New analysis supports the brain lag hypothesis, suggesting that some primate lineages' brain sizes overshot expectations after catching up with body size. This finding implies that large-brained primates may have evolved to form complex social groups for protection.
Researchers found that a small subset of T cells, called stem T cells, are responsible for making new T cells and replenishing them in chronic disease. Boosting these rare stem T cells overcame T cell exhaustion in chronic infection and removed overactive immune cells in type 1 diabetes.
Researchers created a detailed map of the pulvinar, a deep brain region that could help doctors precisely target brain stimulation therapies for people with drug-resistant epilepsy. The study reveals that brain regions separated by only a few millimeters connect to entirely different brain networks.
A new clinical trial led by University College London researchers found that ten weeks of cognitive rehabilitation can help people with long Covid symptoms such as brain fog achieve their goals in returning to work and hobbies. The treatment yielded benefits that lasted for at least six months for most participants.
Researchers from the University of Tokyo demonstrate that classic theory does not hold in areas with low dip angles, explaining why giant earthquakes can form in such areas. The study's findings provide a theoretical basis to extend observation efforts to previously overlooked features.
A study reveals Brazil has at least 82 non-native mollusk species, causing ecological damage and economic losses. The most comprehensive inventory in Brazil highlights the urgent need to strengthen biosecurity measures and monitor long-term impacts.
Researchers analyzed eight aspects of character portrayal in AI-generated stories, finding that AI models tend to 'play it safe' with their characters, leaving them mysterious or fully understood by the end. Human writers, on the other hand, are more willing to leave questions unanswered and let characters remain open to interpretation.
A cohort study found that upper secondary school settings are associated with mental health trajectories in adolescents, suggesting a link between peer environments and risk of mental disorders. The study's findings highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in understanding adolescent mental health.
A team of scientists found that a small subset of T cells called stem T cells are responsible for making new T cells and replenishing them in chronic disease. These rare stem T cells express the protein LEF1, which is key to their persistence. Boosting LEF1-positive cells overcame T cell exhaustion in chronic infection, while removing ...
A University of Otago study analyzing 15,000 head acceleration events from community rugby players found significant sex and size biases in injury risk predictions using a one-size-fits-all approach.
A study by Rutgers researcher Chien-Chung Huang found that compulsive smartphone habits in older adults can deepen depression. Limited social participation and smartphone addiction were strong predictors of depression, while phone use supporting relationships and interactions was protective.
Casdatifan, a next-generation HIF-2α inhibitor, demonstrates effectiveness in treating metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with manageable side effects and promising signs of efficacy.
A Stanford-led study found that pollution is causing fish hybrids to form in a Mexican river, threatening species diversity. The researchers analyzed water and fish samples from four rivers and found that those with higher levels of chemicals and heavy metals had more hybridized swordtail fish.
Researchers at McMaster University have developed a cancer immunotherapy strategy targeting glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive brain tumours. The therapy, using Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy, recognizes and attacks both the tumour cells and immune cells that support their growth, offering a new approach to treatment.
Researchers at KAIST have developed a prodrug that selectively activates in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease, reducing reactive oxygen species and preventing amyloid beta aggregation. This approach shows promise for next-generation dementia treatment.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have developed a new technique that enables the precise location of cancer-fighting antibodies in human tumors. The technique, known as single-cell spatial pharmacobiology, allows for detailed imaging of antibody binding to specific cells within the tumor microenvironment.
Researchers developed a strategy to attack glioblastoma on two fronts by targeting the tumour and its immune support system. In preclinical models, the therapy eliminated detectable tumours and led to long-term disease-free survival.
Scientists have discovered a 518-million-year-old fossil named Urokodia, which shows the earliest evidence of spiders' fangs. The fossils revealed two pincer-like limbs emerging behind the eyes, marking the beginning of chelicerae. This discovery sheds light on the origin of spider bites and book gills in the Chelicerate family.
The University of Rochester has launched the Virtual Institute for the Physics of Agentic Intelligence (VIPAI) with a $4.2 million grant from the John Templeton Foundation. Researchers aim to investigate whether artificial intelligence systems can exhibit autonomous agency and goals, like living beings.
A new study published in PLOS One found that slower maternal vocal responses at 12 months may predict later childhood behavior disorders such as ADHD. The study analyzed data from 158 mother-infant pairs and found associations between slow maternal responses and increased odds of psychiatric diagnoses by age seven.
Researchers created nanozyme proximity labeling (NPL) to visualize protein interactions and trafficking pathways of nanoparticles in live cells. The technique provides a high-resolution, in situ snapshot of how surface modifications influence nanoparticle destinations.
Researchers found that patients with Parkinson's disease showing little to no Lewy bodies despite long-standing, clinically advanced disease. The study provides new insight into the relationship between clinical symptoms and neuropathological progression.
Researchers have identified a key marker of highly aggressive and treatment-resistant colorectal cancer cells. Combining chemotherapy with TROP2-targeted therapies significantly improves effectiveness in laboratory trials.
Researchers found that animal models with Alzheimer’s-related brain changes developed problems with cognitive flexibility months before showing signs of memory impairment. The study suggests that Alzheimer’s disease may affect neural circuits involved in executive function and adaptability before causing noticeable memory problems.
The American Heart Association has named its new volunteer leaders for the 2026-27 fiscal year, including Manesh R. Patel as volunteer president and Lee A. Shapiro as chairperson. Patel is a physician/scientist specializing in interventional cardiology, while Shapiro is a financial expert in health technology.
New essay highlights policy priorities to safeguard urban forests, essential infrastructure for climate emergency resilience and equity. The authors emphasize the vital role of these ecosystems in promoting biodiversity and improving public health.
The University of Alicante is part of the international team producing the World Ocean Assessment, the most ambitious report on the current state of seas and oceans. The assessment highlights the urgent need to protect marine ecosystems, which are essential for human well-being and face unprecedented challenges from climate change, pol...
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers suggests that reaching net-zero emissions by mid-century will substantially improve public health in the US. The study found that climate strategies relying less on carbon dioxide removal lead to better air quality and lower premature deaths.
A Thai study found that shelter dogs in more crowded conditions tend to have disrupted gut microbiomes compared to those with more space. The research analyzed stress, metabolism, and fecal microbiota in dogs, providing insights into the impact of shelter conditions on animal health.
Researchers call for hearing tests to be a standard part of diabetes care due to its high prevalence among adults with type 2 diabetes. A systematic review of 29 studies found that hearing loss is a significant yet under-recognised complication, affecting daily conversations and quality of life.
A new skill-based reinforcement learning approach refines hierarchical policy through dynamical skill refinement, achieving higher asymptotic performance and stable improvement compared to SOTA methods. The unified optimization objective guarantees performance improvement in TA-MDP and optimizes the original MDP's performance lower bound.
Researchers developed a dye-sensitized core-shell structure using Yb3+ as an 'energy relay' to achieve synergistic cascade energy transfer between ICG and the Er3+ core under 808 nm excitation. The system enhances luminescence intensity by nearly 2000-fold, providing superior performance for high-resolution imaging in deep tissues.
A new evolutionary theory proposes that asexual parasites can temporarily infect a wider range of hosts as harmful genetic mutations build up. This process, known as Ratchet-Driven Generalism, may make the parasite less specialized and more adaptable. However, it may also ultimately reduce fitness and increase extinction risk.
A new study co-led by Aston University researchers has found no association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The research analyzed electronic medical records from over 708,000 mother-child pairs in Hong Kong spanning two decades.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen found that people diagnosed with ADHD or autism in recent years have a lower genetic predisposition than those diagnosed earlier. The study suggests that today's diagnoses encompass a broader group of individuals and milder symptom profiles. This shift is attributed to changes in diagnostic...
A study reveals that Alzheimer's disease biomarkers are associated with rapid cognitive decline and progression to dementia in people over 80. The presence of these biomarkers identifies patients at risk of more significant impairment and loss of independence, even within the context of multiple coexisting conditions.
Researchers at Xidian University have developed a photonic spiking hashing framework that generates stable binary codes for fast similarity retrieval. The approach overcomes challenges in implementing hashing retrieval in physical photonic hardware, achieving reliable performance on image and text retrieval tasks.
The American Meteorological Society (AMS) has released a statement expressing concerns about the proposed OMB rule on federal grantmaking changes. The rule could reduce public access to weather information, slow commercialization of advances in weather science, and limit scientific collaboration.
The team successfully generates a supercontinuum exceeding three octaves in the UV-to-MIR range, using thin-film lithium tantalate and reaching wavelengths below 270 nm. This breakthrough enables compact sources for spectroscopy and fundamental physics applications.
The European Association of Preventive Cardiology has published a comprehensive framework guiding cardiac evaluation in the Armed Forces. The new statement recommends cardiac screening for all new military recruits and individuals engaging in high-hazard duty occupations, including ECG-based testing and cardiovascular risk assessment.
Researchers discovered how ATRX mutations reprogram gene regulation architecture to fuel glioma growth and progression. Targeting genes downstream of ATRX slowed cancer progression in preclinical models.
A new molecule, TP-An, enables highly efficient triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion, converting low-energy green light to high-energy purple light. The molecule achieves a nearly comparable upconversion performance and works well even at high concentrations.
A new review investigates the impact of aging, stress, and behavior on endocrine dysfunctions in nonhuman primates. The study finds that older monkeys with depression-like behavior exhibit impaired regulation of stress responses and thyroid function, leading to increased disease risk.
Recently quenched galaxies stop forming stars due to dramatic transformations, likely resulting from galaxy mergers. The James Webb Space Telescope has shed new light on these phenomena, allowing researchers to study the subtle signs of past violence and compact remnants.
Researchers from Kent State University and others studied the Clovis archaeological record to determine if humans hunted or scavenged proboscidean animals. The study found that Clovis foragers likely practiced both hunting and scavenging, but it is currently impossible to distinguish between the two archaeologically.
A new record for a CIGS-perovskite tandem solar cell has been set with an efficiency of 25.5%, converting 25.5% of sunlight into electrical energy. The team achieved this efficiency through the use of optimized intermediate layers and a combination of CIGS and perovskite materials.
The study investigates PFOA levels in the Seto Inland Sea, finding higher concentrations in eastern areas due to river inputs. The majority of PFOA is transported to the Pacific Ocean through the Kii Channel, with annual amounts estimated between 328-348kg.
Researchers estimate that relabeling Grade Group 1 prostate cancer as a precancerous condition could reduce unnecessary treatment and prevent nearly 2,400 prostate cancer deaths annually. This change may encourage more men to get screened, potentially leading to fewer deaths from aggressive prostate cancer.
A team of astronomers used the James Webb Space Telescope to study the exoplanet WD 1856 b and its unusual orbit around a white dwarf. The research found that the planet is significantly warmer than expected, with a temperature of about 400 Kelvins, indicating it must have been heated in the past.
A new portable ultrasound system enhances breast cancer detection with high-resolution, 3D images. The device requires no expertise to operate and can be used at home for early diagnosis and long-term monitoring.
A UMD-led study reveals that wild bats balance different types of immune defenses based on sex, age, and competition for mates. The researchers found that male bats rely more on rapid-response immune defenses, while females invest in targeted responses to pathogens.
Researchers found that Down syndrome is associated with low saliva production and gum disease due to calcium signaling dysfunction and changes in the oral microbiome. The study suggests that addressing underlying biological factors and improving oral hygiene may help alleviate these issues.
Dr. Logan Townsend joins Pennington Biomedical to study the connection between metabolic disease and mental health, investigating circulating factors influencing anxiety and depression. His research program aims to improve both metabolic and mental health outcomes.
The institute will leverage expertise to model interactions between computing, energy systems and the grid. King aims to guide research and development in thermal management, power system architecture, and more.
Professor Robert Thomson will receive the prestigious Princess Royal Silver Medal for his groundbreaking work in photonics, particularly in developing an integrated photonic lantern that can be mass-produced. This technology has numerous applications, including astronomy, advanced medical sensing, and telecommunications.
Researchers have discovered a novel agrochemical target, C31, that inhibits Xanthomonas bacterial leaf blight by targeting the RNA polymerase alpha subunit, RpoA. This study demonstrates the potential of liquid-liquid phase separation as an innovative approach to developing new plant disease control strategies.
The EULAR RheumaFacts project reveals large disparities in workforce density, non-pharmacological care availability, and access to modern treatments such as biologics. The study aims to drive policy and advocacy for improving the quality of life of people with rheumatoid arthritis and other RMDs.
Researchers identify key characteristics of knowledge distillation, including variance and class output magnitudes, to address capacity mismatch. Their proposed ISATS method outperforms previous techniques by enriching dark knowledge and ensuring larger teacher models teach more effectively.
Researchers identified a novel SRV2 envelope protein that enhances gene transduction efficiency in CAR-T cells, achieving higher viral titers and superior antitumor activity. The new envelope protein is more efficient than RD114, reducing manufacturing costs and improving therapeutic performance.
The hospital achieved a 13-fold improvement in surgical safety after implementing interventions based on high reliability principles. The implementation resulted in 585 days without a single serious safety event, according to the study published in Pediatrics.