Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered that the enzymatic function of the fly enzyme Trr may not be as crucial as previously thought, suggesting alternative explanations for its role in cancer development. The study found that knocking out Trr's catalytic activity did not affect flies' viability or gene expression.
A new study uses gene transfer to block the expression of an enzyme that breaks down alcohol, leading to increased acetaldehyde levels and potential treatment for alcoholism. The approach has strong proof-of-concept data and bodes well for future development of a genetic therapy.
Researchers discovered that disrupting DNA loops in glial cells can reduce NFIA expression and tumor proliferation. This finding opens a potential new approach to treating glioma, a deadly form of brain cancer.
Researchers developed DroNc-Seq, a method merging sNuc-Seq with microfluidics for parallel measurement of gene expression in complex tissues. The technique enables identification of unique expression signatures for cell types, including rare ones, and differentiation between closely related subtypes.
Research reveals that estrogen hormones regulate gene expression through a multi-step process involving sequential recruitment of coactivators. The study, published in Molecular Cell, shows that the addition of specific coactivator CARM1 guides subsequent steps leading to gene activation.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a mechanism for regulating gene activity in plants by identifying small DNA sequences called Polycomb response elements (PREs) that direct the silencing of genes. These PREs can be manipulated using gene-editing techniques to alter gene expression without adding foreign gene...
The FANTOM5 project has created an extensive atlas of microRNA expression in human primary cells, providing insights into the intricate regulatory network governing cellular function and behavior. The atlas reveals thousands of new genomic loci producing short RNAs, which may constitute a novel class of regulatory short RNAs.
A study found that ONC201 alters the gene expression of cancer stem cells before killing tumor cells, providing a potential biomarker for response. This effect was not observed in resistant cells, suggesting a predictive gene expression signature may help forecast treatment outcomes.
Researchers have developed novel secreted reporter proteins that can be detected for several months after infusion into the liver, demonstrating potential for monitoring therapeutic gene delivery and ongoing expression. The findings show promise for scaling up this method to humans.
Researchers have developed virus-derived expression vectors as a potential gene therapy vehicle for treating various diseases. These vectors use viral sequences to silence specific genes or induce RNA interference, effectively downregulating viral replication and expressing therapeutic proteins.
Researchers at York University found that beta blockers can reverse detrimental gene expression patterns in heart failure. The study suggests that this reversal may be protective against heart failure and could lead to new treatments.
Scientists at North Carolina State University have found that small variations in the bellwether gene can significantly affect male fruit fly lifespan, but not female lifespans. The study sheds light on sex-specific differences in lifespan and highlights the importance of metabolic genes.
A study found that PD-L2 protein expression was associated with clinical response to pembrolizumab in patients with HNSCC, independent of PD-L1 expression. Clinical response rates were higher among patients whose tumors expressed both PD-L1 and PD-L2.
A new study found that concentrated broccoli sprout extract can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. The researchers used a computational approach to identify compounds that could counter disease-associated gene expression changes associated with the condition.
Researchers developed new tools to infer context-specific regulatory networks from paired expression and chromatin accessibility data. This approach recovers significant information on binding locations and chromatin states, enabling accurate inferences for gene regulatory relationships.
A novel signaling system in S. pneumoniae strains may control gene expression and virulence in co-colonizing strains, according to a study published in PLOS Pathogens.
A new study reveals that fishing can lead to massive gene expression changes in an exploited fish population, affecting their ability to adapt. Removing the largest individuals from a population induces differences in thousands of genes, which persist even after recovery.
Exposure to high temperatures in Caenorhabditis elegans can lead to genetic changes that persist through both sperm and egg, affecting up to 14 generations. These changes are driven by a temperature-induced reduction in an enzyme, resulting in gene expression alterations that 'remember' the environmental stress.
Research by British American Tobacco found that e-cigarette vapour has a limited effect on gene expression in human lung cells compared to cigarette smoke. The study exposed MucilAir 3D models to equivalent or higher doses of nicotine and measured the genes affected, revealing significant differences in response.
Research by Osaka University identifies cohesin as key regulator of chromosome structure controlling nerve cell network formation and gene regulation. Mice with reduced cohesin expression exhibited neuronal defects, increased anxiety and behavioral problems.
Researchers at Washington State University have identified a key gene involved in the quality of sleep experienced by humans and animals. The study found that a variant of the gene FABP7 is associated with poorer sleep quality, suggesting its importance in regulating sleep across species.
A new study identifies optimal adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy delivery vector constructs to treat Hemophilia A. The researchers successfully improved the design of AAV vectors, demonstrating significant and differing effects on liver-specific expression of the human factor VIII transgene in mice.
Researchers envision AAV as a platform for delivering novel tools for genetic manipulation, including CRISPR-Cas9 and RNA interference. The combination of tailored delivery vectors and new editing techniques will enable unique approaches to therapeutic gene expression.
A new computational method called Salmon can improve the accuracy of gene expression analyses by correcting for technical biases. This is particularly important for applications such as cancer diagnosis and disease subtyping, where gene expression plays a critical role.
Research reveals rosiglitazone treatment increases brown fat genes in mice, reversing genetic alterations associated with obesity. The findings suggest environmental changes can reverse some genetic defects linked to type 2 diabetes.
A team of researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital has identified a mechanism controlling the growth of medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric brain tumor. The study found that OTX2 is a critical factor regulating gene expression programs in Group 3 medulloblastoma, and its suppression can reduce tumor growth and survival.
Researchers found that Neanderthal DNA sequences still influence human gene expression, contributing to traits such as height and susceptibility to schizophrenia or lupus. The study used the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project dataset and analyzed RNA sequences in 52 different tissues.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem discovered how enteropathogenic bacteria sense host attachment and reorganize gene expression to exploit cells. This understanding may lead to new strategies to combat bacterial infections.
Researchers developed a mini-intronic plasmid (MIP) system that can enhance transgene expression by up to 40-100-fold when used with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. This could reduce the cost of gene therapy and lessen immune responses.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have created a new technology that can precisely control gene expression by light illumination, overcoming existing limitations. The method uses ultraviolet and blue light to start and stop protein production in embryos, enabling precise timing and duration of gene expression.
A new technique allows scientists to precisely regulate protein production from genes, enabling the design and study of biological systems. This breakthrough can be used to produce desired products, such as medicines, or study disease-related genes, including those implicated in cancer.
A recent study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine reveals that enhancer RNAs play a crucial role in regulating CBP activity and gene expression. The researchers identified eRNAs as the most common type of RNA binding to CBP, suggesting their importance in guiding protein production.
Researchers found that glial cells experience bigger changes than neurons as people age, with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes shifting their regional gene expression patterns upon aging. The study provides a tool to understand how aging in the brain may be linked to the causes of age-related disorders.
Researchers evaluated two adeno-associated virus vectors in non-human primates to assess gene expression efficiency and immunogenicity. The results provide insight into the safety and effectiveness of these gene therapy approaches before initiating clinical trials in humans.
Researchers at Caltech have developed a method to link magnetic resonance imaging signals to gene expression in cells, allowing for non-invasive monitoring of disease. The technique uses aquaporin reporter genes to visualize gene expression in living tissues, with potential clinical translation.
Researchers at Penn have identified a mechanism by which mitochondria can drive changes in nuclear gene expression associated with tumor progression. The epigenetic process involves a protein triggered by mitochondrial oxidative or metabolic stress, leading to reduced cancer gene expression when blocked.
Stowers researchers discovered that DNA enhancers engage in an ongoing contest between activation and repression, resulting in a different epigenetic state of histone proteins. This finding clarifies the often misunderstood role of repression in DNA enhancers and its importance as an action.
A new study by researchers from the U.S. and France finds that multiple anomalies in gene expression, including failure to implant and placenta development, contribute to the high rate of pregnancy failure for cloned embryos. The study reveals critical developmental genes and hormonal signaling issues that lead to these failures.
A research team at the University of Basel has discovered a cancer type-specific 'signature' based on ribosomal protein expression. This signature may serve as a prognostic marker for cancer and point towards new therapeutic opportunities, with a strong relationship found between the signature in breast cancer and relapse-free survival.
A team of scientists has discovered that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates gene expression to determine the sex of fruit flies by controlling the Sex-lethal (Sxl) gene. Alternative splicing allows only female mRNA to be made into a functional protein.
A study has identified the gut microbiome's role in regulating host gene expression through the epigenome. A plant-based diet favors a healthier microbiome and promotes interplay between microbes and host cells. This research suggests that a Western diet may disrupt this communication, leading to potential health issues.
Studies reveal genes respond differently to high insulin levels and sustained low levels, with some expressing quickly and others repressing themselves. Researchers developed a method to control gene expression using temporal patterns and doses of insulin.
Researchers identified a gene variant that raises risk of severe rheumatoid arthritis, potentially leading to targeted treatment. The study found that the variant correlates with increased MIF production and structural changes in cells, resembling cancerous tissues.
Insilico Medicine developed a novel tool, iPANDA, to derive new insights from gene expression repositories. The method combines precalculated gene coexpression data with gene importance factors for obtaining pathway activation scores, producing highly consistent sets of biologically relevant biomarkers.
A study has discovered a crucial part of the genetic machinery that switches on the Neuroglobin gene, which is associated with protecting the brain and reducing severity of damage due to stroke and Alzheimer's disease. The research opens up new opportunities for treating AD using gene therapy.
Researchers have successfully used gene therapy to correct the faulty NPC1 gene in mice with Niemann-Pick disease type C1, improving symptoms and lifespan. The treatment has the potential to halt disease progression and improve quality of life for patients.
A study found that at least 1 in 3 gene expression studies contain mislabeled samples, leading to incorrect conclusions. Researchers used a sex-specific gene expression approach to detect mislabeling and found that 46% of human tissue datasets contained discrepancies.
Researchers developed a lentiviral vector-based gene therapy approach to deliver normal copies of the alpha-iduronidase gene to HSCs, indicating safety and efficacy in mice. The study sets the stage for a clinical trial to determine if MPS I patients can be successfully treated with this approach.
Researchers found that messenger molecules in flatworms have alternate forms with varying tail lengths, affecting gene expression. The study provides insights into stem cell regulation and tissue regeneration.
Researchers at University of Illinois discovered that mechanical force can directly trigger gene expression by stretching chromatin, a condensed DNA and protein mixture. The study found that the degree of stretching affects gene expression, with varying effects based on the direction of the force in relation to the cell's cytoskeleton.
Scientists at Joslin Diabetes Center have identified a new molecular pathway that may offer targets for drugs to strengthen angiogenesis and improve blood vessel growth in type 2 diabetes. The study found that CITED2 expression is increased in endothelial cells from patients with diabetes, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
Researchers have identified novel expression sites in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of mouse brains where the C9orf72 gene is strongly expressed. This discovery provides an important resource for studying animal models of ALS and FTD, with hopes of developing new treatments and eventually cures.
A study published in PLOS Biology shows that multiple mechanisms regulate expression of genes from the single X chromosome in Drosophila testes, reflecting a balance between chromosome-wide transcriptional suppression and compensatory evolution by sex-linked genes. This balance has consequences for gene expression and genome evolution.
A new study found that resilience is a key factor in determining individual response to childhood trauma at the molecular level. Researchers discovered that child soldiers with PTSD who demonstrated high resilience scores had comparable gene expression to civilian youths without PTSD symptoms.
Scientists at Hokkaido University developed a new CRISPR/Cas9 technique to unleash silenced genes, changing cell fates. They used DNA repair mechanism MMEJ with CRISPR/Cas9 to replace off-switches with on-switches, enabling efficient gene expression in cultured cells.
Researchers discovered significant gene expression changes in coral when introduced to algae at four hours after the symbiotic relationship begins. This finding highlights the adaptive process of coral cells responding to the introduction of the symbiont and its impact on phagosome functionality.
A new study reveals that a single gene can drive prostate differentiation in seminal vesicle epithelial cells, suggesting potential insights into prostate cancer development. The research found that inducing expression of the Nkx3.1 gene caused seminal vesicle cells to convert into a prostate-like state.
Researchers outline recent progress in clinical applications of retinal gene replacement therapy and preclinical advances in gene-specific therapy for photoreceptor diseases. Gene therapy strategies are being developed to treat a broader range of disorders affecting vision, providing new hope for individuals with eye diseases.
Researchers from Hokkaido University developed a new method to track the switching on and off of circadian genes in freely moving mice, enabling the monitoring of gene expression patterns in specific tissues. This technique has significant implications for understanding clock gene function and its effects on mouse behavior.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Georgia found that silencing of the OXT gene may impact social behaviors, including recognizing emotional states of others. Participants with higher methylation levels of the OXT gene showed difficulty in describing facial emotions and had increased anxiety about relationships.