Articles tagged with Urine
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have successfully isolated kidney stem cells from urine, expressing markers similar to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and renal stem cell markers. The isolated cells can differentiate into various kidney cell types, including proximal- and distal-tubules and podocytes.
High levels of protein in urine shortly after an episode of acute kidney injury are associated with increased risk of kidney disease progression. The study suggests that measuring urine protein levels can help identify patients at highest risk and guide appropriate referrals to reduce adverse health outcomes.
A study by Krista Wigginton and colleagues found that urine-derived fertilizer loses 99% of its ability to confer resistance on soil bacteria after incubation. This suggests that upcycling urine is unlikely to transfer antibiotic resistance, reducing the environmental impact of this sustainable practice.
A new study by the University of Michigan finds that aged urine can be used as a fertilizer with low risks of transferring antibiotic resistant DNA. The 'aging' process deactivates 99% of antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria, making it a promising alternative to traditional fertilizers.
A new immunocapture protein phosphatase inhibition assay (IC-PPIA) method has been developed to detect microcystins and nodularin in human urine, yielding positive results from three out of 86 urine specimens. The study provides a critical step in developing clinical diagnostic tests for harmful algal bloom exposure worldwide.
A recent study has found that BPA levels in humans are significantly higher than previously estimated, with a 44-fold increase in exposure. The research challenges the safety assumptions of regulatory agencies and highlights the need for more accurate measurement methods.
A new home urine test has shown to accurately diagnose aggressive prostate cancer and predict treatment needs up to five years earlier than standard clinical methods. The 'PUR' test looks at gene expression in urine samples and provides vital information about tumor aggressiveness.
Researchers are designing a toilet that can analyze urine for biomarkers of various human conditions, such as cancer and diabetes. The technology has the potential to provide early warning systems for viral or bacterial outbreaks and track medication effectiveness in older adults.
Researchers developed a non-invasive test to detect cervical pre-cancer by analyzing urine and vaginal samples collected by women themselves. The test, called S5, measures DNA methylation and has been shown to accurately identify high-risk women with an HPV positive test.
Researchers at McMaster University have identified chemical signatures detectable in blood and urine that can accurately measure dietary intake. The study validates a panel of metabolites in urine and plasma that correlate with consumption of fruits, vegetables, protein, and fiber.
A study has identified a novel biomarker, KLK4-KLKP1 fusion gene, detectable in urine samples of patients with prostate cancer. This non-invasive method may replace traditional PSA tests, reducing unnecessary biopsies and improving diagnosis accuracy.
A urine test that measures specific proteins found in urine can detect early-stage pancreatic cancer with nearly 95% accuracy. The UroPanc clinical study aims to validate this biomarker in a clinical setting, with the potential to develop a standardized urine test for clinicians to use as a diagnostic aid.
The USPSTF recommends screening pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture due to the associated risk of pyelonephritis. The condition affects an estimated 2-10% of pregnant women and can lead to hospitalization. The new recommendation updates the 2008 guideline.
A study by Purdue University researchers suggests that urine analysis can provide faster diagnosis and treatment for traumatic brain injuries, which could lead to improved outcomes for soldiers and athletes. The test checks for elevated levels of acrolein in the urine within seven days of injury.
A simple and sensitive urine test has been developed to detect colon cancer in mice, changing the color of urine to signal growing tumors. The test uses nanosensors that break down when cut by enzymes released by tumors, producing a blue color change that can be seen with the naked eye.
Researchers at Aarhus University have successfully developed a new method for analyzing urine samples, making it cheaper and more accurate. The approach uses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with a contrast agent to identify and quantify small molecule compounds in urine.
Scientists have identified two types of blood clotting proteins found in the urine of patients with lupus nephritis, which can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. The discovery may lead to improved clinical management and treatment responses.
A recent study found that nearly 9% of healthy women carried multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains in their guts, which can transfer to the female urinary tract and cause disease. The study also showed that these strains persist in the gut for a long time and can be detected in the urine without symptoms.
Researchers developed molecular imaging probes that can track changes in biological processes at the molecular level, detecting acute kidney failure up to 1.5 days earlier than current methods. The probes have high renal clearance efficiency and could be used as non-invasive test strips for urine samples.
Scientists at McMaster University have identified biomarkers for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in urine, which could lead to better treatments and reduce the need for costly colonoscopy procedures. The study found distinctive metabolic signatures that were elevated in IBS patients, suggesting an impairment of the gut's elastic lining.
Researchers have identified cranberry oligosaccharides as potential anti-adhesive compounds that could help prevent UTIs. These complex carbohydrates were detected in the urine of pigs fed dried cranberry powder and showed activity against E. coli bacteria.
Two new urine tests have shown promise in accurately detecting bladder cancer, determining its severity, and detecting recurrence. The tests use a gene variant called V1, which is elevated in bladder cancer, and have been found to be 90% effective at detecting the disease.
Researchers at University of Manchester found urine testing to be just as effective as the cervical smear in detecting high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes cervical cancer. The study suggests a urine test could increase participation rates for cervical cancer screening among younger women.
Researchers at A??kl? Höyük found high concentrations of sodium, chlorine, and nitrate salts in midden soil layers, indicating early animal management. The discovery provides a new approach to studying animal domestication at dry sites without other evidence.
A new study published in Science Advances uses urine salts to reconstruct the history of animal domestication at an ancient site in Turkey. The research suggests that the transition from hunting to herding occurred around 10,000 years ago, with a rapid increase in human and animal density.
Researchers developed a rapid, non-invasive urine test to diagnose preeclampsia, with an accuracy rate of 86% compared to other biochemical tests. The 'Congo Red Dot' test can provide results within three minutes, allowing for early detection and treatment, thereby reducing maternal deaths and premature births.
A study by researchers at Vetmeduni Vienna found that dominant male house mice produce higher levels of certain pheromones compared to subordinates. These pheromones are transported in the urine via major urinary proteins (MUPs) and bind to female reproductive physiology, making them more attractive to receptive females.
Researchers at Utrecht University have successfully created mini kidneys from urine cells, which can be used to study certain kidney diseases. These mini kidneys can also be infected with viruses to test potential treatments for patients who undergo a transplant.
Changes to standard urine orders led to a 45% reduction in unnecessary tests for asymptomatic patients. Nurses play a crucial role in antimicrobial stewardship, and practical guidance is needed to integrate them into efforts.
A new study at WashU Medicine finds that making a simple electronic system change can reduce bacterial culture tests ordered without compromising patient care. The change encourages doctors to first look for signs of UTIs before testing urine for bacteria, resulting in a nearly half reduction in unnecessary tests.
A study by Duke University found that children living in homes with vinyl flooring or flame-retardant sofa foam have significantly higher concentrations of potentially harmful toxins in their bodies. The researchers discovered a six-fold increase in PBDEs in the blood serum of children from homes with flame-retardant sofa foam.
A large study examining phthalate exposure and postmenopausal breast cancer found no association between the two. The research, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, suggests that more research is needed to investigate younger women and potential associations between phthalate exposure and breast cancer risk.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports reveals that cattle urine releases more nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, when spilled on degraded land compared to healthy pasture. Land restoration and conservation efforts can mitigate this impact by improving forage grasses, rotational grazing, and adding shrubs and trees.
A study found that screening all hospitalized patients with HIV for tuberculosis using urine tests would improve life expectancy by 0.5 to 1.2 years and be cost-effective compared to sputum testing alone. Urine testing, such as LAM and Xpert tests, can detect cases of TB that would have otherwise been missed.
A new study by Boston Medical Center found that patients are less likely to disclose drug use earlier in treatment, but urine drug testing can help identify and engage patients with positive test results. The study suggests developing interventions for patients with positive urine tests to keep them engaged in care.
A long-running study of mothers and children found that chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, and phenols are associated with earlier puberty in girls. The study suggests that these chemicals may mimic or interfere with natural hormones in the body, leading to an earlier onset of puberty.
A study found associations between environmental pollutants and metabolic processes in pregnant women, with potential implications for foetal development and child health. Exposure to low levels of contaminants left an imprint on their metabolism.
Researchers have proposed a solution to the uncomfortable and messy issue of providing urine samples. A patented product called the Orchid, designed by Faith Leibman, features a funnel-like catch attached to a urine sample cup, making it easier for women and people with disabilities to provide a urine sample.
A national poll found that nearly half of women over 50 experience urinary incontinence, but many don't discuss it with their doctors. The poll also revealed common triggers and coping strategies, emphasizing the need for physicians to ask about incontinence issues in older female patients.
A recent study published in Environmental Health Perspectives found that drinking water fluoride levels significantly impact pregnant women's urine. Researchers discovered that Canadian cities with fluoridated public drinking water have higher urinary fluoride levels compared to non-fluoridated areas.
A new study by Cancer Research UK has found that immune cells in urine samples can accurately reflect the tumor environment, offering a non-invasive window into bladder cancer. This discovery could help monitor response to immunotherapy and identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment.
Massachusetts General Hospital researchers discovered that extracellular RNA in urine can serve as a source of biomarkers for muscular dystrophy. This non-invasive assay allows for the monitoring of systemic diseases and may reduce or eliminate the need for muscle biopsies, enabling early identification of therapeutic response.
A new study by KU Leuven reveals the hidden costs of cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo, including high levels of cobalt in children's urine and increased DNA damage. The research highlights the need for sustainable cobalt mining practices to mitigate environmental and health impacts.
A new study found evidence of exposure to phthalates in 71% of bottlenose dolphins tested in Sarasota Bay, Florida. The presence of byproducts of the chemicals in the animals' urine indicates they have remained in the body long enough to process them.
Scientists at Scripps Research have developed a non-invasive urine test to detect the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus, causing river blindness. The new lateral flow assay uses a biomarker in human urine to identify active infections, offering a crucial tool for tracking outbreaks and treating current infections.
Researchers suggest looking at both urine and blood for answers in diagnosing monoclonal gammopathy and multiple myeloma. A study found that serum free light chain assays can miss abnormal lambda light chains in the urine, leading to false negatives.
A recent patient study found that more than half of hospital patients who had a urinary catheter experienced complications, with non-infectious problems being five times more common than UTIs. The study highlights the importance of avoiding indwelling catheters and removing them as soon as possible to prevent these issues.
Researchers found that handwashing and house cleaning can effectively lower exposure to flame retardants, with a 43% decrease in Tris levels measured in urine after both interventions. The study's results support the EPA's recommendations for reducing exposure to these chemicals.
Researchers have discovered an experimental drug that can restore some bladder function after spinal cord injury in mice, potentially reducing the risk of bladder infections and incontinence. The drug works by blocking abnormal neural communication and appears to maintain near-normal bladder pressure and reduce unexpected urine expulsion.
Researchers have created a model to capture subtle differences in urine flow patterns using high-speed photography, which can help diagnose urethral strictures. The team plans to develop an app that allows patients to record and analyze their own urine flow images.
A study by Loyola Medicine researchers found a diverse mix of bacteria in the urine of kidney disease patients, including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. This diversity is higher in patients experiencing urinary urgency and may lead to new approaches for treating lower urinary tract problems.
A recent study published in British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology found that large variability in urine concentrations makes it impossible to determine an administered dose from a single untimed urine sample. This highlights the need to reconsider the use of urine tests for detecting salbutamol doping, as many violations will go unn...
Researchers developed a new method for early and accurate breast cancer screening using electronic nose gas sensors and GC-MS analysis, achieving 95% average accuracy in detecting breast cancer biomarkers from breath samples. Urine samples also yielded 85% average accuracy with this technology.
A study of 69,795 Korean men found that prolonged sitting time and low physical activity levels increase the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms. Reducing sitting time and promoting physical activity may help prevent these symptoms.
A novel Helmintex assay has been shown to detect low-intensity schistosomiasis infections with high accuracy, surpassing traditional methods. The study found that the HTX method detected eggs in 29% of samples negative according to the Kato-Katz method.
Researchers found that pets consuming parabens through their diet have increased exposure to diseases, such as diabetes and kidney disease. The study analyzed commercial pet food and urine samples from dogs and cats, revealing high concentrations of methyl paraben and its metabolite in both food and urine.
Researchers at Washington University developed a novel, low-cost technique to preserve blood and urine samples without refrigeration. The method uses nanoporous materials to protect protein biomarkers, maintaining 95% purity and enabling efficient transportation and analysis.
Researchers detected yellow fever virus in urine and semen samples from a patient who survived the disease almost a month after infection. The discovery suggests the virus may be contagious for a period longer than previously thought, potentially allowing asymptomatic individuals to transmit the disease.
Scientists have developed a new sample storage method that uses tiny metal-organic hybrid structures to encapsulate and protect disease indicators from blood and urine samples. This technique has been shown to retain more than 85% of biomarkers for kidney damage, comparable to refrigeration.
Researchers found a substance indicating oxidative damage increases in urine as people get older, potentially providing a method to measure biological age. The study measured 8-oxoGsn levels in human urine samples from Chinese residents aged 2-90 years old, finding an age-dependent increase in urinary 8-oxoGsn.