Kobe University scientists have engineered bacteria to produce a group of compounds with promising pharmacological activities. The breakthrough uses a rational design strategy to create a platform for industrial production of drug candidates.
The review outlines how vascular-immune crosstalk affects various diseases, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities. It highlights the shared embryonic origin of blood vessel cells and immune cells, as well as coordinated immune cell trafficking mechanisms.
The study found that living with HIV leads to a decline in labor market outcomes, including a 4% decrease in employment rates, a 5% reduction in work hours, and an 9% drop in annual earnings. The impact is most pronounced for individuals diagnosed with late-stage HIV.
Generative AI can play seven distinct roles in combating misinformation, including informer, guardian, persuader, and collaborator. However, its use also poses risks such as hallucinations and deliberate manipulation. To effectively combat misinformation, clear policies on the permissible use of AI are needed.
Researchers have explored how human mesenchymal stem cells can help repair brain injury in children born preterm. The PREMSTEM project has investigated the use of h-MSCs to address brain injury caused by early-life birth, with promising results showing a positive impact on brain damage and inflammation.
New research suggests that inhaled microplastics can cause inflammation and damage to the lungs, potentially increasing the risk of respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Microplastics can also trigger inflammatory responses and deliver toxins directly into the lungs, highlighting a growing concern for lung health.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new technology that uses thioguanosine to achieve highly efficient and controllable interstrand crosslinking of DNA. This breakthrough enables reversible DNA modification with high stability and reversibility, opening opportunities for next-generation bionanomaterials.
A research team led by Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona has discovered the molecular mechanism regulating bacterial cell division. The MraZ protein binds to the dcw gene cluster, enabling coordinated action of proteins necessary for cell division and bacterial wall formation.
Researchers identified 255 insect species in perennial grasses, but few in annual grasses, highlighting the importance of unmown refuges for biodiversity
Epicurrents is an open-source web browser application that enables users to view various clinical neurophysiology recordings directly in a web browser. It supports easy, secure, and cost-effective remote teaching and can be used for both educational purposes and scientific research.
Researchers at the University of Bergen have discovered that thermal convection, a slow churning movement inside the ice driven by vertical differences in temperature, is responsible for the giant plumes. This finding could help reduce uncertainties in models of future ice sheet mass balance and sea-level rise.
The Olympic Games' substantial carbon footprint highlights the need for a profound overhaul to comply with the Paris Agreement. Researchers recommend scaling down events, reducing air travel and increasing use of renewable energy to achieve ambitious emission reduction targets.
A new study externally validates the NOFI model, which uses three clinical variables to predict feeding intolerance and stratify patients by 28-day mortality risk. The analysis found that patients in the high-risk group experienced substantially higher 28-day mortality compared with those in lower-risk groups.
A recent clinical trial led by Oregon State University scientists found that the composition of a dog's microbiome is linked to its cancer survival rate. The study identified 11 specific types of bacteria that were associated with longer or shorter survival, suggesting potential biomarkers for predicting treatment response and improvin...
Global study finds that nitrogen pollution causes forests to follow two distinct patterns in response to added nutrients, with some experiencing a boost and others collapsing. The findings highlight the importance of reducing nitrogen levels to stabilize forest soil carbon pools and maintain natural respiration rhythms.
Research reveals that nuclear speckles are essential for processing and exporting viral messenger RNAs from the nucleus, highlighting their critical role in viral infections. The study suggests that understanding how viruses interact with host cells can lead to new ways to treat and prevent viral diseases.
Satellite images from Sentinel-2 show Doñana Marshland losing surface water and vegetation cover, with a predicted loss of up to 15% since 2010. Researchers suggest implementing strategies such as closing illegal wells and adopting sustainable agricultural models to mitigate the impact.
Research from the University of Bath reveals that childhood adversity can alter the expression of genes associated with educational attainment, leading to differences in risk tolerance and patience. Individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds may prioritize short-term needs over long-term gains, creating hidden barriers to social mobility.
Researchers found that about 40% of West Antarctica's ice may be lost already, while East Antarctica could lose more with 2-3°C warming. The study highlights the need to monitor and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions to prevent destabilization of Antarctic ice basins.
Researchers isolated native SOD1 monomers using coordination cages, revealing the dimer interface and enabling targeted ligand binding. This approach provides a promising new strategy for finding drugs that inhibit disease-causing protein aggregation.
A new study suggests that energy-efficient 5G network features can significantly cut indirect carbon emissions across the UK economy. By optimizing energy use in base stations and user devices, industries such as finance and IT can benefit from reduced emissions.
A new study published in JAMA Oncology found that salvage focal therapy is as effective as radical prostatectomy in treating recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy, but with much fewer complications. The treatment targets only the cancerous area of the prostate, resulting in less impact on quality of life.
A study using the James Webb Space Telescope found that supermassive black holes can suppress star growth not only in their host galaxy but also in neighboring galaxies within a million-light-year radius. This discovery reveals a larger impact of quasars on galaxy evolution, contradicting previous assumptions.
A new position statement from CSANZ and ACRA highlights telehealth as a critical tool for increasing access to quality cardiovascular care. The guidance provides best practice guidance for safe use by clinicians while emphasizing patient-centered, culturally inclusive multidisciplinary care.
Researchers have identified astrocytes as a promising cellular target for Alzheimer's therapy. Senescent astrocytes, which lose functional capacity, are found in Alzheimer's patients' brains, leading to neuronal damage and inflammation. The study opens an avenue for therapeutic strategies like senolytic drugs.
Researchers from Edith Cowan University found that seagrasses vary in their thermal tolerance, with some species more resilient to elevated water temperatures. The study's findings highlight the need for a one-size-fits-all approach in seagrass management and restoration.
Researchers have genetically engineered therapeutic CAR T cells that can destroy solid tumors, overcoming a major obstacle in cancer treatment. By silencing prostaglandin E2 signalling, these new cells can recognize and attack cancer cells without suppressing their own immune function.
A recent study reveals that hydration and terminal chemistry of poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) polymers influence immune recognition, providing insights into why some PEGylated drug coatings fail to evade the immune system. The findings pave the way for novel drug coatings with improved performance.
The INSOIL project develops three families of fully bio-based plastic products for agriculture, reducing microplastic release by 5,820 tonnes and agrochemical use by 4,000 tonnes. These products aim to contribute to more sustainable agricultural production and support European reduction targets.
Research from Salk Institute scientists shows that DNA's dynamic folding process affects gene regulation and expression, with specific regions unfolding at different rates to regulate cell type-specific functions.
A global scoping review found significant variations in the testing of AI tools in health clinics, with concerns over lack of clear guidelines. Researchers emphasize the need for comprehensive silent trials to assess AI models in real-world settings.
The University of Texas at Arlington receives a six-year $2 million NSF grant for math scholarships up to $15,000. The program aims to address the national STEM workforce need and nurture talent.
A new paper argues that FDA-required drug labels should not be used as key evidence in patent cases against generic-drug manufacturers. Instead, clinicians rely on guidelines, experience, and medical literature when making prescribing decisions.
A new Yale study found that children with disruptive behavior may have trouble transitioning between different brain states, leading to difficulties in executive functioning and emotion regulation. The research uses advanced computational methods to track moment-to-moment changes in brain connectivity.
Researchers have developed a new method for cleaning oil spills using massive fire whirls, which can burn through crude oil nearly twice as fast as in-situ fire pools. The results show that fire whirls produce 40% less soot and consume up to 95% of the fuel, leaving fewer harmful particles behind.
A new study reveals that offshore wind farms can create complex wake structures that interact with each other, affecting surface currents and sediment transport. The research suggests that turbines spaced farther apart can reduce turbulence caused by tidal wakes, leading to optimized wind farm designs.
Researchers at University of Illinois have created a model that captures the metal material's response to stress and predict failure hotspots using pixel-scale images. The algorithm uses machine learning to output strain fields from computational simulations, predicting mechanical response based on crystal orientations.
Larry Steckel, a leading expert in weed science, has been elected Fellow by the Weed Science Society of America. His research program focuses on managing multiple-herbicide-resistant weeds in row crop production, providing critical data for farmers to prevent yield loss.
Scientists at HZI have developed a new technique to visualize the complex process of bacterial capsule production. They used cryo-electron microscopy to study the Wza-Wzc transport channel, which is responsible for knitting the sugar cloak that protects bacteria from the environment and immune cells.
Physicists at LMU have successfully tracked the extremely brief formation process of polarons using an ultrafast imaging method, confirming a theory from 1933. The researchers demonstrated that electrons lose energy and gain mass as they form these quasiparticles.
A collaborative effort by researchers from the University of Göttingen and other institutions is creating a genomic inventory of European marine annelids. The goal is to accelerate biodiversity research worldwide and counteract the 'silent extinction' of marine species.
A study revealed a path of molecular events that can lead to Alzheimer's disease, including the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Researchers identified genes involved in immune and synaptic regulatory mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets.
A medication commonly used to treat overactive bladder significantly reduced hot flashes in men receiving hormone therapy for prostate cancer. Men who took oxybutynin also reported improvements in day-to-day functioning and overall quality of life.
Climate change alters high-elevation meadows, causing plant communities to shift towards shrub-dominated landscapes. The changes also affect the soil ecosystem, with declines in mycorrhizal fungi and increases in decomposers.
A new commentary raises concerns about editorial bias in scientific publishing, particularly in relation to COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy. The authors highlight the rejection of a case report and literature review that raised potential links between mRNA vaccines and rare blood cancers.
A special issue of Circulation highlights progress in women's cardiovascular health, featuring sex-specific research on prevention, diagnosis and management. The American Heart Association's Go Red for Women initiative supports over 200,000 healthcare professionals with educational tools to improve women's health.
A study found that pairing student journalists with communities through structured conversation can help rebuild trust and teach future reporters how to listen to and investigate the needs of overlooked communities. The program resulted in 27 conversations involving students and 135 community members, generating a complete curriculum f...
The study reveals that no two sprinters look the same at full speed due to unique interactions between body, environment, and training history. By embracing movement variability and individuality, coaches can create learning environments that allow athletes to discover efficient techniques.
Researchers at TU Wien have successfully created and read a QR code smaller than most bacteria, setting a new world record. The technology has enormous potential for long-term data storage, with the ability to store over 2 terabytes of data on a single A4 sheet.
Researchers at Mizzou's Bond Life Sciences Center have discovered how a specific protein known as SRFR1 regulates root growth in plants. They unlocked a way to manipulate this protein to encourage longer root growth, which can potentially help plants better withstand drought.
Pathogenic bacteria in gut and breast tissue can promote breast cancer development by increasing SMOX activity, leading to DNA damage and tumor growth. Targeting SMOX with inhibitors could be a viable strategy to counteract the cancer-promoting effects of microbial dysbiosis.
A nationwide cohort study found that chronic kidney disease significantly heightens mortality risk, even at moderate levels, and exceeds traditional metabolic risk factors. Maintaining renal function and early detection of CKD are critical for reducing both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Researchers from The University of Osaka developed a novel device to harness wave power, achieving high energy absorption efficiency across broadband frequencies. By tuning gyroscopic parameters, the device can maximize performance, providing a roadmap for developing adaptable and efficient wave energy converters.
A new study from King's College London and the University of Exeter found that ketamine's therapeutic benefits for people with alcohol use disorder may not be linked to its psychoactive effects. Instead, other factors such as brain network alterations and neural connections may play a role in the treatment's success.
A cross-sectional analysis found that nearly half of mental health visits and 29 million non-mental health telehealth visits occurred annually. The study suggests that telehealth has become an essential component of care for older and medically vulnerable adults, raising concerns about rolling back telehealth flexibilities.
New research from the University of Oregon finds that risk maps for radon can increase testing intentions in medium- to high-risk areas, but have no effect on people living in low-risk zones. The study suggests that maps may be used to target specific areas depending on their risk level.
Research finds a specific link between hearing loss and cognitive decline in presbycusis, a neurodegenerative disorder. The Functional-Structural Ratio (FSR) identifies reduced connections between brain areas involved in sound processing and memory, associated with worse hearing thresholds and poorer performance on memory and executive...
Researchers developed an AI-based tool called BIOPREVENT to identify patients at higher risk for chronic GVHD and dying from transplant-related causes. The tool combines immune biomarkers, clinical data, and machine learning to create a personalized risk estimate over time.
A population-based study reveals that rotator cuff abnormalities are common after age 40 and often represent normal age-related changes. The findings challenge the clinical value of routine imaging for atraumatic shoulder pain, questioning the need for regular scans in this demographic.
A new study shows that pancreatic cancer cells' ability to detect the extracellular matrix determines their growth rate and response to chemotherapy. The researchers found that cells detecting ECM have low autophagy levels and high growth rates, while those farther away from ECM have high autophagy levels and can survive chemotherapy.