Articles tagged with Phenotypes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Flinders University discover a genetic mutation that silences a brain receptor, rendering it unresponsive to both natural trace amines and clinical drug candidates. The C182F variant eliminates receptor signaling and reduces cell surface expression, with profound implications for emerging psychiatric treatments.
A substantial prevalence of avoidant/restrictive food intake was found in the general pediatric population, with affected children at risk of developmental difficulties across multiple domains. The study suggests a need for broad support interventions and advances understanding of the genetic underpinnings of this condition.
The Variant Workbench enables researchers to explore genetic data in a single, integrated workspace, linking genomic information with clinical conditions. By reducing data complexity, the tool facilitates scientific discovery and accelerates pace of research.
A new study calls for standardized, transparent, and reproducible methods to evaluate frailty in preclinical aging studies. The researchers analyzed 18 rodent studies and found substantial variation in how frailty is defined and measured.
Researchers from NUS have tracked changes in gene expression and splicing patterns in skeletal muscle after a 16-week lifestyle intervention program involving supervised exercise and dietary changes. The study found that participants lost weight and improved insulin sensitivity, with specific genes showing evidence of G x L interaction.
Researchers created a digital twin to detect disease risk, initiate preventive treatment, and simulate effective treatments. The model uses extensive human data from the Human Phenotype Project to identify deviations from expected physiological changes in 17 body systems.
Researchers developed a new computational tool using generative AI to identify key gene combinations underlying complex illnesses. The method amplifies limited gene expression data, enabling researchers to resolve patterns of gene activity that cause complex traits.
Scientists have identified a brain molecule called NEAT1 that appears to play a central role in triggering light sensitivity (photophobia) during migraines. By disrupting the normal balance of nerve signaling and pain regulation, NEAT1 makes nerves more sensitive to light.
Researchers have discovered that inhibiting the metalloprotease ADAM19 can reduce gut inflammation and cell aging markers across species. The study found that blocking ADAM19 reduced gut damage and inflammation in fruit flies, mice, and human cells, offering a promising path for creating treatments to maintain healthy tissues.
Researchers developed dynamicGP, a computational approach that predicts trait dynamics across development in crops. The method outperforms state-of-the-art genomic prediction approaches for multiple traits, especially those with low heritability over time.
A cutting-edge AI method, EasyDAM_V4, enables automatic labeling of fruit datasets with high accuracy and adapts to diverse species. The breakthrough reduces manual labeling costs while improving detection accuracy, paving the way for automated and sustainable agriculture.
Two comprehensive datasets from the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program explore childhood cancers and congenital disorders. The new datasets aim to identify genetic causes and links between these diseases in children, ultimately supporting the development of improved treatments.
A scoping review found associations between myositis disease activity and gluten exposure in patients with inflammatory myopathies and celiac disease. The study suggests that gluten may act as an exogenous antigen driving myositis in genetically predisposed patients.
Researchers found a strong link between depression and menstrual pain in a new study published in Briefings in Bioinformatics. Depression may be a cause of dysmenorrhea, rather than a consequence, according to the findings.
This systematic review analyzes 33 biological clocks used for aging and mortality quantification, categorizing them into epigenetic and phenotypic clocks. Epigenetic clocks demonstrate precision in estimating chronological age through DNA methylation, while phenotypic clocks predict mortality using easily measurable clinical variables.
Researchers developed an AI pose estimation method that accurately detects and localizes root system landmarks across multiple plant species, bypassing traditional segmentation methods. The approach achieved high precision with median errors below 1% of root length, enabling robust genotype classification and phenotypic trait mapping.
A new study by UCLA Health reveals that standard medical record surveillance methods miss youth with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, boys, and Black and Hispanic youths. Machine learning algorithms improved detection rates when incorporating additional data from visit notes.
Researchers found that ACLY activity activates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a pro-inflammatory environment associated with chronic inflammation and aging. Blocking ACLY activity reduces inflammation-related genes in aged cells, suggesting a potential strategy for managing aging and age-related diseases.
Researchers developed a frailty screening questionnaire that predicts short-term mortality in dogs aged 10 and older. The tool, combined with veterinarian assessments of body and muscle condition, is a simple yet effective predictor of canine frailty.
A new study found that 2-bromopalmitate treatment reverses cell senescence in human vascular smooth muscle cells, reducing DNA damage markers and promoting cell proliferation. The research suggests a critical role for protein palmitoylation in regulating the senescent phenotype.
A new study mapped genes linked to schizophrenia and uncovered a mechanism disrupting synaptic plasticity in affected individuals. The researchers identified three proteins mediating impairments of plasticity, holding promise for new treatments.
Very intensive lipid-lowering therapy significantly regresses atheroma volume at the lesion level compared to statin therapy alone. This study found greater enlargement of the minimum lumen area and more frequent transition to stable plaque phenotypes with alirocumab treatment.
A multi-university research team led by University of Virginia engineering professor Gustavo K. Rohde has developed a system that can accurately spot genetic markers of autism in brain images. The system uses generative computer modeling technique called transport-based morphometry, which reveals brain structure patterns that predict v...
Researchers developed a tool to identify high-risk children and adolescents with pediatric postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. The study found that symptoms differed by age group, with some similarities but distinct patterns across childhood ages.
A new study found that routine laboratory tests are not reliable for diagnosing Long COVID, with no biomarker among 25 clinical laboratory values providing a clinically useful diagnosis. The researchers suggest treating symptoms rather than relying on lab results to diagnose the condition.
A study on wild tomato species reveals that a plant's vigor plays a significant role in its salt tolerance. The researchers found correlations between traits like transpiration rate, shoot mass, and ion accumulation with plant performance under salt stress.
A KAUST-led study reveals that plant trait diversity increases above an aridity threshold of 0.7, challenging the view that harsh environments reduce biodiversity. The research found that chemical and morphological traits respond similarly to changes in aridity and grazing pressure.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University found that genes on newly formed neo-sex chromosomes in fruit flies tend to evolve sex-biased genes, which give sex-specific phenotypes. This strongly supports the hypothesis that sex chromosomes reduce sexual conflict by imparting beneficial traits to each sex.
The paper explores evolving landscape of genetics research into obesity, emphasizing both new discoveries and challenges. Researchers highlight complexity of body weight regulation and advocate for precise phenotyping methods targeting relevant and refined phenotypes related to adiposity.
Researchers at UCLA Health Sciences identified three distinct patient preference-based profiles among men with low-risk prostate cancer. Despite differences in preferences, physician recommendations played a crucial role in determining treatment choices. The study highlights the need for better integrating patient preferences into trea...
Researchers created a new cell model to study the effects of senescence on lung fibroblasts. Senescent alveolar epithelial cells triggered fibrotic activation in lung fibroblasts, which was attenuated by senolytic therapy.
Researchers have developed a multi-component hydrogel scaffold to mimic the amyloid-beta containing microenvironment associated with AD. The study found elevated levels of neuroinflammation and apoptosis markers in healthy neuronal progenitor cells cultured within this environment.
Researchers developed a novel method combining computer vision and deep learning for drought-stressed poplar saplings, achieving 99% variety identification accuracy. The methods proposed hold significant potential for drought-resistant poplar screening and precise irrigation decision-making.
Researchers combined DNA markers from two genotyping systems to improve genomic predictions and GWAS for 24 fruit traits. The results showed increased accuracy and detection power when using combined datasets, suggesting benefits to leveraging historical data.
The DEKR-SPrior model significantly reduces the mean absolute error in pod phenotyping compared to existing models, offering a valuable tool for enhancing crop yield predictions. It demonstrates superior accuracy in accurately detecting and counting soybean pods and seeds.
Researchers used AI to analyze over 16,000 butterfly images, finding both males and females contribute to diversity among species. The study resolves a century-old debate between Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace on the role of natural selection in female evolution.
Hybrids between two manakin species in Panama have remained relatively stable over the past 30 years, with minimal changes in genomic markers. The phenotypic transition zone also shows stability, with only one trait having shifted location, suggesting a potential selection for green bellies.
A decade-long study has discovered a vast untapped genetic potential in modern wheat varieties, revealing that at least 60% of the genetic diversity found in a historic collection is unused. This discovery provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve modern wheat and sustainably feed a growing global population. The study used a cr...
The Kids First DRC has introduced an upgraded data portal to streamline big data search and analysis, improving collaborative pediatric research outcomes. The new portal integrates diverse datasets, including genomic information from the Children's Brain Tumor Network, to foster cross-disciplinary research.
A new system developed by Boyce Thompson Institute makes affordable, mobile and high-throughput phenotyping tools accessible worldwide. This allows researchers to conduct data-driven studies on plant growth and responses over time, accelerating breeding of more resilient crop varieties.
Researchers have identified collagen features as valuable biomarkers for evaluating melanoma immunotherapy response. Single-fiber characteristics were found to be more sensitive to treatment-induced changes than bulk collagen features, offering insights into collagen remodeling over time.
Weo electrolyzed water (WEW) has been shown to attenuate cellular senescence in both normal fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. The study found that WEW modulated markers of cellular senescence, inflammation, and stress response genes in a cell type-dependent manner.
Researchers discuss therapeutic opportunities for hypermutated urothelial carcinomas that are resistant to immunotherapy, including the potential of targeted therapies. High TMB is associated with defects in mismatch repair proteins and can lead to increased sensitivity to cancer treatments.
Researchers found associations between inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and accelerated aging, with GlycA and GrimAge showing robust correlations. The study provides insight into the relationship between aging and cardiometabolic health, potentially informing vulnerable populations.
The VA has launched CIPHER, an online searchable library of EHR-based phenotypes, data mappings, and tools for data visualization. This platform aims to improve the use of complex health data, leading to better care for Veterans and others.
Researchers investigate senescence phenotypes of human corneal endothelial cells upon treatment with ultraviolet (UV)-A. Cells exhibit enlarged morphology, increased β-galactosidase activity and decreased proliferation. UV-A-induced senescent cells show similar gene expression profiles to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cells.
Using AI software called SLEAP, scientists at Salk Institute are designing climate-saving plants with optimized root systems that can store more carbon. This approach enables researchers to analyze plant features and connect desirable traits to targetable genes, accelerating the development of carbon-capturing plants.
Long-term BMI variability was a significant risk marker for adverse cardiovascular events, independent of mean BMI, across major racial and ethnic groups. The study's findings have implications for the phenotype of high BMI variability and potential preventive measures.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham discovered that the ALG6 variant is associated with altered phenotypes in patients with RP59, including delayed peripheral rod degeneration and diminished macular cone photoreceptor health. This study highlights the complex effects of modifier genes in human genetic disease.
A new study uses UAV technology and deep learning to analyze soybean growth, improving yield predictions by extracting key phenotypic parameters. The approach enables high-throughput field experiments and provides insights for breeding higher-yielding soybean varieties.
This study leverages attention mechanisms based deep learning models to improve spike detection in greenhouse cultivated grain crops. The Swin Transformer model demonstrates superior accuracy, while the FRCNN-A provides a faster training alternative.
Researchers identify promising methods for early and accurate plant stress detection using AI and imaging sensor technologies. The review highlights the need for precise AI algorithms, diverse datasets, and accessible sensors like RGB cameras.
A study of 104 patients found that 83.5% had divergent phenotypes, with a significant increase in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers due to phenoconversion. The results highlight the importance of pharmacogenetic testing and personalized treatment approaches in psychiatric care.
Researchers developed a new approach to root phenotyping using convolutional neural networks, enabling automated total root length estimation from minirhizotron images. The method demonstrates high accuracy and robustness in capturing root growth patterns, offering significant promise for precision agriculture practices.
Researchers define a 'core senescent profile' in human colon fibroblasts, revealing potential driver proteins involved in CRC. The study's findings provide insights into therapies for improving overall health and preventing CRC.
Researchers found that impaired mitochondrial unfolded protein response causes accelerated telomere shortening in both oocytes and somatic cells of aging mice. This study highlights the link between loss of mitochondrial protein homeostasis, infertility, and somatic aging.
Researchers have defined what a premature aging disease is and developed tools to diagnose progeria patients, allowing them to identify new syndromes. The study also identified correlations between progeroid syndromes and other conditions, providing a significant step forward in understanding premature aging.
This study utilizes neural network-based point cloud completion to reconstruct 3D models of flowering Chinese Cabbage leaves, achieving full reconstruction with moderate consistency. The results show that the PF-Net algorithm improves the completeness of leaf point clouds under natural occlusion conditions, but struggles with larger mi...
A study published in Plant Phenomics explores the use of LiDAR technology to characterize grapevine growth and detect associated genetic loci. The research found strong correlations between LiDAR-derived volumes and traditional methods, with stable heritability and powerful QTL detection confirming their efficacy.
Researchers used hyperspectral reflectance to differentiate Scots pine seedlings from lowland and upland ecotypes, achieving up to 83% accuracy. The study demonstrates the potential of non-destructive genetic evaluation and effective nursery practices in forestry and breeding programs.