Articles tagged with Toxicology
ToxIndex integrates AI agents to access and orchestrate toxicological resources, providing comprehensive risk assessments in hours. The platform addresses a critical need in chemical and drug safety, meeting the vision of the 2007 NRC report for 21st-century safety testing.
ToxIndex integrates three tiers of New Approach Methodologies, leveraging AI agents to access and orchestrate toxicological resources, and providing comprehensive, source-traceable risk assessments in a fraction of the time required by traditional methods.
The 2026 release expands coverage of emerging novel psychoactive substances, including synthetic cannabinoids, fentanyl analogs, and pharmaceutical drugs. The database provides comprehensive and up-to-date support for forensic, toxicology, and drug surveillance workflows.
Scientists at The University of Queensland discovered that certain species of wasps and frogs share a pain and inflammation peptide similar to one found in vertebrates. This finding contributes to a shifting view of how evolution works and highlights the role of convergent evolution in shaping life.
Scientists create fluorescent nanoplastics that resemble real-world plastics in morphology, enabling real-time tracking and studying chronic exposure effects. The study reveals that smaller particles retain longer in the body, highlighting the need for further research on health risks due to microplastic ingestion.
Researchers found that diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) exposure significantly increases conjugative transfer frequency of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria, particularly through oxidative stress and altered cell membrane permeability. This study provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the ecological risks posed by DIBP.
Research at University of Eastern Finland found that positively charged polystyrene nanoparticles increase early embryo mortality in European whitefish under stressed conditions. The study suggests that surface charge plays a critical role in toxicity assessment, with negatively charged particles experiencing reduced harmful effects.
A study published in the Journal of Apicultural Research found that combining a widely used mite-killing pesticide with an agent inhibiting its tolerance can effectively control varroa mites. The new treatment increases amitraz's killing power by 50% and shows promise for developing novel synergists to target these destructive mites.
The Global Exposome Forum is a global initiative that aims to understand the complex interplay between biological, chemical, and environmental exposures and human health. The project has partnered with national governments, scientific institutions, and large membership-led organizations to advance exposomics science.
Pentachlorophenol exposure triggers inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, leading to liver damage and compromised immune function. The study identified the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway as a key mechanism of PCP-induced immunotoxicity.
A rare case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy has been reported, highlighting the importance of monitoring neurological symptoms in patients receiving 5-FU. The patient's symptoms resolved after stopping 5-FU and administering lactulose and intravenous fluids.
Researchers developed a 3D miniature human liver model to improve toxicology studies of chemicals. The mini-liver demonstrates physiological and metabolic capabilities, enabling the detailed analysis of contaminant-induced effects on cells.
A 82-year-old woman was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for severe carbon monoxide poisoning after conventional oxygen therapy failed to produce significant improvement. The patient demonstrated considerable neurological recovery and full communication abilities after a single session of HBOT.
Katie Paul Friedman, Ph.D., Director of the Center for Informatics and Screening at Chemical Insights, received the prestigious 2026 Achievement Award from the Society of Toxicology for her innovative research and dedication to training the next generation. The award recognizes her contributions to new approach methodologies transformi...
Researchers found that nanoplastics entered the bloodstream and accumulated in organs within days of ingestion, potentially leading to disorders in nervous and reproductive systems. The particles were primarily expelled through the intestine, but some remained trapped for a long time.
A recent study found that releasing rehabilitated Golden Eagles can be an effective means of compensating for eagle deaths due to human actions. However, the study revealed that only a few rehabilitated eagles survive and integrate into the wild population, raising questions about the long-term efficacy of rehabilitation efforts.
A large-scale laboratory screening identified 168 chemicals toxic to human-made gut bacteria. Washing fruit and veggies before consumption may help avoid exposure to these pollutants. Researchers developed a machine learning model to predict chemical harm, emphasizing the need for safer industrial practices.
A new study reveals that the S-enantiomer of o,p'-DDD pesticide metabolite is more toxic to zebrafish larvae and has severe consequences for their development. The research found that maternal transfer was highly efficient, with the S-enantiomer accumulating in higher levels than its mirror-image R-form.
A mouse study by University of California, Riverside scientists suggests microplastic exposure may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in males. The study found microplastics dramatically worsened plaque buildup in male mice, but not females.
A 20-year study of 11,000 adults in Bangladesh found that reducing arsenic levels in drinking water was associated with lower mortality rates from heart disease, cancer, and other chronic illnesses. The study provides the first long-term, individual-level evidence that reducing arsenic exposure may lower mortality even among people exp...
A study published in the Chinese Medical Journal identified GSTP1 as a key regulator that blocks JNK-driven ferroptosis, providing protection against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. Overexpression of GSTP1 inhibited ferroptosis and improved DOX-induced heart injury.
A new broad-spectrum antivenom developed by DTU researchers covers 17 African snake species and provides better protection against tissue damage, with a lower risk of immune reactions. The antivenom has shown impressive results in laboratory studies and could revolutionize the treatment of venomous snakebites in Africa.
A new study reveals that microplastics and heavy metals can disrupt organ development and hormone balance in higher-level species through the food chain. The study found delayed growth in zebrafish exposed to combined pollutants, highlighting the hidden risks of pollutant mixtures in real-world environments.
A study on C. elegans reveals that dissolved biochar affects nematode growth and physiology, with lower doses promoting development and higher doses disrupting normal functions. The findings highlight the need for careful dosing and oversight when deploying biochar in agricultural systems.
Researchers developed a portable sensor to detect synthetic cannabinoids in e-cigarette liquids and biological fluids, allowing for early intervention and harm reduction. The device shows high selectivity and sensitivity, detecting concentrations as low as 0.2 µM and identifying specific peaks that quantify substances present.
A new study analyzing the dietary choices of wild woodrats reveals that individual diets may not be as diverse as previously assumed. The research suggests that the costs of specializing on one food source or diversifying one's diet have a strong impact on an animal's ability to survive and thrive.
A recent Chinese study analyzed urine samples from 457 residents across 16 cities, revealing significant associations between primary aromatic amine (PAA) exposure and oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-OHdG. The findings suggest that even low concentrations of PAA may contribute to long-term cancer risks in the general population.
A genetic mutation found in East Asian people, ALDH2*2, impairs the detoxification of aldehydes produced by environmental exposure, leading to an 'aldehyde storm' that causes severe liver damage. Healthy choices like increasing antioxidants and limiting smoke exposure may reduce the risk.
A nationwide biomonitoring study in China detected 25 primary aromatic amines with varying levels of exposure among residents. High concentrations were observed in smokers, non-adults, and industrialized cities, with correlations to oxidative DNA damage.
A new review warns that strobilurin fungicides, widely used in farming, are contaminating staple foods, water, and human bodies. Small amounts can cause harm, interfering with cell energy production and potentially disrupting hormones.
Research on killifish reveals that maternal exposure to toxic substances like crude oil and flame retardants can have lasting impacts on offspring and subsequent generations. Exposure to these chemicals during critical developmental windows can alter gene function, behavior, and health outcomes in humans and wildlife.
Dr. Jake Johnson explains the challenges of studying canine cocaine toxicosis, including limited data and messy clinical reality. He shares insights on diagnosing symptoms, prevention measures, and the importance of owner honesty in seeking veterinary help.
Researchers developed a new engineered protein-based therapy called RcoM-HBD-CCC, which acts like a sponge to soak up carbon monoxide from the blood. The therapy was tested on mice and showed promising results, clearing half of the carbon monoxide in the blood in less than a minute.
A survey of scientific literature on micro- and nanoplastics in human health identifies key challenges and proposes best practices for analysis, including digestion treatments and shape considerations. The study aims to improve our understanding of plastics' impact on human bodies.
TDCPP's binding to the membrane thyroid hormone receptor impairs motor neuron development and causes locomotor dysfunction in zebrafish. The study establishes a novel adverse outcome pathway framework for predicting TDCPP's neurotoxicity.
This study uses AI to pinpoint optimal synergies in combination therapies, slashing experimental costs and accelerating discovery by up to 7.2% in accuracy.
Researchers emphasize the need to distinguish between harmful PFAS and essential fluoropolymers used in medical devices, which have not been linked to health issues. Experts advocate for a balanced approach to protect both human health and environmental concerns.
Research suggests that nine commonly used pesticides in viticulture have significantly underestimated environmental impact, with half-lives exceeding two days and potential for long-range transport.
Researchers evaluated the safety profiles of ethylhexyl triazone (EHT) and diethylhexyl butamido triazone (HEB) using integrated genotoxicity and phototoxicity assessments. The studies found no significant increases in mutagenic or chromosomal damage, and only minor micronucleus increases at high concentrations.
Researchers found no significant genotoxic effects of triazine UV filters in bacterial reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration, and micronucleus assays. Phototoxicity assessments also confirmed safety using 3T3 neutral red uptake and guinea pig models. The results support the use of these filters in topical applications.
Scientists have discovered that certain species of gut bacteria can absorb PFAS, potentially protecting against its harmful effects. The researchers plan to develop probiotic dietary supplements to boost the levels of these helpful microbes in our gut.
Researchers studied the effects of 6-PPDQ on the citric acid cycle in C. elegans, finding disruptions at environmentally relevant concentrations. The study revealed reductions in key metabolites and enzyme gene expressions, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity.
A study by the University of California, Davis found that disposable e-cigarettes release higher amounts of toxic metals than older e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes. The devices contain hazardous levels of neurotoxic lead, carcinogenic nickel, and antimony, posing significant health risks to users.
The BfR Summer Academy, an international event, brings together 23 participants from 17 countries to discuss food safety and risk assessment. Participants learn about the legal and institutional background of food safety in Germany and Europe.
A study reveals that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be toxic to mice, causing disruptions in blood cell formation and immune balance. The researchers found that the MOFs suppressed production of certain cells but also triggered a rebound effect, leading to increased inflammation.
Researchers found that co-exposure to bisphenol A and retinoic acid disrupts neurodevelopmental gene signaling, leading to brain abnormalities. The study suggests a potential link between chemical exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The Human Exposome Moonshot initiative aims to map the physical, chemical, biological and psychosocial exposures driving 80% of chronic diseases. The exposome project integrates advanced technologies to create a comprehensive understanding of environmental influences on health.
New study reveals insights into giant viruses and their role in marine ecosystems, including photosynthesis manipulation and public health hazards. The discovery of 230 novel giant viruses has significant implications for predicting and managing harmful algal blooms.
A new study finds that the Salton Sea emits hydrogen sulfide at rates exceeding state air quality standards, with emissions regularly going unreported by government monitoring systems. The presence of these toxic emissions poses significant health risks to local communities already burdened by environmental and socioeconomic stressors.
A new study by UC Riverside researchers reveals that ultrasonic cigarettes may pose significant health risks due to the presence of harmful metals in their liquids and aerosols. The study found elevated levels of metals like arsenic and selenium in u-cigarette products, which can lead to lung diseases, organ damage, and cancer.
The Human Exposome is a global scientific effort to understand the environmental factors that underpin disease and health. The Exposome Moonshot Forum aims to chart this exposome, providing usable metrics and data points for targeted public health interventions.
Researchers found that sulfur runoff can dramatically increase methylmercury concentrations in fish up to 10 million times greater than the waters they lived in. This poses a significant risk to human health and wildlife due to methylmercury's neurotoxic effects.
A new study reveals that over half of Black and Latina women reported using personal care products with formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, highlighting critical safety gaps in product regulation. The study found that these chemicals are present in a wide range of products, including shampoo, lotions, and eyelash glue.
The updated Maurer, Meyer, Helfer, Weber: LC-HR-MS/MS Library contains over 5,500 mass spectra for parent drugs and poisons, along with their metabolites. This comprehensive dataset enables scientists to confidently identify unknown compounds and assess toxic substance risks.
Researchers propose GLDH as a more liver-specific biomarker for detecting liver injury, offering greater specificity than current ALT and AST tests. The test performed similarly to ALT for detecting liver injury but was not impacted by associated muscle injury.
The article discusses the need for bioanalytical assays to measure immune responses to oligonucleotide therapeutic drugs, especially when they include carriers or conjugates. Highly specific antibodies may enhance the development and production of ONTs, expanding studies on their safety and efficacy.
A new study by Silent Spring Institute reveals how California's Proposition 65 law has driven companies to reformulate products, reducing the use of toxic chemicals and promoting safer consumer goods. The research found that companies prioritize eliminating Prop 65 chemicals altogether to avoid warnings and litigation.
Cadmium induces hyaluronan synthase 3 expression via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase–c-Jun pathway, leading to increased hyaluronan synthesis. This process accelerates atherosclerosis progression in vascular endothelial cells.
A new study suggests that COVID-19 likely emerged from the natural fusion of two rare infectious diseases, glanders and Sennetsu fever, with some common human diseases. DNA methylation patterns at 865,859 CpG sites in blood samples from early COVID-19 patients revealed strong genetic link evidence supporting this theory.
A recent study by UCLA researchers has discovered high amounts of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate (BTMPS) in illicitly sold fentanyl. BTMPS is not approved for human consumption and has been linked to serious health effects such as cardiotoxicity and ocular damage.