Articles tagged with Reference Genomes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Earth BioGenome Project aims to create a digital library of DNA sequences to preserve and protect life on Earth. The project has revealed a refined strategy to scale up the sequencing of 150,000 species, accelerating biodiversity research and global conservation.
The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona is part of the international Tree of Sex project, aiming to create a comprehensive database on reproduction in eukaryotes. The UAB will contribute genomic, transcriptomic, and ecological data to expand upon the original initiative.
The study provides a comprehensive reference for six ape species, including siamang, Sumatran orangutan, gorilla, bonobo, and chimpanzee. The ape genomes offer new insights into human and ape evolution, genetic differences among species, and potential therapeutic applications.
A comprehensive genetic representation for over 2.5 billion people has been created, capturing genetic diversity and variations found in diverse populations. This pangenome reference aims to enhance early diagnosis and personalized treatments for genetic diseases prevalent in the region.
Researchers have unlocked the genetic secrets of Palmer amaranth, a weed species that makes farming harder and less profitable. The new genome analysis provides insights into the weeds' ability to detoxify common herbicides and reveals key gene families involved in non-target-site resistance.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys used two sequencing methods to reveal new mRNAs associated with Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease. The study found vast mRNA isoform diversity in genes related to neurodegenerative diseases.
A new chromosome-scale reference genome of grass pea has been published, improving on earlier draft assemblies and offering potential for climate-smart agriculture. The updated genome allows for improved breeding and gene editing to develop varieties with improved agronomic characteristics or low toxin content.
The European Reference Genome Atlas pilot project successfully assembled high-quality reference genomes for 98 European species, including the Cretan wall lizard and Aristotle's catfish. These genomes will enable scientists to make accurate assessments of endangered species' genetic status and inform conservation actions.
Scientists have successfully sequenced the genome of the spur-thighed tortoise, a threatened land turtle species, using a reference assembly method. The genome sequencing will enable conservation efforts and provide tools for protecting the species' populations.
Researchers at HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology have created high-quality genome sequences for three modern upland cotton cultivars, providing necessary resources for breeders. The new genomes revealed genetic material from Pima cotton within modern varieties, enabling efficient selection of progeny with improved fiber quality.
A consortium of scientists, including Brazilians, has successfully sequenced the reference genome of Arabica coffee. The study identified genes responsible for resistance to rust and other diseases, as well as those related to the aroma of Arabica coffee. By comparing a dihaploid-derived genome with a common tetraploid variety, researc...
The University of Eastern Finland has published a chromosomally assembled reference genome for the European brown hare, consisting of 2.9 billion base pairs and 30,833 genes. This represents a significant breakthrough in genomic research for Finnish species.
The sequencing of the blue whale and Etruscan shrew genomes has provided significant insights into developmental biology, with the largest mammal showing a surprisingly slow developmental clock. The study also sheds light on metabolism, with the tiny shrew serving as a model for understanding high-energy demands.
Scientists mapped genetic blueprints for 51 vertebrate species, including cats, dolphins, and birds, using novel algorithms and computer software. This discovery has huge implications for understanding human health and evolution, as it allows researchers to compare complete genomes and identify DNA sequence divergence.
Researchers have sequenced the first genome of myxini, a large group of vertebrates without a reference genome, revealing insights into evolutionary history and genomic duplications. The study provides new perspectives on the origins of complex vertebrate structures.
A team has successfully assembled the telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome of Vaccinium duclouxii, revealing insights into sugar and acid accumulation, anthocyanin biosynthesis and genetic improvement. The study provides a foundation for understanding the evolution of the Vaccinium genus.
The Illinois-led project will sequence at least 50 soybean genomes from cultivated lines and wild relatives, as well as 350 high-quality draft genomes. This will enable the identification of genetic variation and its incorporation into better crops, ultimately leading to climate-resilient soybean varieties.
The study presents a telomere-to-telomere haplotype-resolved reference genome of 'Baxijiao' triploid Cavendish banana. The genome consists of three haploid assemblies with varying sizes and repetitive regions, including expansions of gene families related to fruit quality, aroma, and anther/pollen development. Additionally, the genome ...
Three Amazonian Morpho butterfly species have been sequenced for the first time, revealing genetic differences that maintain reproductive isolation despite sympatry. The study found Z-chromosome rearrangements and genetic divergence among gene copies, suggesting a role in speciation.
The human pangenome reference combines genetic material from 47 individuals, enabling a deeper and more accurate understanding of worldwide genomic diversity. This improves the detection of variants in the human genome, particularly structural variants that can have important health implications.
Scientists at the University of Adelaide have constructed the first reference genome for psyllium husk, a versatile plant-derived product used to improve gut health and control blood cholesterol. The discovery will pave the way for improvements to the quality and quantity of psyllium crops.
A University of Maryland-led team deciphered the first comprehensive genome for a parasite responsible for transmitting Lyme disease and other serious infections. The researchers identified thousands of novel genes and new protein functions, including proteins associated with tick immunity and disease transmission.
The Euglena International Network (EIN) has launched a decade-long effort to sequence genomes of all known species of euglenoids, with the goal of understanding basic biology and translational applications. This will aid in exploring products for ecological and environmental management, as well as human welfare through biotechnology.
A high-quality Nile rat genome sequence has been assembled, expanding its potential as a model organism for studying type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with disrupted circadian rhythms. The genome's long contigs and completeness make it suitable for investigating the genetic factors contributing to disease, including epigenetics.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have successfully decoded the genome of Aldabrachelys gigantea, one of the world's two remaining giant tortoise species. The reference genome provides crucial information for breeding programs in zoos to represent genetic diversity and conservation efforts across East Africa and Madagascar.
A reference genome for the wild relative of cultivated tomatoes has been developed to improve crop yields and disease resistance. Researchers have also created online tools to facilitate gene discovery and analysis.
A study comparing whole genomes of several mustelids, including the tayra and wolverine, identifies multiple sources of genomic variation contributing to species-specific traits. The research sheds light on how these adaptations evolved in response to different ecological challenges.
The newly published oat genome sequence provides insights into its health benefits and breeding potential. The hexaploid genome contains genes linked to human health and nutrition, supporting oat safety in gluten-free diets.
The T2T consortium's completed human genome has shown significant improvements in DNA sequencing accuracy, correcting tens of thousands of errors and revealing millions of genetic variations. This new reference genome can support the analysis of over 200 genes of medical relevance, potentially propelling research into genetic disorders.
The new reference genome provides a more complete sequence of the human genome, shedding light on long-running mysteries surrounding centromeres and heterochromatin. This breakthrough enables researchers to better understand gene expression, variation, and epigenetic mechanisms.
Researchers fill in gaps in Human Reference Genome, discovering repetitive sections are a major source of human variation and genetic diversity. The Telomere-2-Telomere project reveals complex architectural features with significant consequences for understanding human evolution and biological function.
Researchers found no evidence that gelada monkeys' hemoglobin provides increased oxygen-carrying capacity, but discovered other physiological adaptations that enable them to thrive at high altitudes. The study sheds light on the mechanisms behind human adaptation and potential treatments for diseases associated with high altitude.
Scientists developed a powerful new tool called Giraffe to improve genomic research by leveraging global genetic diversity. The tool allows for the use of a diverse pangenome reference point, enabling faster and more sensitive comparisons of short-read human genome sequences.
Researchers have introduced a new tool, Giraffe, that can efficiently map new genome sequences to a 'pangenome' representing many diverse human genome sequences. This approach allows for a more comprehensive characterization of genetic variations and reduces mapping bias.
Researchers developed AI tool EVE to analyze genetic variations, reclassifying 256,000 variants as benign or disease-causing. The tool enhances clinical methods for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment choice.
Researchers compared hg19 and hg38 reference genomes using exome sequencing data from over 1,500 participants. They identified 206 genes with discordant variants, including those associated with Mendelian diseases and common disease phenotypes.
A research team at ETH Zurich has created a comprehensive bovine genome reference by integrating data from six breeds, revealing numerous new genes and functionalities. These newly discovered sequences show connections to immune functions and may provide insights into genetic variants lost during domestication.
Scientists have assembled high-quality reference genomes for 16 endangered species, including the kakapo and vaquita, revealing that even small populations can survive if humans do not kill off remaining animals. The 'kitchen sink approach' combined multiple biotech tools to produce error-free genome assemblies.
The researchers have developed a high-precision reference sequence, JG1, constructed from the genomes of three Japanese individuals using next-generation sequencing technologies. This will enable efficient investigation of causal genetic variants for rare diseases and cancer driver genes in Japanese populations.
A new rhesus macaque reference genome has been established, identifying over 85 million genetic variants, the largest database of its kind. This will support detailed analyses of fundamental questions in molecular genetics and help find naturally occurring models of genetic disorders.
Researchers have created a more complete reference genome for the rhesus macaque, expanding its potential use in human disease modeling and genetic therapy development. The updated genome assembly reveals thousands of naturally occurring gene variants associated with human conditions like autism and developmental delay.
Researchers assembled full genomes for domesticated apple and two wild progenitors, giving breeders detailed information to improve crop traits. The study provides a detailed genomic roadmap for building better apples with improved flavor, texture and disease resistance.
Researchers have compiled a genome reference database of thousands of healthy older Australians, providing a powerful framework to identify new disease-causing gene variants. The database shows genetic changes associated with ageing, including shorter telomeres and less mitochondrial DNA, which may predict health outcomes for individuals.
Scientists have assembled a set of genetic sequences to improve the human reference genome, which better reflects global genetic diversity and provides more accurate interpretations of whole-genome sequencing data. The new resource benefits researchers studying diverse human populations and future sequencing studies.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet analyzed the whole genome of 1,000 Swedish individuals and identified 61,000 new DNA sequences, including 80 genes linked to diseases. These new sequences are found in all major human populations, indicating they are ancient and widespread
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has awarded $29.5 million over five years to fund two centers for advancing the human genome reference sequence. The centers will develop a multi-genome reference sequence representing 350 genomes, enabling researchers to find disease-causing variants with increased accuracy.
Researchers mapped the whole genomes of 1,000 Swedish individuals, identifying 61,000 new DNA sequences that affect over 80 genes. These new sequences are found in all human populations and suggest an ancient origin, updating our understanding of human genetic diversity.
Researchers from China have updated the soybean genome to a golden reference, improving its assembly quality and completeness. The new genome has increased accuracy in gene annotation and expression profiling, facilitating fundamental research and molecular breeding.
The completed brown trout reference genome will enable scientists to identify sub-species and understand the genetic roots of this highly specialised species. This knowledge will facilitate targeted conservation efforts, particularly in light of rapid climatic change.
A new study presents the completed almond reference genome, revealing the genetic differences between toxic and sweet kernel genotypes. A cluster of transcription factors associated with sweet kernel genotypes was discovered, including bHLH2, which regulates the biosynthetic pathway for amygdalin production
Researchers have developed new sequencing technologies to generate more complete reference genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans, a widely studied model organism. The studies provide insights into the organism's genome structure, gene regulation, and development, expanding its usefulness for biologists.
A team of Johns Hopkins scientists analyzed DNA sequences from 910 individuals of African descent and found 300 million base pairs of genetic material missing from the current human genome reference. This discovery highlights the need for more diverse reference genomes to better understand genetic variations across populations.
Scientists have assembled a comprehensive map of Aedes aegypti mosquito DNA using long-read sequencing technology, providing a much more complete and accurate picture of gene elements. The new genome has already revealed critical clues into how the insects sense chemical cues and has identified 49 new genes involved in immune responses.
The University of Maryland has contributed to the publication of two collaborative papers in Science that detail the full genome sequence of wheat. The research uses this genome sequence to examine gene expression related to heat, drought, and disease stressors, paving the way for more resilient and sustainable wheat varieties.
A team of over 200 scientists from 73 institutions worldwide has completed the entire sequence of bread wheat's genome, which could lead to higher yields, enhanced nutritional quality, and improved sustainability. The reference genome sequence will enable breeders to develop improved varieties and address food security challenges.
Researchers have created a plant pan-genome using Brachypodium distachyon, revealing nearly twice the number of genes found in any individual line. This new estimate enables breeders to tap into genetic variability for traits like yield and disease resistance.
The Danish Reference genome is a groundbreaking achievement in genomics, allowing for the analysis of previously untractable regions and mapping non-simple variation among individuals. This breakthrough increases understanding of genetic differences affecting health and disease, paving the way for precision medicine.
The new maize genome provides unprecedented detail on gene regulation and variation, enabling scientists to understand how the plant adapts to changing conditions. This knowledge has huge implications for breeding and expanding maize's growing range as climate change intensifies.
A team of researchers has developed a new method, called 3D genome assembly, that can create a human reference genome from scratch for less than $10,000. This technology allows scientists to assemble the genome of Zika virus-carrying mosquitoes at a fraction of the cost and time required by traditional methods.
A team developed a new way to sequence genomes, assembling the Zika virus mosquito genome for less than $10,000. This allows for rapid creation of reference genomes for all species, including humans, tumors, and patients, enabling better diagnosis and treatment.