Articles tagged with Cells
Researchers at Murdoch Children's Research Institute have developed a powerful platform to test and advance new treatments for childhood heart diseases. The breakthrough involves creating lab-grown heart valve tissues that closely resemble human body valves, providing a promising approach for regenerative medicine.
A study published in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle reveals that deleting transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) from macrophages enhances muscle regeneration and mitochondrial function. The research found that this approach protected against obesity-related muscle wasting and improved exercise performance.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered that immune cells in lung tissue express genes associated with autoimmune disease risk. These tissue-resident immune cells may actively drive the development of autoimmune diseases, particularly in women.
Scientists have discovered that TRF2, a protein previously known for protecting chromosome ends, plays a crucial role in preserving the identity of muscle stem cells and enabling their regenerative abilities. This new understanding may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for muscular dystrophy and cancer research.
Combining cemiplimab, fianlimab, and paclitaxel-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved pathologic complete response rates in high-risk -negative breast cancer. Patients with the ImPrint immune signature showed enhanced sensitivity to the combination.
An embryonic protein, GCL, organizes a distinct region of the embryo's membrane to separate future germ cells from the soma. This separation relies on the local organization of lipids in the membrane.
Researchers have discovered that tumor-educated pericytes drive alternative angiogenic pathways, bypassing VEGF inhibition and making them a major contributor to drug resistance. A novel therapeutic strategy targeting both endothelial cells and pericytes has shown superior anti-angiogenic effects in multiple cancer models.
Epithelial tissues respond to sustained mechanical stress by slowly reorganising their keratin cytoskeleton, forming supracellular networks that push the cell nucleus out of its protective cage. This process reveals a new mechanism for tissue adaptation and has implications for development and disease understanding.
A UNIGE study shows that a slight overproduction of tubulin, essential for cell structure, can disrupt tissue architecture and reduce cell viability. Microtubules play a dynamic role in adapting to the cell's changing needs, and excess tubulin makes them abnormally stable.
A study identifies curcumin as the natural compound with the most balanced combination of anticancer activity and safety against fibrosarcoma cells. Curcumin, along with berberine, disrupts mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in cancer cells, leading to cellular senescence and death.
Researchers developed a new way to uncover differences in how viruses infect and destroy individual microbial cells. The study used a mathematical modeling framework to analyze infection outcomes in individual cells, revealing striking accuracy and new insights into viral behavior.
Researchers at MIT have created a precise way to engineer artificial blood vessels by mechanically stretching and pulling a "blood vessel on a chip". The new method, reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, enables controlled sprouting of new vessels and programming of their growth patterns.
A scoping review suggests astrocytic dysfunction may precede neuronal degeneration in CTE. Astrocytes' dysregulation contributes to the development of CTE's characteristic features through mechanisms including astrogliosis, disrupted waste clearance pathways, and chronic neuroinflammation.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a new imaging method that allows scientists to see previously hidden enzyme activities in small regions across the whole cell. The technique, dubbed Fluctuation Increase Negated by Intra-Chain (FINICI), flips the optical readout of negative biosensors into positive, reada...
Researchers at UMass Amherst have discovered that grasses grow according to temperature, not light, unlike most other plants. The team used a bioluminescence imaging system to study the growth of purple false brome and found that temperature influences grass growth in complex ways.
A study by John Innes Centre researchers reveals that inner tissues play a crucial role in shaping plant organs, contradicting the widespread assumption that external layers control growth. By analyzing cell division orientation and gene editing techniques, they discovered genes affecting stem thickness in Arabidopsis.
A new review reveals adaptor proteins play a crucial role in regulating the behavior of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer. These molecular scaffolds coordinate signaling pathways that determine whether macrophages adopt anti-tumor or pro-tumor phenotypes, influencing immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.
Researchers discovered astrocytes actively preserve long-term memories by regulating Ank2 and BDNF signaling. This finding expands the understanding of how memories are stored in the brain.
Research reveals birds can harness lactate to rapidly resurrect blood function, outperforming mammals. Lactate enables bird RBCs to convert methaemoglobin back to haemoglobin three times faster than mammalian RBCs.
A biomaterial scaffold has been developed to recreate a skull stem cell niche, reducing craniosynostosis-related deformities and promoting normal skull growth. The triphasic scaffold maintained skeletal stem cells while supporting bone formation and tissue regeneration.
Researchers found that dietary fat balance influences T-cell membrane oxidation, making them more vulnerable to ferroptosis. This can weaken immune responses, including CAR-T cell therapy effectiveness.
Researchers mapped the human kidney's developmental axis and engineered synthetic organizer cells to recreate key signals, producing improved lab-grown organoids. These advances enable more reliable models for studying disease and evaluating potential therapies.
Researchers found that ROS-producing enzymes coordinate cell proliferation, tissue integrity, and differentiation in plants. The study used a liverwort model to examine the role of RBOHs in plant development, revealing their importance in maintaining normal cell shape and tissue organization.
Researchers identified karyoptosis as a key link between toxic protein accumulation and neuron death in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and frontotemporal dementia. The study found that targeting proteins acting as 'switches' in this pathway may slow or prevent cell death by karyoptosis.
Researchers discovered Paneth cell metaplasia can act as a protective response in ulcerative colitis by promoting healing and regeneration of the intestinal lining through REG3A. However, persistent changes may still carry risks, including increased cancer risk.
A University of Guelph researcher has discovered a common skincare ingredient that may target acute myeloid leukemia by blocking the fat-to-fuel process in cancer cells. The compound inhibits ABCD1 protein production, causing leukemia cells to die while healthy cells adapt and survive.
A new trial aims to restore the function of worn-out T cells, a type of white blood cell that helps coordinate the body's immune response. The Phase 1 trial will focus on exhausted or senescent T cells, which accumulate with age and in chronic disease, and may help improve immune resilience and support healthier ageing.
Researchers at UCLA may have discovered a new way to heal damaged kidneys by blocking the protein ENPP1. Blocking this protein speeds up repair after kidney injury in mice, according to a recent study published in Cell Stem Cell.
Researchers discovered a single amino acid change that allows coronaviruses to interact with human and bat immune systems differently, shifting the body's response to infection. This alteration enables benign animal viruses to adapt to humans and cause severe disease.
By identifying three distinct developmental stages of photoreceptor cells, researchers aim to determine which cell population is most capable of forming neuronal connections in the eye. This may lead to improved treatment outcomes for late-stage blinding conditions through cell-based therapies.
A groundbreaking study identifies a direct energy route between mitochondria and the nucleus, supporting gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and cell differentiation. The finding challenges traditional assumptions about energy transfer in cells and has significant implications for understanding health and disease.
Researchers have made major steps toward solving the mystery of how brain aneurysms form by identifying key cell types and genetic pathways involved. The study's findings provide new insights into a clinical paradox: smaller aneurysms can still rupture, and offer opportunities for early intervention to prevent ruptures.
A University of Ottawa-led study has discovered a hidden network driving glioblastoma's aggressive growth, highlighting a promising target for next-generation therapies. The research reveals that a protein called OSMR plays a critical role in tumor progression and supports the survival of brain tumour stem cells.
Researchers found a unique protein called YAF9B that helps plants protect their stem cells from DNA damage. This discovery sheds light on how plants coordinate DNA repair processes, which could improve future crops by guiding more precise genome editing.
Researchers from Florida Atlantic University have identified a key immune pathway that appears to drive damaging inflammation in Huntington disease. Blocking this pathway reduced brain inflammation, protected neurons, and improved movement in a humanized mouse model of the disease.
TIGIT is a second-generation immune checkpoint that exerts immunosuppressive effects through multiple pathways, promoting a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Combination with PD-1 inhibitors has shown remarkable promise, improving objective remission rates and progression-free survival.
Cellular senescence has emerged as a key biological process linked to aging and age-related disease. Researchers have identified major features of senescence, including stable proliferative arrest and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can influence inflammation and tissue dysfunction.
Researchers from six Asian countries have launched a coordinated effort to create an artificial single-celled biological system. The 10-year roadmap aims to develop stable phospholipid vesicles with minimal genomes, endogenous synthesis of key metabolites, and true self-replication.
The new method allows for scalable production of cell-containing capsules, maintaining cell viability and enabling studies on dynamic interactions. Researchers can customize capsule size and properties, making the technique useful for drug screening, regenerative medicine, and basic cell biology research.
A recent study identified a new type of β-1,2-glucan-binding protein in bacteria, which binds cyclic β-1,2-glucans and has implications for understanding bacterial interactions with these complex molecules. The discovery opens up new avenues for developing biological pesticides to protect crops from pathogens.
Researchers found that repeated vaping can create harmful byproducts in high-puff electronic cigarettes, including methylglyoxal and glyoxal, which are associated with significant cell damage. The study suggests that users of heavily used devices may inhale higher levels of these compounds than those using fresh devices.
New research reveals that cells slow down heat dissipation due to unique biomolecules, changing our understanding of heat conduction. This phenomenon could affect treatments for conditions linked to body temperature changes.
Researchers found that a vitamin D analog reduced fibroblast activation and increased T cell infiltration in pancreatic tumors, improving chemotherapy responses and progression-free survival. Patients with high vitamin D receptor expression also had longer overall survival.
A team of researchers at Kyoto University has discovered that the protein ZO-1 plays a crucial role in collective cell migration by riding ERK activation waves to podosomes on the basal cell surface. This movement enhances force generation, extracellular matrix degradation, and invasive cell migration.
Researchers at ISTA uncovered why keratin plays an essential part in embryonic cell movement and organization. Without keratin, the process slows dramatically, leading to tissue collapse and loss of cellular alignment. Keratin helps maintain the structural integrity and cohesion of cells during early development.
Scientists at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research captured 'housekeeping' immune cells actively attacking and engulfing live melanoma cells. These macrophages patrol the edges of melanoma tumours, steadily engulfing cancer cells and slowing tumour growth. The discovery has big implications for immunotherapy.
Scientists at Kaunas University of Technology discovered that low-frequency ultrasound can dissociate erythrocyte aggregates into single cells, decreasing blood viscosity. This effect may improve oxygen exchange and support treatment of cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes.
Researchers found that self-propelled particles can spontaneously form clusters when navigating a dense colony of dividing cells. The growing medium creates an environment that transforms the particles' behavior, making them behave like active Brownian particles and attracting them to each other without explicit interaction.
Researchers identify TGF-β signaling pathway as key regulator of osteoblast quiescence, suggesting its inhibition can aid in reactivation of dormant osteoblasts. Combining TGF-β-blocking antibodies with anti-sclerostin treatment shows promising therapeutic potential for osteoporosis treatment.
University of Missouri researchers develop organic transistors that process information like biological neural networks, boosting brain-like computing and potentially leading to more energy-efficient artificial intelligence. The approach could lead to significant improvements in tasks such as pattern recognition and decision-making.
A recent study found that lycopene protects porcine intestinal epithelial cells from DON-induced damage by inhibiting PGAM5-mediated mitophagy-dependent ferroptosis. Lycopene increases tight junction proteins, reduces ROS levels, and stabilizes mitochondrial function, restoring barrier integrity.
Researchers at TUM develop NTVE, a process that uses virus-like particles to shuttle messenger RNA out of living cells, allowing for repeated sampling and analysis. This enables precise monitoring of stem cell development and potential applications in cell therapies and tumor research.
Researchers at MIT have found that chromatin can exist in two different categories: constrained and free, which affects its interaction with genes and DNA regulatory sequences. This study provides insight into gene regulation and DNA repair processes.
A team of researchers has identified a key mechanism in the degeneration of motor neurons in ALS, revealing that chaperone-mediated autophagy is significantly reduced in patients. This finding suggests that this cellular system may be a potential therapeutic target to slow disease progression.
Researchers found that camels have a more flexible and coordinated response to heat stress, allowing them to maintain stability even at higher temperatures. In contrast, human cells tend to respond in a more rigid way, making them less adaptable under heat stress.
Researchers identified stage-specific gene expression changes that occur during cellular senescence, revealing an early immune-activating response and a shift in cellular priorities. This study offers new insight into the molecular mechanisms of aging and highlights potential therapeutic strategies for delaying age-related decline.
Researchers developed tiny flexible lasers that can measure forces inside living cells, enabling insights into biological processes such as early development and tumor progression. The micro-lasers exhibit mechanical stiffness similar to living cells and can measure forces up to 50 nanonewtons.
Researchers from Lund University successfully harnessed the regenerative capacity of Scandinavian flatworms to accelerate wound healing in human skin models. The study found that signalling molecules from flatworm exosomes increased skin thickness and improved wound healing rates, including accelerated blood vessel regeneration.
A new study reveals the developmental mechanism of bone marrow formation, identifying septoclasts as early organizers followed by LepR-expressing bone marrow stromal cells. These specialized cell populations work together to build the bone marrow environment through a hardwired process supported by RANKL.
Researchers discovered that strokes cause a chain reaction within the brain, leading to neuronal cell death. They found that blocking collagen production can prevent this damage and even restore motor function in paralyzed monkeys. The new drug KDS12025 reduces hydrogen peroxide levels and prevents the entire process from being triggered.