Articles tagged with Nobel Prizes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Allison Institute's third annual scientific symposium featured a panel discussion with five Nobel laureates, highlighting breakthroughs in cancer vaccines, immunotherapy, and immunology research. The event also recognized scientific achievement and leadership through award presentations.
The American Chemical Society's President Dorothy J. Phillips congratulates Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi on their Nobel Prize in Chemistry win for developing metal-organic frameworks. This award highlights the power of chemistry to address global challenges through international collaboration.
A study of Nobel laureates found that frequent moves and working in multiple locations can significantly reduce the time before starting Nobel-prize winning work. The researchers estimated that moving every two years can decrease the time by two years, while being in multiple locations reduces it by 2.6 years.
Scientists at NIST discovered a novel aluminum alloy with enhanced strength through quasicrystals, revolutionizing 3D printing. The unique crystal structure breaks the regular pattern of perfect crystals, causing defects that make the metal stronger.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have discovered the first organometallic molecule containing berkelium, a highly radioactive element. The discovery reveals that berkelium exhibits a unique tetravalent oxidation state, challenging traditional understanding of its behavior in the periodic table.
The release of a unique Type Ia Supernovae dataset has significant implications for cosmologists measuring the universe's expansion history. The dataset, comprising 3628 supernovae, provides unprecedented precision and accuracy in exploring the properties of these events.
The ISSCR International Symposium will commemorate the 20th anniversary of iPSC discovery, highlighting breakthrough achievements and new research advances. The event aims to celebrate the transformative power of scientific curiosity and its potential to unlock cures for previously untreatable diseases.
Researchers introduced a novel approach to enhance reservoir computing, incorporating a generalized readout that offers improved accuracy and robustness compared to conventional methods. The new method uses a nonlinear combination of reservoir variables to uncover deeper patterns in input data.
Three Nobel Prize-winners, Ben Feringa, Jennifer Doudna, and Kip Thorne, share their groundbreaking discoveries in molecular-level chemistry, genetics, and gravitational physics. Their articles inspire young readers to pursue STEM careers and explore the latest scientific advancements.
Recent Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry have recognized the convergence of AI with physics and chemistry, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research. Researchers advocate for nurturing AI-enabled polymaths to bridge the gap between theoretical advancements and practical applications.
The American Physical Society has recognized the X-10 Graphite Pile as an APS historic site, commemorating its role in producing plutonium for the Manhattan Project. The reactor served as a facility for groundbreaking scientific research and radioisotope production from 1943 to 1963.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed a new version of AlphaFold that can predict the shape of very large and complex protein structures, integrating experimental data. This breakthrough aims to improve the development of new proteins for medical drugs.
A recent study has lifted the veil of topological censorship by revealing a meandering conduction channel that can carry quantized bulk current. The researchers identified mechanisms that allow for tuning between qualitatively different microscopic implementations, challenging traditional theories.
A study at Nagoya University reveals the formation of a superlattice structure in gallium nitride and magnesium, leading to enhanced hole transport and compressive strain. This breakthrough has potential applications in improving GaN-based devices for energy-efficient electronics.
A team of scientists at Tokyo University of Science has discovered a novel substituent migration reaction that enables the creation of complex benzofurans. This breakthrough synthesis method uses alkynyl sulfoxide and trifluoroacetic anhydride to produce highly functionalized benzofurans with high yields.
Researchers found that personal lies result in lower rates of deception due to moral costs, while non-personal information leads to higher lying rates. This study contributes to understanding the complex relationship between morality and economic behavior.
The study reveals that NO forms a new compound, NO-ferroheme, which significantly expands blood vessels and directly activates guanylyl cyclase. This finding challenges the long-held hypothesis on nitric oxide signalling in blood vessels.
Imperial researchers have imaged Piezo1 channels in human cells and organs, revealing their role in regulating blood pressure, respiration, bladder control, and the immune system. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of their role in fundamental physiological processes and potentially new drug targets for diseases.
Researchers propose a new bonding theory that illustrates how each boron atom satisfies the octet rule and how alternating σ bonds further stabilize the 2D sheet. The theory introduces a new form of resonance, allowing delocalization of σ electrons within the plane.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science created a fracture-resistant alloy through heat-treatment, exhibiting improved elastocaloric properties and resistance to cyclical loads. The Cu-Zn-Al alloy showed significant increases in grain size, leading to enhanced cooling capabilities and paving the way for innovative refrigeration systems.
Scientists have developed a conductive polymer coating called HOS-PFM that can significantly enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The coating ensures battery stability and high charge/discharge rates while extending battery life by up to 15 years.
Researchers found that deposit insurance motivates people to keep deposits immediately below the insured threshold, leading to 'bunching' behavior. An increase in insured deposits also causes savers to change their asset allocation and increase their deposits.
Scientists develop two-beam ultrafast laser scribing technology to fabricate ultrafine graphene patterns with sub-diffraction feature size. The technique overcomes the diffraction limit barrier, allowing for precise control over patterned structures.
Researchers develop a new type of sustainable click chemistry by incorporating copper ions into biodegradable proteins, making it non-toxic to living organisms. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of greener technologies and products.
Physicists have observed novel quantum effects in a topological insulator at room temperature, opening up new possibilities for efficient quantum technologies. This breakthrough uses bismuth-based topological materials to bypass the need for ultra-low temperatures.
Researchers developed a small molecule that effectively controls tumor growth by inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 binding, overcoming accessibility and cost issues of existing antibody treatments. The new molecule has advantages in terms of affordability and oral administration, making immunotherapy more accessible to all cancer patients.
A novel single-cell RNA sequencing technique, TAS-Seq, has been developed to provide higher-precision data than current methods. The new method detects more genes and identifies highly variable genes, making it a sensitive high-throughput scRNA method.
Researchers at the University of Utah designed composite materials using moiré patterns, resulting in abrupt transitions between electrical conductor and insulator properties. The study's findings have broad potential technological applications and demonstrate a new geometry-driven localization transition.
Researchers have made significant advancements in understanding the cellular level of ion channels, which are fundamental to sensing environmental signals. The discovery of fundamental ion-channel sensors for temperature and pressure has led to new treatments for conditions like stroke, hypertension, and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that laser-induced reduction of graphene oxide can produce high-quality graphene by reducing defects and improving lattice structure. At high temperatures, oxidation occurs near defects but is balanced by annealing in the center of the sheet, resulting in well-structured material.
Researchers used a COLTRIMS reaction microscope to determine the duration of an electron's release after photon absorption. The study found that the emission time depends on the direction and velocity of the electron, revealing a complex interplay between quantum physics and molecular dynamics.
The Experimental Biology 2022 meeting will feature renowned speakers, including Nobel laureates and research pioneers, who will present the latest findings and trends in life sciences. Keynote presentations include talks on vaccine science, navigation, RNA splicing, pharmacology, and cancer classification.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science developed a high-quality crystalline interface using quasi-homo-epitaxial growth, which eliminated mobility issues and enabled spontaneous electron transfer. This breakthrough could lead to highly efficient flexible solar cells and wearable electronic devices.
The summit, to be held April 26-28, will bring together Nobel laureates and leaders to explore actions to achieve a more sustainable future. The event aims to mobilize action on issues like climate change, biodiversity loss, inequality, and technological advancements.
A recent report highlights the profound implications of human actions on the biosphere, emphasizing the need for effective planetary stewardship. The study reveals that humanity is now the dominant force of change on the planet, and that we are at the dawn of a transformative decade.
Blakesley Burkhart, a Rutgers astronomer, has been awarded a $875,000 Packard fellowship to research the formation of stars and planets. Her team aims to understand how gas and dust are converted into stars and planets using statistical methods and machine-learning algorithms.
Scientists developed a new method to synthesize three-dimensional nanocarbons using palladium catalyst, enabling precise and practical creation of superior material properties. The octagonal structure is expected to lead to discovery and elucidation of novel properties and development of next-generation functional materials.
Research found that five scientific fields (particle physics, atomic physics, cell biology, neuroscience, and molecular chemistry) account for more than half of Nobel Prizes awarded between 1995 and 2017. Additionally, many papers in these fields received less citation compared to other publications.
Researchers have developed a new SSO algorithm that prevents holistic information exchange between users and service providers, ensuring better privacy. The algorithm uses encrypted messages and secure authentication to protect sensitive personal data.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have developed potassium-ion batteries with comparable performance to lithium-ion batteries, using abundant and non-toxic materials. The development of potassium-ion batteries could pave the way for more sustainable energy resources.
The 2019 Nobel Prize has been awarded to William G. Kaelin Jr, Gregg L. Semenza, and Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. This mechanism has far-reaching implications for treating conditions like cancer, heart attack, and stroke.
M. Stanley Whittingham's work on lithium-ion batteries has revolutionized energy storage and utilization, enabling widespread use of portable electronics. His research has been instrumental in advancing the development of these batteries, paving the way for significant technological advancements.
A new study reveals that Nobel Prize winners in economics exhibit two distinct life cycles of creativity. Conceptual innovators tend to peak in their mid-20s, while experimental innovators reach their creative peak in their mid-50s. This research suggests that the type of approach taken by an individual plays a significant role in dete...
Maria Goeppert Mayer's groundbreaking nuclear physics research at Argonne earned the lab a historic physics site designation. The 'shell' model of the atomic nucleus she developed remains the basis for modern understanding of nuclear structure.
Alessio Figalli, a mathematician at ETH Zurich, has been awarded the Fields Medal for solving the Monge-Ampere equation, a famous partial differential equation with applications in urban planning, imaging, and meteorology. He has also made significant contributions to optimal transport and its connections to probability.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have synthesized platinum complexes with macrocyclic ring ligands, enabling a 'triple-jump-rope' mechanism with unprecedented molecular motions. The findings hold promise for developing functional molecular machines capable of manipulating matter at atomic and subatomic levels.
The US is predicted to lose its lead as the country with the most Nobel Prizes due to declining productivity. According to an empirical study, the US will be surpassed by Germany in 2025 and France in 2028. The UK remains a strong contender with a high success rate per capita.
The Fields Medal is shifting focus from established mathematicians to those with untapped potential. Research reveals early committees prioritized recognizing emerging talent over established figures. This change aligns with the medal's original purpose, promoting math advancement and public good.
Female horseflies can identify dark cows among equally dark patches using polarized light reflected from their smooth coats. This allows them to detect host animals more efficiently in sunny conditions.
Jens Nielsen, Scientific Director at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, received the ENI Energy Frontiers Award for his groundbreaking research on producing fuels and chemical products from renewable sources. The award recognizes his work on engineering microorganisms to open new solutions for biofuel production.
Michael W. Young, a Rockefeller University biologist, has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his groundbreaking work on circadian rhythm. His research revealed the molecular mechanisms that govern biological clocks, which regulate sleep, eating behavior, and metabolism.
David Nygren, Presidential Distinguished Professor of Physics at UTA, has been honored with the 2018 Marie Sklodowska Curie Award for his groundbreaking contributions to particle detection and nuclear sciences. He invented the Time Projection Chamber, a key technology used in particle physics research.
Researchers at the University of Konstanz have proven the existence of Mermin-Wagner fluctuations, which grow logarithmically with system size and prevent crystal formation over long ranges. In contrast, small systems can exhibit crystal formation.
Researchers have discovered a new termite species Proneotermes macondianus in Colombian dry forests, featuring elongated heads and voracious appetites for drywood. The species has been described as part of the Colombian natural ecosystem, recognizing its importance in the region's biodiversity.
J. Michael Kosterlitz, Professor of Physics at Brown University, has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his groundbreaking work on topological phase transitions and exotic states of matter. His discoveries have opened up new avenues for materials science and electronics.
At the 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting, 30 young scientists from around the world impressed participants with their cutting-edge research on topics like precision measurements and quantum physics. The event aimed to highlight the achievements of young researchers, and attendees were treated to engaging presentations and discussions.
Researchers analyzed millions of articles and patents to find that scientific research is often conservative, with scientists prioritizing established knowledge over risk-taking. However, they identified more efficient approaches that could unleash innovation, including a focus on exploring new connections and taking greater risks.
The discovery of artemisinin revolutionized malaria treatment, with approximately 22% of averted clinical cases attributed to artemisinin combination therapies. Artemisinin was discovered in the 1970s and has had a significant impact on public health, human productivity, and scientific research.
Professor Nick Enfield and his colleagues found evidence of a universal trait in human conversation, with the word 'Huh' appearing in 31 languages. They also discovered that people stop for clarification once every 90 seconds, regardless of language.
The Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate Change states that nations must limit future global emissions and approve a new international agreement. The declaration warns of the consequences of unchecked climate change, which will overwhelm the Earth's ability to satisfy humanity's needs, leading to wholesale human tragedy.