Researchers identified a new pathway linking lung tumor genetics, diet, and the nervous system that drives cancer-associated cachexia. A high-fat diet exacerbated the condition by reducing appetite and physical activity, while blocking prostaglandin E2 synthesis restored appetite and improved survival.
A team of researchers has developed a systematic framework for Raman thermometry, allowing for cross-scale temperature measurement from micrometer-scale chips to single molecules. This capability enables the study of heat in diverse systems, including power electronics and molecular-scale circuits.
A new study finds that cities with slower urban development tend to maintain plant communities and their climate benefits, while faster-developing cities experience declining productivity. The researchers hope their findings will inform urban development strategies to maximize plant growth.
Researchers have designed a new self-healing polymer electrolyte that rapidly heals surface damage within 30 minutes at 60 °C, while maintaining high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability. The electrolyte achieves excellent performance in Li||LiFePO4 cells, showing improved rate capability and long-term cycling stability.
A groundbreaking new study introduces the concept of Time-Extension Self-Efficacy (TESE), which predicts an employee's willingness to go the extra mile at work. The research found that organizations can influence these beliefs through simple recall exercises, boosting TESE and encouraging greater collaboration and flexibility.
A Korea University study reveals that reusable beverage systems can deliver significant environmental benefits when paired with efficient washing technologies. The research finds that automatic tumbler washers can maximize sustainability, while manually washed tumblers have the highest impacts among reusable options.
A new study from Chalmers University of Technology reveals that nearly half of fatal electric scooter crashes in Sweden are caused by drunk riding. The majority of these crashes occur on private scooters and at night or evening hours, with many victims not wearing helmets.
Laser light controls molecular structures by triggering IR-induced isomerization, allowing for precise control over chemical reactions. The technique enables the measurement of molecular fingerprints and provides insight into fundamental dynamics governing chemistry.
Researchers developed algorithms to enhance data center network reliability by constructing fault-tolerant paths and maximum disjoint paths in augmented cube-based architectures. The breakthroughs address node failures and improve data transmission efficiency, leading to more stable cloud services and faster data processing.
A new book by University of Illinois professor Colin Rhinesmith explores how community coalitions address digital inequality and social injustice. The book, titled Digital Equity Ecosystems, presents five case studies of cross-sector coalitions working to promote digital inclusion and combat technological inequity.
A study by Okayama University reveals that garnet governs the formation of Earth's 660-km seismic boundary, shaping the mineral transitions that control heat and material circulation. This finding provides a unified explanation for complex seismic observations and supports a homogeneous, pyrolite-like mantle composition.
Research reveals that worker ants transitioning between tasks are more likely to care for injured companions due to prior social interactions. This spatial and social affinity drives wound care in ant colonies, resulting in improved survival rates.
A scoping review of male perpetrator programs for domestic and family violence in the Indo-Pacific reveals gaps in community-based approaches and evidence. The study highlights the need to engage men who use violence in their communities, with only 14 countries producing peer-reviewed literature on the topic.
A study of 17,000 EU citizens found that most view economic growth as compatible with sustainability, with values like equality and collective welfare driving support. Citizens in wealthier societies tend to be less supportive, suggesting they feel more secure when basic needs are met.
Researchers from Delft University of Technology developed a new way to predict drone instability using critical slowing down, a phenomenon from ecology and climate science. This approach can help detect system failures in real-time, allowing for adaptive strategies to maintain flight despite damage.
A slot-array metamaterial sensor was integrated into a THz focal-plane imaging system to achieve high-contrast imaging while reducing experimental time. The proposed approach demonstrated significant improvements in image contrast, tissue differentiation, and acquisition efficiency, paving the way for efficient biological diagnostics.
A UC3M study finds that crime rates are not linked to immigration status, but rather to demographic factors such as age and gender. The research also highlights the need to standardize crime rates to make valid comparisons and concludes that regularization policies can be effective security tools.
The BfR2GO magazine now offers up-to-date information on consumer health protection and laboratory animal protection. Readers can subscribe to the digital or printed edition for free of charge.
The Journal of Regeneration aims to explore regeneration across diverse disciplines and kingdoms of life, covering research from molecular genetics to clinical translation. The journal seeks to examine recurring principles shared between animals and plants, including cellular plasticity and epigenetic remodelling.
A cohort study found that mid-urbanicity neighborhoods had the highest dementia mortality rates, while dense urban cores and rural areas showed lower risks. The study suggests targeted improvements in neighborhood conditions could reduce dementia mortality and promote equity.
A new study mapped nearly 10,000 environmental exposures to human genes, revealing clusters of chemicals that disrupt common biological functions. The researchers found that exposures targeting central proteins tend to be more damaging, and that the 'distance' between an exposure and a disease can predict health outcomes.
Researchers have developed custom-designed proteins called WRAPs that can surround membrane proteins, shielding their hydrophobic surfaces and allowing them to remain soluble in water. This breakthrough enables the study of previously inaccessible membrane proteins, such as those found in syphilis bacteria.
Researchers found that psychological stress speeds up aging-like changes in hematopoietic stem cells by altering the intestinal microbiota and reducing spermidine levels. Chronic stress impacts the balance of gut microbes, leading to immune dysfunction and bone marrow defects.
A new study suggests that slow uplift of the continent played a critical role in forming Antarctica's vast East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The research, published in Science, proposes that geological and climatic events that began over 120 million years ago led to rapid ice-sheet expansion.
A survey on quality control in open-ended crowdsourcing introduces a framework and two-tier classification system to address contextual dependencies and dynamic optimization. The study also explores future research directions, including leveraging Large Language Models for enhanced answer generation and evaluation.
Researchers at the University of Calgary have developed a novel CAR T-cell therapy called GCAR1, showing strong preclinical and early clinical promise in treating sarcoma and other cancers. The therapy has been tested on two Canadian patients, with one patient experiencing significant prolongation of life expectancy by 18 months.
A recent study found that Indian school-age children are facing two forms of malnutrition simultaneously: persistent thinness and rising obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity nearly tripled between ages seven and nine, underscoring the country's growing double burden of malnutrition.
A new theoretical framework, Relativity of Spacetime Superpositions, shows that some scenarios describing quantum gravity are equivalent to classical physics with no quantum gravity signatures. The framework helps identify which experimental signatures require a quantum description of gravity.
Researchers at Newcastle University have demonstrated that attaching discarded plastic bottles to fishing nets can reduce dolphin bycatch by 88%, while fish catch remains the same. The study found that plastic bottles act as sound reflectors, helping dolphins detect and avoid the nets.
Researchers discovered over 47,000 endogenous viral elements in plant genomes, revealing the wide range of hosts infected by Caulimoviridae viruses. The study also found 35 previously undescribed taxonomic clusters, including a new clade in conifers.
A new Mayo Clinic study shows that integrating telomere length evaluation and genetic testing into pulmonary care can significantly change how physicians diagnose and treat pulmonary fibrosis. Nearly 1 in 5 patients had a disease-causing genetic variant, leading to changes in clinical care for more than half of patients.
A national quality registry, RaraSwed, is being implemented across the Swedish healthcare system to collect patient data and records on rare diseases. This will contribute to the development of national clinical guidelines and improve care coordination for individuals with rare diseases.
Researchers classified breast cancer patients into three distinct subtypes based on the cancer-immunity cycle (CIC), predicting patient response to immunotherapy. The CIC score measures six key steps in the anti-tumor immune response, identifying new therapeutic targets and potential combination strategies.
New research from Washington State University found that team initiative has no direct relationship with team performance, but is essential when paired with strong coordination. Teams performed best when members' initiative was accompanied by successful passes between players.
The US research enterprise has been shaped by government, universities, and industry partnerships since WWII, fueling technological progress and economic growth. Key to its success were investments in education and basic research, as outlined by Johns Hopkins President Ronald Daniels.
Researchers found that ONIKURU's opening increased stay density near the facility and adjacent commercial areas, but decreased it around JR Ibaraki Station. The study used GPS trajectory data to measure the impact of walkable urban design initiatives on residents' behavior.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding the diets of southern right whales, discovering they eat a wider variety of seafood than previously thought. Analysis of whale poo from around the world has revealed a diverse diet including crabs, shrimp, and jellyfish, which may help them adapt to climate change.
The symposium aims to showcase cutting-edge academic achievements and innovative applications from the global energy community. It will tackle key energy challenges through in-depth academic dialogue.
A team from the University of Osaka has created a high-throughput platform to engineer versatile biosensors that can track lipid molecules in living cells. This method, called Cell surface Liposome Binding (CLiB) assay, uses yeast cells and fluorescence readouts to test protein variants' binding to lipids.
A new study by Rice University researcher Conner Joyce examines the evolution of cybercriminal communities into politically motivated networks. The research found that online interactions can create strong social bonds that facilitate the spread of political and extremist beliefs.
A new study by Thales Papagiannakopoulos and colleagues found that lung cancer tumors talk directly to the nervous system through sensory neurons in the lungs, promoting cachexia. Silencing these nerves or blocking the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) reduced cachexia, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.
Researchers at IISc discovered that low-frequency ultrasound can selectively target and kill oral cancer cells, while leaving healthy tissues unharmed. This approach uses moderate mechanical forces to damage cancer cells beyond their ability to recover, potentially leading to safer treatment strategies for oral cancer.
The paper proposes that competition is a key pathway through which evolutionary mismatch contributes to stress and poorer wellbeing. It suggests designing interventions that work with rather than against our evolved human nature to create cities and communities that feel less alienating and more supportive of everyday wellbeing.
New research from University of Georgia finds that prescribed burns are a significant source of fine particle pollution, affecting nearby communities. The study analyzed state burn permit records and found that Georgia experiences the highest population exposure to fine particle pollution, with over 40 smoke-impacted days annually.
Researchers have developed a gene-editing tool that unlocks the secrets of fungi, a kingdom rich in antibacterial compounds. The tool, called fPE7max, enables precise control over DNA sequences and has identified three novel molecules with anti-cancer properties.
Researchers argue that aphantasia poses a challenge to Hume's theory, suggesting that mental imagery may not be as central to human thought as previously assumed. Despite lacking visual images, individuals with aphantasia can reason about abstract concepts and engage in cognitive processes similarly to others.
The revised guidelines in Japan bring human embryo model research under a single oversight system, requiring ethics review and public availability of findings. Key differences with international guidelines, such as ISSCR, concern the definition of human embryo models and covered research types, including organoid studies.
Researchers developed a novel approach to analyze SELinux policies using formal semantics and theorem proving, identifying issues in real-world policies like refpolicy and AOSP policy. The method provides a unified way to analyze security properties with formal guarantees.
A team at Graz University of Technology has solved the puzzle of MOF thin film structure using advanced diffraction techniques and computational modeling. They found that prototypical Cu(bdc) thin films are not porous as expected, but instead densely packed with additional hydroxide groups.
Researchers mapped the human kidney's developmental axis and engineered synthetic organizer cells to recreate key signals, producing improved lab-grown organoids. These advances enable more reliable models for studying disease and evaluating potential therapies.
A new study from the University of Groningen shows that properly characterizing 3D-printed materials is key to predicting their behavior. The researchers successfully designed and manufactured structures that exhibited excellent vibration attenuation and other exotic properties.
Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have identified genetic factors that determine whether prostate cancers are susceptible to ferroptosis. SPOP mutations and CHD1 deletions could serve as biomarkers to help identify patients who may benefit from emerging ferroptosis-based therapies.
Professor Mario Ruben receives EUR 2.5 million ERC Advanced Grant for his research on multi-state qubits, called qudits, generated by nuclear spins of molecules. The goal is to improve scalability and controllability of quantum mechanics devices towards the Quantum Internet.
A long-term study by Hiroshima University found that lingering symptoms of COVID-19 became less common after the Omicron variant arrived, but some people continued to experience health problems years after infection. The study showed that recovery from COVID-19 does not always end when the infection clears, and that some individuals ma...
Researchers found that a fungus's metabolic breadth, or range of nutrients it can use, links its ability to kill insects, partner with plants, and thrive in different ecological roles. Strains capable of using a wider range of nutrients were faster and deadlier at killing insects and more effective at colonizing plant roots.
Researchers at Hiroshima University discovered a crab trapped in a plastic bottle off Okinawa, Japan, which survived for two months by feeding on juvenile fishes and algae inside the bottle. The study highlights the dangers of marine plastic pollution on small marine animals.
Researchers found that honeybee queens will take up and pass on pesticide contamination to their eggs when worker bees can no longer filter out the toxins. This process, called maternal offloading, allows the queen to shield herself from harm but may also harm her offspring.
Researchers have identified Rickettsia typhi in cat fleas collected from domestic cats in the Rio Grande Valley, a region with high numbers of human cases of murine typhus. Controlling flea infestations on cats is crucial for protecting both animal and human health.
Research reveals microbiota's influence on virus transmission, either promoting or suppressing it depending on its location in the cycle. Microbiota from hosts and vectors can affect mosquito attraction to infected hosts and viral infection within mosquitoes.
A new study found that hypoxic liver injury is a common complication affecting over one in five patients with severe ARDS, strongly associated with increased mortality. The study suggests that HLI may serve as a valuable prognostic marker and reflection of systemic disease severity in critically ill patients.