Articles tagged with Nitrates
Scientists found that crystalline ammonium nitrate forms in the upper troposphere during the Asian monsoon, significantly influencing cloud properties. The aerosol's impact on climate models is a major uncertainty, but this discovery improves our understanding of interactions between clouds and aerosols.
A new peer-reviewed study by the Environmental Working Group estimates that nitrate pollution in US tap water may cause up to 12,594 cancer cases per year, with colorectal cancer being the most common type. The study also calculates potential economic costs of treating those cases at up to $1.5 billion annually.
A recent study found that targeting nitrogen oxides emitted by cars and power plants may increase harmful wintertime air pollution in the US West. Instead, limiting volatile organic compounds could be a more effective way to reduce particulate matter pollution.
A study by UC Berkeley scientists found that falling levels of air pollution are causing the decline in California's tule fog, which may help improve traffic safety in the region. The researchers analyzed data from 1930 to 2016 and found a strong correlation between air pollutant emissions and fog frequency.
A study by the USDA Forest Service reveals that more nitrogen from rain and snow reaches streams than previously believed, flowing downstream at a faster rate through US and Canadian forests. This unprocessed nitrate bypasses biological filters, contributing to forest decline and growth of nuisance vegetation.
Researchers at Tianjin University have developed an alternative strategy for synthesizing nitric acid and ammonia through electrochemical reactions using air and waste nitrate combined electrocatalytic process. This approach offers a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly method compared to traditional industrial processes.
A new study found that over 5.6 million Americans are at risk of health problems due to high nitrate levels in their drinking water. Hispanic communities are particularly vulnerable, with higher proportions serving water systems with elevated nitrate levels.
A nationwide study investigated socioeconomic disparities in nitrate concentrations in US drinking water, finding that Hispanic residents and systems serving low-income communities had higher nitrate levels. The study suggests that programs targeting these communities may not be effectively assisting them.
A diet rich in green leafy vegetables, especially those high in inorganic nitrate like spinach and rocket, may prevent liver steatosis. Researchers found that increased nitrate intake reduced fat accumulation in the liver and improved insulin/glucose homeostasis in mice with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at UNH found unprecedentedly high levels of nitrate in streams and watersheds of Puerto Rico for a year after two consecutive major hurricanes in 2017. This excess nitrate may harm forest recovery and threaten ecosystems along Puerto Rico's coastline by escalating algal blooms and dead zones.
A team of Yale researchers has developed a novel, highly stable nanocoagulant that removes both suspended and dissolved contaminants from water in a single step. This breakthrough promises to significantly improve on centuries-old coagulant-based water treatment methods, addressing global water scarcity.
A new study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found that consuming vegetable nitrates, primarily from green leafy vegetables and beetroot, can reduce the risk of early-stage age-related macular degeneration by 35%. Eating 100-142mg of vegetable nitrates daily was associated with this reduced risk.
Saturated riparian buffer strips can effectively reduce nitrate loads into nearby streams and lakes by reconnecting water flow through the soil, allowing growers to continue using tile drains. The system's cost per pound of nitrate removed is $1.33 for a 40-year lifetime, making it a simpler and cheaper alternative to other systems.
Researchers at Umeå University discovered that Vibrio cholerae uses nitrate respiration to control its population expansion and survival, even in the absence of oxygen. This smart metabolic mechanism allows the bacterium to thrive in the intestine's low-oxygen environment.
A new trial found that 5% sodium fluoride varnish is not more effective than other treatments in reducing cavities among preschool children. The study tested two different solutions and showed mixed results.
Researchers found a significant association between cured meat consumption and mania, suggesting nitrates may contribute to the abnormal mood state. The study, published in Molecular Psychiatry, analyzed data from over 1,000 individuals with and without psychiatric disorders.
Researchers at UC Davis discover that photorespiration, thought to waste energy, actually enhances nitrate assimilation, a critical process for sustaining food quality under climate change. The study suggests a new biochemical pathway that generates energy for protein synthesis and promotes plant resilience.
Researchers investigated Halocynthia roretzi tunic's mechanical properties, finding that mass transferred and deformed in response to temperature and mechanical stimuli. The tunic's composition varied by position, with larger layer thickness linked to reduced mass increments.
Researchers found radish cover crops significantly reduced soil nitrate content, but decomposed nitrogen was not returned to the soil. The study suggests radish can trap nitrogen without providing a fertilizer benefit to subsequent crops.
Researchers developed an animal probiotic that can reduce methane emissions and prevent nitrite poisoning in cattle. The probiotic uses a bacteria-based approach to increase feed efficiency and decrease pathogen carriage, with potential benefits for greenhouse gas reduction.
Researchers created high-performance lithium metal electrodes with over 10 mAh cm-2 capacity and 98% efficiency. The innovative design enables reversible, dendrite-free battery operation and paves the way for future-generation high-energy batteries.
Researchers discovered that two amino acids in the guard cells' protein SLAC1 enable grasses to quickly close their stomata and prevent water loss. This mechanism allows grasses to adapt better to drought, making them more suitable for water-scarce regions.
Researchers found that drained nitrogen-rich peatlands produce laughing gas, a major greenhouse gas. The study revealed that soil moisture, temperature, and cultivation play key roles in laughing gas emission from organic soils.
Researchers found that plants in northern Alaska's tussock tundra took up nitrate at comparable rates to vegetation in nitrate-rich ecosystems. This discovery has important implications for predicting which arctic plant species will dominate as the climate warms, and how much carbon tundra ecosystems can store.
A new study calculates a 'speed limit' for nitrate removal in streams, allowing for tailored restoration efforts to maximize its removal and protect ecosystems. The researchers found that the rate of nitrate transport by turbulence controls its removal in pristine streams, but processes within sediment prevail in polluted ones.
A new study found that beetroot juice supplements significantly increased exercise duration, peak power, and peak oxygen uptake in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. The findings suggest that dietary nitrate supplementation may be a valuable addition to treatment for exercise intolerance in these patients.
A new study by Queen Mary University of London aims to develop a 'beetroot pill' that could reduce the risk of kidney failure in patients undergoing coronary angiography. The research seeks to harness the antioxidant properties of dietary nitrate found in beetroot to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy, a common complication of the pr...
A new nitrate sensor developed by Ruhr-University Bochum can analyze one drop of plant juice in seconds to determine optimal fertilization levels, resulting in improved crop yields and reduced waste. The sensor is linked to a cloud-based system that estimates regional fertilizer demand and provides farmers with real-time data.
A new study from Aarhus University found a correlation between nitrate in drinking water and an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer, even at low concentrations. The study followed 2.7 million Danes over 33 years and showed that those with high nitrate exposure had a 15% greater risk of colorectal cancer.
A study has identified a key genetic pathway in the legume Lotus japonicus that regulates nodulation in response to nitrogen levels in the soil. The researchers found a gene called NRSYM1 that, when mutated, causes the legume to continue forming new nodules even when nitrate is present in the soil.
A new study from Aarhus University finds that high nitrate levels in drinking water are associated with a 15% greater risk of colorectal cancer. The study analyzed data from over 2.7 million Danes and found that even low nitrate concentrations may pose a health risk.
A University of Minnesota study found that multiple wetlands within a watershed can significantly reduce nitrate pollution in rivers and streams. The research highlights the importance of targeted wetland restoration as a strategy for improving water quality in agricultural regions.
A recent study published in Nature Geoscience reveals that wetland complexes can significantly reduce nitrate levels in rivers and streams. Retaining or restoring wetlands in intensively managed agricultural watersheds can improve local water quality while reducing nitrate exports to the Gulf of Mexico dead zone.
Researchers at Rice University's NEWT Center have discovered a catalyst that converts nitrates into nitrogen and water, effectively removing the toxic pollutant from drinking water. This breakthrough offers a promising solution for addressing nitrate pollution in agricultural communities and improving public health.
A comprehensive study led by Leslie Stayner aims to investigate the impact of maternal nitrate exposure on birth outcomes among one million babies born in Denmark. The research will analyze medical records, household nitrate levels, and maternal consumption habits to identify potential adverse effects.
A study has identified areas where nitrogen is removed from agricultural streams, revealing that buffer zones with fine soils and organic matter are effective at reducing nitrate levels. These findings suggest that conserving existing buffer zones and reconnecting streams to them can improve water quality.
A 70-year analysis of Danish data reveals a clear connection between nitrogen utilization and groundwater quality. The study found that reduced nitrogen applications lead to lower nitrate concentrations in groundwater, suggesting that economic growth can be achieved without negative environmental impacts.
A new meta-analysis by Indiana University researchers found that no-till farming is not enough to prevent nitrate water pollution, which can lead to harm to aquatic ecosystems. The study suggests that no-till needs to be complemented with other techniques like cover cropping and intercropping to improve nitrate retention.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new system that can remove both nitrate and phosphorus from agricultural runoff, potentially improving water quality. The system uses woodchip bioreactors and P-filters to trap pollutants, with one type of filter showing significantly higher effectiveness in removing phosphorus.
Researchers found that a low silicate-to-nitrate ratio in the bay's waters led to extremely high concentrations of domoic acid, causing the bloom. This unique combination resulted in dense populations of toxic diatoms, affecting wildlife and commercial fisheries.
Researchers will study Chinese haze events and their sources using oxygen-isotopic compositions of sulfate and nitrate aerosols. The findings will aid development of air quality mitigation strategies in China.
Researchers have observed a real-time decrease in Asian dust depolarization, attributed to the coating of an air pollutant like Ca(NO3)2. This finding highlights the importance of internally mixed 'quasi-spherical' Asian dust particles as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN).
A study by researchers at the University of the Basque Country found that feeding broccoli plants with ammonium instead of nitrate increases the production of glucosinolates, which have anticarcinogenic properties. The findings suggest a potential new fertilizer treatment to mitigate environmental problems
A new study found that drinking beetroot juice before exercise improves brain connectivity and efficiency in older adults, similar to those of younger brains. The researchers also discovered higher levels of nitrate and nitrite in the blood after exercising with beetroot juice compared to placebo groups.
Research at Nagoya University reveals that phloem-specific polypeptides act as mobile descending shoot-to-root signals in response to nitrogen status, triggering compensatory nitrogen uptake by roots. This sophisticated signaling system enables plants to maximize nutrient efficiency and improve fertilizer application.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology found that oxygen isotopic compositions of sulfate and nitrate fluctuate seasonally, reflecting sunlight-driven changes in oxidation pathways. The study suggests that these fluctuations are not influenced by ozone variations.
A biomedical researcher created micro muscles to test muscle efficiency in lab conditions. The study aims to improve exercise performance for athletes and develop diets for people with mobility issues by understanding how nitrates and nitrites affect muscle function.
Reduced nitrogen input from atmospheric depositions results in lower nitrate concentrations in reservoir waters, leading to increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phosphate levels. This causes algae growth and affects water quality.
A new approach has been developed to measure the rate of movement of nitrate from groundwater into streams, which is critical for understanding how this pollutant moves through the environment and assessing water quality management. The research found that the rate of nitrate input to the aquifer dropped by 6 percent in 2013, while the...
Researchers found a significant association between migraines and nitrate-reducing microbes in the mouth and gut. These microbes can convert nitrates into nitrites, which can contribute to cardiovascular health but may also trigger migraines in some individuals.
Researchers found significantly more nitrate-reducing microbes in the oral samples of migraine sufferers compared to non-migraineurs. The study suggests a potential connection between these microbes and migraines, though it remains unclear if they are a cause or result.
Researchers found that salty snow and sea ice can increase nitrogen oxide levels in the air, affecting ozone formation. The study suggests incorporating these factors into future models to better predict Arctic air pollution.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Physiology found that taking nitrate supplements alongside Sprint Interval Training can improve athletic performance in low-oxygen conditions. After just five weeks, the muscle fiber composition changed with enhanced nitrate intake during training in these conditions.
Researchers found that a nitrate-based fertigation strategy in semiclosed soilless systems improves water use efficiency and limits nutrient loss. The study showed that this approach can prolong nutrient solution recirculation without detrimental effects on plant growth.
A 12-year study found that wider riparian buffer zones were more efficient at removing nitrogen from agricultural runoff than narrower ones. The location of the buffer zone and soil conditions also played a role in nitrogen removal efficiency.
Researchers study how plants distinguish between essential nitrate and harmful chloride ions, finding a functional complex of two anion channels SLAH1 and SLAH3. This discovery could lead to optimizing crop salt tolerance in the future.
A USGS study found historic nitrate levels in Midwest streams in 2013, with Iowa, Minnesota, and Illinois experiencing the highest concentrations. The research suggests that fertilizer application and manure are primary sources of nitrate, posing health risks to water users.
Researchers at the John Innes Centre have identified a protein in rice plants that can increase yields by up to 54% and improve nitrogen efficiency. The 'b' protein, OsNRT2.3b, allows rice plants to buffer themselves against pH changes, enabling them to take up more nutrients.
Research on Iowa stream nitrate levels reveals counterintuitive findings, contradicting models that more corn would increase nitrate concentrations. Fertilizer application and soil chemistry differences between corn and soybeans may contribute to lower nitrate levels in streams.
A new study from the University of Illinois reports a 10% reduction in nitrate load in the Illinois River from 2010 to 2014, compared to the 1980s and early 1990s. The reduction is linked to improved fertilizer management and higher corn yields, resulting in less nitrogen left in the soil and washed into the river.