers have discovered the thermodynamic forces underlying their unique structure and behavior, setting parameters necessary for AI-guided design.
Researchers at NIMS have successfully observed the transverse Thomson effect, a phenomenon that releases or absorbs heat when a heat current, charge current, and magnetic field are applied orthogonally. This achievement could lead to breakthroughs in thermoelectric effects and thermal management technologies.
Researchers found that nonequilibrium thermodynamics explains why optimal transport theory is optimal in diffusion models, leading to robust data generation. The discovery offers a novel thermodynamic approach to machine learning research, particularly in image generation.
A new theory proposes that hydrocarbons form through multi-spheric interactions, driven by material and energy exchanges across the Earth's spheres. This study integrates multiple perspectives to understand the mechanisms of hydrocarbon formation and enrichment.
Researchers unveiled an analogous law for the quantum world, proving that entanglement can be reversibly manipulated. An entanglement battery enables efficient manipulation of entanglement and other quantum phenomena.
Researchers at TU Wien have demonstrated that special tricks can be used to increase accuracy exponentially. By using two different time scales, a clock can measure time more accurately while minimizing the impact of statistical noise.
Researchers at TU Wien have measured what happens when quantum physical information is lost, confirming Rolf Landauer's principle that deleting information always results in entropy transfer and energy loss. This study explores the connection between thermodynamics, information theory, and quantum physics.
Researchers developed a method to quantify thermodynamic magnitudes from spectroscopic measurements, revealing a 1:1 correlation between spectroscopic data and heat capacity or free energy. This allows for the study of biological processes like protein folding and fibril formation in unprecedented detail.
Researchers have developed a new approach to regularize the theory of critical phenomena by generalizing statistical mechanics. The new method, based on non-additive entropy, provides finite values for quantities that diverge in traditional theories, offering insights into complex systems.
Researchers developed a new design that increases the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by up to 20.7%, outperforming previous results without the new compound. The innovative design enhances surface interactions, leading to improved durability and performance.
A new thermodynamic theory explains the underlying laws of electrolyte design, guiding the development of advanced multifunctional electrolytes. The theory balances energy competition and entropy to determine dissolution and solvation structures, improving battery performance and lifespan.
Researchers develop new recycling concept using fatty acids to extract silver from electronic waste, making it financially viable. The process uses light and diluted hydrogen peroxide, resulting in a sustainable separation method.
Scientists are constructing novel three-dimensional (3D) carbon crystals with superhard, conducting, and porous properties through 'Lego'-style assembly of carbon units. Experimental breakthroughs have enabled the synthesis of various 3D carbon structures using different techniques.
Researchers propose a novel approach to reduce carbon emissions in cement manufacturing by leveraging iron naturally present in cement raw materials. The method enables the co-thermal conversion of CaCO₃ with CH₄ under a methane atmosphere, resulting in high-value syngas as a byproduct and significantly reducing carbon footprint.
Researchers found that the Onsager reciprocity principle is violated in the cell model of an ion-exchange membrane. The violation occurs when gradients of external forces do not coincide with local gradients within the framework of linear thermodynamics.
Researchers have unveiled the secrets of deconfined quantum critical points (DQCPs), breaking away from conventional physics and offering a fresh perspective on quantum matter. The study reveals anomalous logarithmic behaviors and identifies a critical threshold value, suggesting DQCPs can resemble continuous phase transitions.
Machine learning (ML) techniques can identify materials with high synthesis feasibility and suggest suitable experimental conditions. Computational models derived from thermodynamics and kinetics enhance predictive performance and interpretability of ML models, optimizing experimental design and increasing synthesis efficiency.
Researchers developed a quantum cooling engine that manipulates energy flow without feedback control, relying solely on quantum measurements. The engine successfully reversed heat flow, with entanglement found to influence the energy exchange between the working substance and measurement apparatus.
Researchers explore evaluation methods for sensitivity limits of quantum magnetometers, revealing intrinsic connections and relationships between quantum characteristics. The study advances theoretical development in quantum magnetometry and experimental optimization.
Researchers have discovered materials that shrink when heated, expand when crushed, and could restore old EV batteries to factory-fresh performance. This discovery represents a fundamental shift in understanding of materials science and has potential applications in construction and energy storage.