Articles tagged with Meningitis
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The CDC recommends shared clinical decision-making for some childhood vaccinations, allowing parents to choose or skip certain vaccines. However, a survey found that many Americans are unclear about what this means and who can be included as health care providers in the discussion.
A recent study found that high doses of rifampicin do not improve survival rates among adults with tuberculous meningitis. The researchers are now exploring alternative treatments targeting inflammation in the brain membranes and investigating TNF inhibitors as potential therapies.
Scientists have discovered that immune cells shed their glycocalyx layer to move into tissues, changing the understanding of inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis. This finding may lead to new approaches in developing drugs targeting immune cell movement and treating infections and inflammatory diseases.
Climate change is allowing disease-carrying insects to spread into new areas, resulting in a growing number of West Nile virus infection cases in Europe. The virus can attack the nervous system and brain, causing symptoms like fever, headache, and malaise, with severe consequences for vulnerable individuals.
A new vaccine developed to protect against 21 strains of pneumococcus will be tested in a randomised controlled trial, aiming to provide greater protection for babies against serious infections. The trial is recruiting over 1600 babies across Australia and internationally.
Researchers at WashU Medicine discovered that mast cells stand guard at tiny gates through which fluid waste leaves the brain, mounting a response when a pathogen is detected to close the gates and prevent invaders from entering. Enhanced mast cell activity before an infection reduced bacterial load.
A new ultrasound-based tool has shown high accuracy in detecting suspected meningitis in newborns and infants, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional lumbar puncture. The device can correctly classify 17 out of 18 meningitis cases and detect high white blood cell levels with approximately 94% sensitivity.
Researchers used metabolomics to analyze cerebrospinal fluid samples from tuberculous meningitis patients and found that certain metabolic pathways may contribute to poor outcomes. Three hydroxylated fatty acids with a maximum carbon length of eight were strongly associated with mortality, regardless of HIV status or disease severity.
The USPSTF recommends early, universal screening for syphilis infection during pregnancy to prevent congenital syphilis. Untreated syphilis can cause premature birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth in the fetus.
Researchers have discovered that combining antibiotics with an enzyme called endolysin can protect against infection by resistant bacteria in all bodily organs, including the brain. This breakthrough could lead to a new treatment for meningitis, a life-threatening disease caused by resistant bacteria.
Researchers at Amsterdam UMC have developed a new diagnostic test that measures CRP protein in cerebrospinal fluid to quickly diagnose bacterial meningitis. The test has been shown to be very reliable and can start treatment within half an hour of diagnosis.
Researchers have identified a combination of drugs that prevents enteroviruses from replicating, which could lead to an effective treatment for global health problem. The combination includes pleconaril, AG7404, and mindeudesivir, which shows great potential for finding broad-spectrum treatment methods against enteroviruses.
A new study has provided evidence for the safety and effectiveness of a meningococcal pentavalent vaccine in young children beginning at 9 months of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The vaccine protects against five strains of meningitis prevalent in the region, and its use could lead to a significant reduction in meningitis cases and deaths.
A new study by the CHAMPS network reveals that meningitis contributes to higher child mortality rates than estimated by the WHO, with 7% of deaths attributed to the disease. The study also highlights the shift towards antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly in hospital-associated cases.
Researchers found that most Powassan-positive bites cause nonspecific presentations without symptoms, and estimated 3,000-5,000 people in the US are exposed to ticks carrying the virus each year. The study used a new testing approach to detect the virus in ticks and linked it to human disease outcomes.
A study by Duke University researchers found that combining a low-carb, high-fat keto diet with fluconazole significantly improved treatment outcomes against fungal meningitis. The keto diet increased the effectiveness of fluconazole by reducing fungal levels by up to ten thousandfold.
A recent study has identified two main types of E. coli bacteria responsible for neonatal meningitis, a rare but life-threatening disease. The research found that these bacteria can cause repeated invasive infections in babies, even after initial treatment with antibiotics.
The study reveals that neurological conditions are the leading cause of ill health and disability globally, with 3.4 billion people affected in 2021. The analysis shows a significant increase in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by these conditions over the past three decades.
The new guideline aims to improve diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcosis, a fatal fungal infection that affects mainly the lungs and brain. It provides practical guidance for medical staff to recognize and manage invasive fungal infections, with the goal of improving patient survival rates.
A life-threatening mold infection known as Fusarium solani meningitis can cause devastating brainstem and blood supply injuries among healthy patients. The fungus was resistant to all antifungal agents except Fosmanogepix, leading to the development of an experimental treatment.
A new epidemiological study reveals that bacterial meningitis can cause significant and lasting neurological disabilities in children. The infection can be cured with antibiotics, but it often leads to permanent impairment. Researchers analyzed data from over 3,500 people who contracted bacterial meningitis as children and found a high...
A six-month multidrug regimen is being evaluated against the standard nine-month treatment for adults and adolescents with tuberculous meningitis. The trial aims to generate evidence that could lead to improved treatment options and reduced mortality rates, particularly for high-risk groups such as pregnant women and adolescent children.
A significant post-COVID resurgence in invasive meningococcal disease has been observed in France, with a notable increase in cases among young people aged 16-24. The study reveals that the disease has returned to pre-pandemic levels, with some serogroups targeting different age groups.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School have successfully tested a new oral antifungal therapy, Lipid Nanocrystal Amphotericin B, against cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-positive individuals. The treatment demonstrated improved survival rates and reduced toxicity compared to conventional intravenous amphotericin B.
Researchers developed a model of the blood-brain barrier to prevent newborn meningitis treatment, with a 50% mortality rate in developing countries. The organ-on-a-chip platform enables rapid and accurate testing of drugs for safety and efficacy, promising to improve treatment outcomes.
A new vaccine against meningococcal disease has shown safety and efficacy in a phase 3 trial, generating higher immune responses than existing vaccines across five strains. The vaccine, NmCV-5, also induces a strong response to the emerging meningococcal X strain, providing potential protection against epidemics.
A study of 14,400 febrile infants found that SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces the prevalence of urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis, particularly among infants aged 29 to 60 days. These findings suggest alternative management strategies for certain febrile infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Researchers from NUS Medicine discovered that specific CPS structures and sugar combinations help Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the human respiratory tract. The study sheds light on the importance of CPS structure in bacterial survival, which will inform future vaccine development.
A study finds that the 'classic triad' of meningitis symptoms - fever, altered mental state, and neck stiffness - are rare in both children and adults. The research highlights the need to improve symptom questioning to reduce treatment delays and improve outcomes for patients with bacterial meningitis.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School identified a neuroimmune axis that bacteria exploit to cause infection, allowing the spread of meningitis into the brain. Blocking key players in this molecular chain can interrupt the cascade and thwart bacterial invasion.
Researchers discovered that sensory cells in the spinal cord's central canal can detect bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid and trigger an inflammatory response to fight brain infections. These 'taste' receptors recognize bitter substances, such as those from Streptococcus pneumoniae, and increase cytokine production to combat pathogens.
Research suggests that a new combination of drugs is needed to find an effective treatment for TB meningitis due to multidrug-resistant strains. The FDA-approved BPaL regimen is not effective in treating TB meningitis because bedaquiline and linezolid cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
A novel method developed by Brazilian researchers can analyze bacterial samples without isolating live bacteria, making it easier to detect antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The technique was tested on 873 samples and found that 51% were sensitive to antibiotics, while 17% were resistant.
Research at Karolinska Institutet reveals the glymphatic system malfunctions during bacterial meningitis, causing a buildup of toxic garbage that damages brain cells. The study found increased signs of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in rats infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Researchers studied the immunogenic potential of the 4CMenB vaccine in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, finding 90% of patients developed protective antibody levels after two doses. The trial supports including meningococcal B vaccination alongside A, C, W, and Y vaccines from 6 months post-transplant to improve protection.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified a new vaccine candidate based on nano-sized membrane vesicles that provide protection against multiple pneumococcal strains. The vaccine target two conserved lipoproteins MalX and PrsA, showing serotype-independent cross-protection.
Researchers have discovered how fungus blocks and bursts blood vessels in the brain, allowing microbes to spread and cause meningitis. The study identifies a simple yet effective method that microbes use to escape the immune system and enter the brain.
Researchers have found that the meningococcal B vaccine is 33% effective against gonorrhoea in adolescents and young adults. The study aims to reduce not only gonorrhoea infection but also its long-term effects, such as infertility and blindness in babies born to infected mothers.
Meningitis vaccines may offer significant protection against gonorrhoea, reducing cases of the infection considerably. Studies suggest a two-dose course of 4CMenB provides 40% protection against gonorrhoea in young adults and adolescents.
A Johns Hopkins study shows that a higher dose of the antibiotic rifampin may be more effective in treating TB meningitis, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes. The research suggests that high doses of rifampin can kill bacteria faster while minimizing brain inflammation.
SMART researchers identified a novel phage lysin, Abp013, with promising antimicrobial ability against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The study demonstrated Abp013's ability to effectively target complex bacterial environments and could advance treatment methods for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
The University of Texas at San Antonio has established a San Antonio-based Coccidioidomycosis Collaborative Research Center (SA-CCRC) focused on developing therapeutics and vaccines against coccidioidomycosis. The center will support applied clinical research and house an extended network of experts from partnering institutions.
A new report highlights the alarming global impact of Group B streptococcus, which can lead to up to 150,000 infant deaths annually. Maternal vaccination is seen as a cost-effective solution to reduce this toll, with significant health benefits in all regions.
A recent study found that adding tamoxifen to standard antifungal treatment did not speed up the clearance of fungal infection from spinal fluid in patients with meningitis. The study also showed increased heart toxicity in the tamoxifen group, highlighting the need for new anti-cryptococcal drugs.
A new study suggests that a novel treatment involving the administration of an enzyme that degrades neutrophil nets may prevent brain swelling and improve waste clearance in rats with bacterial meningitis. The treatment could be combined with antibiotics if needed.
Researchers have successfully used nose drops containing genetically modified friendly bacteria to protect against meningitis, showing strong and long-lasting immune responses. The new method, which exploits the natural presence of non-pathogenic Neisseria lactamica in the nose, has potential applications beyond meningitis prevention.
Newborns are more susceptible to GBS meningitis due to immature gut microbiota and epithelial barriers. This study highlights the critical role of microbiota in protecting against infection, demonstrating its importance in newborn health.
A large study shows that infants infected with Group B strep are twice as likely to have neurodevelopmental impairments and need special education compared to uninfected children. The study also found significant long-term effects, including cognitive impairment and higher rates of hospitalization, in up to one in twenty survivors.
A European survey of 1,500 parents found varying levels of support for vaccination across five countries. Parents in Spain were the most pro-vaccination, while those in France were the least favourably inclined. The UK and Germany had significant proportions of parents opposed to all vaccinations.
A recent study published in BMJ Case Reports highlights the serious complications of measles, including hepatitis, appendicitis, and viral meningitis. The authors report on three cases of adults treated for measles, highlighting the need for urgent efforts to ensure global coverage with two-dose measles vaccines.
Researchers suggest new vaccines targeting all pneumococcal strains colonizing the nose and throat, irrespective of capsular type, will be needed to prevent meningitis. Emerging non-PCV type strains cause meningitis at least as severely as targeted types, highlighting the need for updated vaccination strategies.
A new study found that peace of mind plays a significant role in parents' attitude towards vaccines, with reassurance from knowledge of benefits and healthcare providers influencing decisions. The research suggests that decision makers should consider these benefits when making funding decisions.
A common first-line treatment for cryptococcal meningitis is being compromised by emerging drug resistance, according to a new University of Liverpool research. The study highlights the need for new drugs and treatment regimens to combat the lethal brain infection.
Researchers at UTEP are studying Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungus that causes life-threatening meningitis in AIDS patients. The team aims to understand the fungus's entry into the brain and develop therapeutics to block this process and stimulate immune cells.
A considerable percentage of HIV-related deaths are due to cryptococcal infections, with C. neoformans being the most common cause. The study highlights the importance of regular CrAg screening and preemptive therapy for high-risk individuals.
Researchers at Lund University developed a new approach to treating bacterial meningitis by cutting up neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with DNase, exposing bacteria to the immune system and antibiotics. This method has shown promise in reducing bacterial loads without antibiotic intervention.
A new series of studies assesses death and disability from neurological disorders between 1990 and 2016, finding one in four people worldwide suffered from headaches in 2016. Parkinson's disease has more than doubled since 1990, with motor neuron diseases causing severe disability and high fatality rates.
The global disease burden of meningitis remains unacceptably high, with only a 21% reduction in deaths between 1990 and 2016. The number of cases increased during this period due to population growth.
Researchers at UTA have found a potential new pathway to regulate immune response, with the long non-coding RNA molecule HOTAIR playing a key role. This discovery could lead to improved treatments for inflammatory diseases like sepsis and meningitis.
Two full-term newborns with ruptured myelomeningoceles developed multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. They were treated with intravenous colistin, resulting in favorable outcomes. The cases highlight the challenges of treating hospital-acquired infections in neonates.