Articles tagged with Carcinoma
Researchers from Institute of Science Tokyo reveal the SPP1–CD44–Hedgehog signaling pathway as a key driver of fibrosis in liver tumors, hinting at its potential as a therapeutic target. The study provides valuable insights into how liver tumors actively shape their surroundings, driving the onset and progression of fibrosis.
A new clinical trial will investigate whether adding the oral medication vorasidenib to standard chemotherapy improves progression-free survival for people with newly-diagnosed, grade 3 IDH-mutant astrocytoma. The study aims to recruit 400 individuals with this type of brain cancer and evaluate the safety and side-effect profile of the...
The NRG-LU005 trial found that immunotherapy atezolizumab did not improve survival for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer when added to chemoradiation. Twice-daily radiation therapy, however, was associated with improved survival in this population.
The Alliance trial explores the combination of zanubrutinib and sonrotoclax for CLL treatment, aiming to send cancer into remission and allow patients to stop treatment earlier. The study has the potential to be life-changing for patients and their families, reducing the burden of ongoing therapy and improving quality of life.
Daily aspirin use offers no quick or reliable way to prevent bowel cancer in the general population, increasing risk of serious bleeding. However, it may have potential long-term benefits for people at high genetic risk of colorectal cancer.
The ESE and ESPE have launched a landmark Joint Clinical Practice Guidance to support structured and effective transition of young people with endocrine conditions. The Guidance provides practical, evidence-based recommendations to ensure continuity, safety and quality of care during this critical phase in a patient's life.
A study by RIKEN researchers identifies a MYCN-driven biomarker that predicts the risk of liver cancer. The biomarker, known as the MYCN niche score, uses machine learning to analyze gene expression patterns and indicates whether a tumor-free liver is at high risk for developing tumors.
Scientists have identified the FOXO1-KLHL6 axis as a novel therapeutic target to enhance T cell-mediated immune response against tumors. The research found that persistent T cell receptor signaling suppresses the transcription factor FOXO1, leading to the downregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase KLHL6 and promoting T cell exhaustion.
Smoking exposure induces tumor microenvironment promoting sorafenib resistance in HCC by modifying the 14-3-3η proteome. Arsenic trioxide suppresses tumor progression with synergistic effect when combined with sorafenib.
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare but aggressive malignancy that requires personalized mitotane treatment to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. Optimal plasma concentrations between 14–20 mg/L are crucial for effective disease management.
A global review of COVID-19 vaccination and infection cases found associations between the two and certain types of cancer. The study analyzed 69 publications and identified potential biological mechanisms, including immune responses and inflammation.
A blood test may help doctors identify which patients with colon cancer can benefit from anti-inflammatory medication and chemotherapy after surgery. The test measures circulating tumor DNA levels, and high-risk patients who test positive see improved survival rates when taking celecoxib with chemotherapy.
Two new Cochrane reviews show that HPV vaccines are effective in preventing cervical cancer and pre-cancerous changes, especially when given to young people before they are exposed to the virus. Girls vaccinated before the age of 16 were found to be 80% less likely to develop cervical cancer.
Researchers identified miR-21 as a key regulator of bladder cancer growth and spread, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker. By inhibiting miR-21, tumor cells lose their ability to multiply and invade tissues, slowing down tumor growth.
A study led by Brazilian researchers has reconstructed the brain environment in the lab, revealing live interactions between cancer and healthy tissue. The 3D model allows real-time observation of brain metastases and has potential to reshape future therapies against metastatic melanoma.
Researchers at Arizona State University discovered that SerpinB3 plays a natural role in the body's wound-healing process, helping skin recover after damage. The protein helps activate keratinocytes to rebuild tissue and improve skin strength.
A recent study used AI algorithms to analyze medical imaging and predict treatment response in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The AI-based radiomics model achieved high accuracy in predicting treatment response and prognosis, revealing a link between imaging-derived features and the tumor microenvironment.
An AI model successfully automates lymph node segmentation and extranodal extension classification from pretreatment CT scans in HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma. Predicted extranodal extension is independently associated with worse oncologic outcomes, highlighting the potential for improved treatment planning.
These rare tumors often present with aggressive behavior, early metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Early detection and disease staging are key factors associated with improved survival.
The Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology will host a public webinar showcasing key findings from the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting. Researchers will discuss latest information on colorectal, squamous cell, and renal cell cancers.
UCSF researchers develop a new strategy to prime CAR T cell therapy by combining it with diabetes drugs, increasing the efficacy of NECTIN4-CAR T cells in treating urothelial carcinoma. The study shows that using thiazolidinediones enhances NECTIN4 expression, making tumor cells more susceptible to the treatment.
A clinicopathologic study identified high-grade serous carcinomas in cervical biopsies as secondary to upper genital tract tumors, mostly of endometrial origin. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for proper management.
A recent study identifies four novel proteomic subtypes of GSRCC: Metabolism, Microenvironment Dysregulation, Migration, and Proliferation. Key prognostic biomarkers PRDX2 and DDX27 were also identified, with PRDX2 linked to favorable prognosis and DDX27 associated with poor survival outcomes.
A recent study reveals ADAMTS9-AS2/let-7a-5p axis inhibits the Warburg effect and OSCC progression, suggesting a promising therapeutic target for treatment. The study highlights the importance of metabolic reprogramming in OSCC.
Researchers found that cigarette smoke and reduced DNA repair capacity combine to increase cancer risk, with normal lung cells showing extensive damage after smoke exposure. The study's findings support a 'double hit' model, highlighting the critical role of XPC protein in preventing DNA damage.
Researchers developed a patient-derived organoid library to study chemotherapy resistance in esophageal cancer. Lab-grown mini-tumors showed increased activity in the NRF2 pathway, suggesting potential biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy resistance.
A new machine learning algorithm, SAVANA, has been developed to accurately detect structural variations in cancer genomes using long-read sequencing data. The algorithm was tested on 99 human tumour samples and showed high consistency with current clinical standards.
Bcl6 inhibits Treg cell lineage stability, allowing for increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and enhanced anti-tumor response. Bcl6 inhibitor FX1 also synergizes with PD-1/PD-L1 ICB therapy.
The University of Houston has launched a $3M Cancer Immunotherapy Biomarker Core to accelerate early diagnosis and treatment response in cancer. The core will offer comprehensive targeted proteomic cancer biomarker screens, enabling researchers to identify better biomarkers for cancer.
A cohort study found that long-term survival was similar among patients with low-risk early-stage cervical carcinoma who underwent simple, modified, or radical hysterectomy. These findings support the use of simple hysterectomy in select patients.
This study compares laser-guided technology to conventional manual percutaneous lung biopsy, finding that laser-guided technology can reduce operational time and needle adjustments. However, it did not reduce complication rates or improve pathological diagnosis accuracy compared to traditional methods.
Researchers from the University of Southampton engineered a new type of super-strong antibody that triggers a stronger response from the immune system compared to naturally produced antibodies. The study confirms that making subtle increases in rigidity stimulates immune activity, creating a powerful immune response against disease.
A patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma was successfully treated with step-and-shoot proton arc therapy at Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital. The treatment showed minimal side effects, including only light skin discoloration, and the patient remains cancer-free.
Researchers have discovered that pyrvinium pamoate, a common pinworm medication, can inhibit cancer cell growth and reverse neuroendocrine features in Merkel cell carcinoma. The medication also reduced tumor growth in mouse models of the disease.
The SNMMI Mars Shot Research Fund has awarded a $100,000 fellowship to Dr. Randy Ye for his research on FAPI PET imaging for detecting invasive lobular carcinoma. The study aims to assess the ability of FAPI PET and FDG PET to detect tumors and evaluate its impact on patient care.
A novel circular RNA, circTP63-N, generated by back-splicing exons 2–4 of the TP63 gene is significantly downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues. Restoring its expression effectively inhibits NPC cell proliferation and metastasis via engagement with HSP90AB1 to modulate the YAP1/Hippo signaling pathway.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in treating thymic carcinoma by combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with platinum-based chemotherapy. The MARBLE study found that atezolizumab combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel achieved an objective response rate of 56% and median progression-free survival of 9.6 months.
Women with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ reported similar experiences undergoing active monitoring versus guideline-concordant care. The study found that both approaches had comparable lived experiences during the 2-year follow-up period.
A randomized study found that active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ did not increase invasive cancer risk compared to guideline-concordant care. Women on active monitoring had comparable rates of disease recurrence and survival.
A phase 3 study demonstrated nearly 75% complete cancer remission in patients with high-risk bladder cancer unresponsive to BCG therapy. The novel treatment, cretostimogene grenadenorepvec, was well-tolerated and did not require bladder removal surgery.
Researchers have found that B7-H4 helps ACC tumors evade the immune system, leading to poor survival outcomes. A new drug targeting B7-H4 showed promising results in shrinking tumors in aggressive cases.
A new gold-based compound has been developed that slows tumour growth in animals by 82%, targeting cancers more selectively than standard chemotherapy drugs. It also blocks cancer cells' ability to form new blood vessels, a promising approach to reducing toxic side effects.
A new study from the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found that at least 3% of normal breast tissue cells in healthy women contain chromosome abnormalities associated with invasive breast cancer, which may guide future approaches to early detection.
Researchers have found that natural killer cells instinctively recognize and attack the XPO1 protein, which drives cancer growth. By targeting this protein, scientists may be able to activate more killer cells to destroy cancer cells. The study suggests that this approach could lead to personalized cancer treatment with less side effects.
A new study found no racial or ethnic disparities in prior authorization outcomes for Black and Hispanic patients, but Asian patients had higher rates of approvals compared to White patients. The study analyzed data from 18,041 cancer patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2020.
A new clinical algorithm developed at the University of Gothenburg can accurately identify highly aggressive forms of basal cell carcinoma. The algorithm uses a combination of clinical and dermoscopic images to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk tumors, allowing for more effective treatment and better patient outcomes.
Researchers analyzed collision-type mixed ductal-lobular breast cancers and found that IDC and ILC regions had distinct gene expression profiles. The study reveals tremendous variation within this already highly variable disease, highlighting the need for personalized treatments.
Researchers discuss the use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in treating biologically aggressive tumors, such as uterine serous carcinoma. The ADC T-DXd has shown remarkable preclinical activity against primary USC cells lines and xenografts overexpressing HER2/neu.
Scientists have developed a new immunotherapy that can identify and fight cancer cells in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. The treatment involves stimulating the immune system's T cells against specific elements of the virus involved in cancer formation.
Researchers discuss therapeutic opportunities for hypermutated urothelial carcinomas that are resistant to immunotherapy, including the potential of targeted therapies. High TMB is associated with defects in mismatch repair proteins and can lead to increased sensitivity to cancer treatments.
Researchers have developed a new imaging technique that rapidly and accurately identifies cancerous tissues in breast samples. The method uses machine learning algorithms trained on hyperspectral dark-field microscopy data to pinpoint regions of invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive mucinous carcinoma.
A massive study identifies new biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma subtypes, improving diagnosis and treatment. The researchers' integrative analysis of proteogenomic datasets reveals molecular features shared by clear cell and non-clear cell RCC tumors, as well as unique features to various subtypes.
Researchers at TUM have uncovered a mechanism by which tumor cells prevent the formation of immune responses, including cytotoxic T cells. This discovery provides rationales for new cancer immunotherapies and could enhance existing treatments.
Researchers investigated combining Sacituzumab govitecan with platinum-based chemotherapeutics for triple-negative breast cancer, urinary bladder carcinoma, and small-cell lung carcinoma. The study showed additive to synergistic antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo, with improved outcomes in tumor-bearing animals.
Researchers have identified UCHL1, a protein found in highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas and neuroblastoma, as a potential molecular biomarker for diagnosing these cancers and predicting responses to therapy. Targeting UCHL1 with inhibitors has been shown to delay the growth and spread of these tumors in pre-clinical models.
Researchers identified a new PD-1 immune checkpoint mechanism promoting merkel cell carcinoma growth. MCC cells express PD-1 and its receptor binding accelerates tumor growth via mTOR pathway activation.
A study of 4,819 women with benign breast disease found an increased risk of breast cancer compared to the general population. The study's findings suggest that pathologic classifications could improve breast cancer risk stratification.
A deep learning AI model developed using mammographic images alone accurately predicted both ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma, showing no bias across multiple races. The model outperformed traditional risk models in predicting breast cancer risk, providing a more accurate and equitable assessment.
Researchers found that tumor-resident T-cell receptor sequences showed high complementarity with the cancer testis antigen DDX53, suggesting an immune response that selects for DDX53-negative cells. This association was correlated with worse disease-free survival rates, highlighting a potential early esophageal cancer antigen.
A study published in Oncotarget reveals that HER2 mutant alleles play a crucial role in determining treatment response to neratinib and poziotinib. Researchers found that individual HER2 mutant alleles have distinct effects on therapeutic efficacy, suggesting new targets for breast cancer therapy.