A recent study led by scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine suggests that some smokers have robust mechanisms to limit mutations, protecting them from lung cancer. The findings could help identify those with an increased risk for the disease and warrant close monitoring.
Researchers discovered a biomarker, S100A9, that correlates with radiotherapy response in brain cancer patients. A new drug, RAGE inhibitor, can reverse resistance to radiotherapy by targeting this mechanism.
Research by Sightsavers and others estimates that blind people are nearly four times as likely to experience anxiety and depression as those with no vision impairment. The study highlights the need for governments and organizations to be aware of this issue and design health services to address it.
A new study by MIT researchers confirms that a single memory is stored across many connected brain regions, challenging long-held assumptions. The study used advanced imaging techniques to map memory encoding and recall activity in mice, revealing dozens of brain regions involved in memory storage.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have successfully converted solar energy into electricity using a thermoelectric generator. The new technology can store solar energy for up to 18 years and release it when needed, making it a promising solution for renewable energy production.
A new 'Carbohydrate Food Quality Score' considers a comprehensive approach to quantify CF quality, incorporating fiber-to-carbohydrate and free sugar ratios, sodium, potassium, and whole grain content. The scoring system aims to offer relevant recommendations to improve nutrient intake and public health.
Adults with a history of allergic disorders are at increased risk of developing high blood pressure and coronary heart disease. Asthma is the primary contributor to this risk, particularly among Black male adults.
A new study finds that fracking is linked to poor birth outcomes and contaminants in public drinking water. The research, which analyzed data from Pennsylvania between 2006 and 2015, shows a significant increase in preterm births and low birth weight among infants exposed to fracking-related chemicals.
A new study by University of Warwick researchers finds that the adoption of cereal crops is the key factor in the emergence of complex hierarchies and states. Contrary to conventional theory, high land productivity does not lead to the development of tax-levying states.
A study suggests that accounting for genetic factors causing normal variations in PSA levels could improve the accuracy of prostate cancer detection. By analyzing data from over 95,000 men, researchers identified a polygenic score that accounted for 7.3-8.7% of variation in baseline PSA levels and was not associated with prostate cancer.
Researchers from Goethe University and University of Kent found aprotinin effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta and Omicron, by preventing virus entry into host cells. A recent phase III clinical study demonstrated the treatment reduced hospital stays by five days.
Researchers used GPS data from 65 bird tracking studies to identify areas where migrating birds are more sensitive to onshore wind turbine or power line development. These 'collision hotspots' are concentrated along important migration routes, coastlines, and near breeding locations in Europe and North Africa.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital identified genes that play a crucial role in maintaining healthy kidney repair, including FANCD2 and Rad51. Activating a DNA repair mechanism may help preserve kidney function in people with chronic kidney disease.
A new study by the University of Washington's Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences finds that children can develop key reading skills in a virtual classroom with other students. The 'Reading Camp' program demonstrates not only its effectiveness but also its potential to reach larger numbers of students remotely.
Researchers found that cloud tenants are vulnerable to receiving sensitive customer data when IP addresses are leased and released back to the public. To mitigate this risk, companies and cloud-service providers must implement practices such as preventing IP address reuse.
Researchers developed a virus that infects cancer cells, killing them while sending signals to nearby uninfected cells for viral attack. This approach shrinks tumors and enhances cancer-killing efficacy in various models, including pancreatic and ovarian cancers.
A new study by University of Leicester researchers reveals Neptune's atmospheric temperatures have dropped by roughly 8 degrees Celsius between 2003 and 2018, with unexpected stratospheric warming at the south pole. The cause of these changes is currently unknown, but may be related to seasonal variations in atmospheric chemistry.
Scientists have constructed a detailed map of lung development after birth, providing insights into the genetic and epigenetic factors that affect lung health. The study used next-generation single-cell sequencing technologies to analyze over 80,000 human and mouse lung cells, revealing clues on how cell types communicate and develop.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a way to use light and oxygen to upcycle polystyrene into benzoic acid, a product stocked in chemistry labs and used in various products. The process is mild, climate-friendly, and scalable to commercial waste streams.
Pediatric cancer patients from lower- and middle-income countries faced a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those in high-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that patients in LMICs had 35.7 times the risk of all-cause mortality compared to those in HICs.
A new magneto-electric transistor has been developed by researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the University at Buffalo. The design can reduce energy consumption by up to 75% and retain memory in event of power loss, making it a promising alternative to silicon-based transistors.
A new study published in Integrative Organismal Biology sheds light on the evolutionary history and anatomical variation of archerfishes, a group of fishes known for their ability to spit water from their mouths. Researchers found that all species can shoot, but there are differences among them.
A study of almost 57,000 hospitalizations with COVID-19 found acute myocarditis occurred in about two out of every 1,000 people. This rare condition is associated with more severe illness and complications, especially among those with pneumonia. The analysis suggests a need for intensive care unit admission in up to 70.5% of cases.
A randomized controlled trial of 2,275 women in Kenya found a single dose of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to be highly effective. The study results support the adoption of a single-dose HPV vaccination, which could increase accessibility in low- and middle-income countries.
A collection of policy briefs presents guidelines and possible solutions for managing invasive alien pests and pathogens in Europe. The briefs focus on topics such as biological control, classical biological control, and prevention of invasive species.
Heart complications from COVID-19 are rare but treatable in children and young adults. The American Heart Association statement highlights the importance of ongoing research to understand long-term cardiovascular effects.
Researchers found that fighters who rapidly cut weight before bouts are more likely to suffer concussions or be misdiagnosed with head trauma. The study also discovered that the practice may not offer a competitive advantage and can leave fighters at a disadvantage more often than not.
Research found that bilingualism can slow down age-related changes in the human brain, with longer language proficiency linked to improved conflict resolution skills. Bilingual speakers showed better performance in a flanker task, indicating enhanced inhibitory executive control.
A new study identifies a reason for why older adults are more susceptible to infectious diseases and paves the way for potential therapeutic targets. Researchers found that sex-dimorphic elevation of N-glycan branching contributes to age-associated impairment of T cell immunity.
A study at McMaster University found that cycling for 35 minutes three times a week increased overall fitness in people with myotonic dystrophy by 32%. Patients also saw significant gains in muscle mass and reductions in body fat.
A phase two randomised placebo controlled trial showed giving patients nintedanib, as well as chemotherapy before surgery or radiotherapy, significantly increased overall survival rates at one, two and five years. Nintedanib blocks different proteins from sending signals to cancer cells to grow, causing the cancer cells to die.
Researchers found that combining durvalumab with novel agents like oleclumab and monalizumab increased major pathological response rates compared to solo durvalumab. The study also identified key immune cell signatures associated with treatment outcomes.
A new study shows that the telestroke program prevents unnecessary hospital transfers for stroke patients, decreasing rural healthcare disparities. The program increases care efficiency and cost-effectiveness, while optimizing care for patients.
Researchers have developed a new MRI technique that captures the brain's function during normal behavior, revealing its activities on a scale previously unknown. This 'time-lapse' imaging method, called manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), uses manganese as a contrast agent to highlight brain cell activity and neural projections.
Researchers identified rural Georgia counties with high mortality rates from breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer. These hotspots were concentrated in the eastern Piedmont to southern Coastal Plain regions, as well as southwestern and northern rural areas.
The UMass Amherst-based Forecast Hub has generated the most consistently accurate predictions of pandemic deaths at the state and national level. The ensemble model combined individual forecasts, demonstrating improved robustness and ability to overcome individual model biases.
A pair of studies published by Washington State University scientists found that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can help individuals with opioid addiction reduce their methadone dose and better manage pain and withdrawal symptoms. The treatment involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized environment, resulting in significant dose reduct...
Current guidelines for treating women's obesity, hypertension and diabetes are based on men's studies. Researchers call for sex-specific guidelines to accurately treat these conditions in women, as they have different risk factors and manifestations.
A new study found that children are less likely to categorize farm animals as food and show more concern for their treatment. The research suggests that humans' moral views on eating meat develop between childhood and adulthood.
Researchers at Tohoku University propose a new method to form an electron lens using a light field, which can correct spherical aberration and reduce installation costs. The light-field electron lens generates a negative spherical aberration, opposing the aberration of conventional electrostatic and magnetic electron lenses.
Researchers investigated the structure‒tissue exposure/selectivity relationship (STR) in correlation with observed clinical efficacy/toxicity using seven selective estrogen receptor modulators. The results showed that tissue exposure/selectivity of SERMs was correlated with clinical efficacy/safety, while plasma exposure was not.
A new study published in Memory & Cognition found that eyewitnesses do not systematically bias towards selecting people with threatening facial characteristics or muscular bodies. However, participants showed highest identification accuracy for the most threatening body stimuli high in musculature.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce hospitalizations and cardiovascular deaths in heart failure patients, regardless of diabetes status. The analysis also warned of increased genital infections associated with treatment.
Scientists at IIT realized coupled light vortices forming an ordered structure, a light crystal. They developed metasurfaces to control laser beams and created 100 light vortices with tunable topology, enabling new properties for optical communications and simulations of complex systems.
New research suggests that plant-based meat alternatives have grown in market share but are not replacing traditional meat, instead serving as an add-on. The study found that consumers buy both plant-based and animal products, with plant-based meats accounting for only 0.4% of total fresh meat expenditures.
MIT biological engineers have developed a new technique that allows them to precisely identify interactions between immune cells and their target antigens. This tool, which uses engineered viruses, enables large-scale screens of such interactions and could accelerate the development of more effective vaccines and immunotherapies.
A new international study confirms the low risk of myopericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination, with a rate of 18 cases per million doses. The study found no statistically significant difference between the incidence of myopericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination and other vaccinations.
Matthias Mann, Director of Proteomics and Signal Transduction at Max Planck Institute, presents latest research on Single cell and Deep Visual Proteomics for precision medicine. The conference focuses on accelerating aging research and discovery, with top-level speakers sharing groundbreaking research.
A phase I clinical trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of a novel adeno-associated viral vector-based treatment for HIV, producing measurable amounts of a broadly neutralizing antibody. The treatment showed wide-ranging clinical implications for potentially preventing or treating HIV and other infections.
A UK crime gang study found that OCG members who previously offended together are more likely to become victims of violence, with a 56-fold increase in risk. The study also revealed cycles of escalating violence within the criminal milieu, with harassment increasing the potential for violence by 243 times.
A recent study by Wellesley College psychologist Sally A. Theran suggests that cultivating authentic relationships can help combat the negative effects of the 'superhero ideal' on mental health. Authenticity in relationships is key to mediating the relationship between the pressure to be a perfect achiever and depressive symptoms.
European soybean production has significant economic and environmental advantages, including fixing nitrogen in the soil and reducing fertilizer use. Projections suggest that Europe can achieve 50-100% soybean self-sufficiency with a 2-6 times increase in cultivated land.
Researchers recommend organizing targeted culls and creating a supply chain to make lionfish a component of the region's fishing industry. They also call for legal changes to permit lionfish removals across the Mediterranean and inclusion on the EU list of invasive species of concern.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine-led study found that COVID-19-induced loss of smell is linked to inflammation-caused nerve damage, weakening odor signals to the brain. The researchers discovered more severe vascular injury and fewer axons in the olfactory bulb of patients with diminished or complete loss of smell.
A study by University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing found that early childhood lead exposure is associated with dysregulated heart rate variability during stress, indicating a dysregulated stress response. This can have long-term consequences on cardiovascular health and development.
A new study published in Surgical Endoscopy found that adolescents with obesity who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy benefited from reduced obesity and concomitant organ damage, regardless of their age at the time of surgery. Additionally, adolescents with a family history of bariatric surgery had a higher weight prior to weig...
Researchers studied the sensitivity of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 to nine monoclonal antibodies, finding reduced neutralization activity against newer variants. The study suggests that treatments may be less clinically effective against Omicron infection than against Delta variant.
Rates of depression and loneliness surged among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly women aged 65-74 who experienced a 67% increase in loneliness. Effective interventions are needed to address social isolation, including digital technology education, virtual group fitness classes, and outreach programs for youth.
A team of NYU Tandon researchers investigated the variability of mortality prediction models when applied to different hospitals and geographic regions. They found that these models exhibit a lack of generalizability due to dataset shifts in race and clinical variables, leading to disparities in performance across racial groups.
Researchers at Columbia University are studying the effects of heavy ion radiation therapy on hard-to-treat cancers, aiming to improve treatment outcomes. The new linac booster will help scientists better understand how carbon ions work against cancer, potentially leading to more effective therapies.