The Perseverance rover has discovered evidence of repeated asteroid impacts creating a 3.9-billion-year-old 'weather report' from early Mars, preserving a record of variable-sized impacts and potential interaction with water or ice. The findings offer insights into one of the most turbulent chapters in the solar system's history.
A UH Mānoa study reveals the Hawaiian mantle plume has gotten hotter, producing two of the largest volcanoes in the Main Hawaiian Island chain. The research found a strong correlation between mantle temperatures and volcano size, with heat surges occurring at 14-20 million years ago and 0-6 million years ago.
Researchers developed a bifunctional catalyst system using silanol nest-enriched silicalite-1 and ZnZrOx, reducing side reactions and increasing para-xylene selectivity. The optimized catalyst achieved high toluene conversion and PX selectivity under various conditions.
New research proposes a new model for understanding mud volcano behavior, revealing that large flows grow progressively through repeated small events. A hidden layer beneath the surface acts as a lubricant, allowing overlying mud to slide slowly, reshaping the landscape in ways not immediately visible.
Scientists have created a highly efficient Mn-based catalyst for ammonia synthesis, overcoming scaling relationships and improving performance. The new catalyst enables N₂ dissociation through a hydride-assisted mechanism, resulting in higher ammonia synthesis rates.
Scientists at Tohoku University uncovered a hidden rule behind dual-atom catalysts, which follow a previously unknown 'dual-Sabatier optima' pattern. This discovery could accelerate the development of cheaper and more efficient fuel cells.
Researchers precisely dated an eruption from Newberry Volcano, discovering its ash spread over 5,000 km globally, posing significant risks. The study highlights the importance of understanding past eruptions and their hazards for disaster response management.
Researchers discovered that a volcano's eruption can clean up methane pollution by breaking it down into formaldehyde. The phenomenon could potentially be key to slowing global warming and has implications for reducing methane emissions.
Researchers tune Pt d electrons to boost LOHC dehydrogenation, achieving volcano-shaped correlation between Pt d electron density and turnover frequency. The optimized catalyst, Pt/MgO, maintains stable performance with lower coke deposition.
Researchers used machine learning algorithms to analyze satellite data, combining public and private sources to predict lava flow patterns. The study's findings can aid in early warning systems for volcanic eruptions, providing critical information for safety and analysis.
Researchers discovered a massive magma intrusion on São Jorge Island in the Azores, which stalled just 1.6km below the surface, avoiding an eruption. The study used seismometers and satellite data to reconstruct the underground movement of magma, revealing how it rose through a main fault system.
The study found that Methana volcano's magma chambers held steady amounts of magma for over 100,000 years, with intense activity peaking during zircon growth. This challenges the assumption that a prolonged period of volcanic silence means a volcano is extinct.
Researchers at the University of Lausanne uncover a breakthrough in understanding Mount Etna's origin, suggesting that the volcano may have formed through a mechanism similar to petit-spot submarine volcanoes. This discovery opens up new perspectives for understanding how other volcanic systems may form around the world.
Researchers at Kobe University have discovered a region beneath the Kikai caldera in Japan that is filled with magma, which they believe is newly injected magma. This finding allows them to propose a general model for how magma reservoirs under caldera volcanoes refill, potentially improving our ability to predict future giant eruptions.
Researchers drilled into magma beneath an active volcano and found that gas escapes within five minutes during drilling. This allows them to reconstruct the original conditions and gain insights into the behavior of magma. The findings can improve the safety of geothermal fields on active volcanoes and pave the way for targeted drilling.
Scientists detected statistically significant changes in global atmospheric temperatures in response to three major natural events: Mount Pinatubo, Australian wildfires, and Hunga Tonga eruption. The study's findings suggest that these events may not have played a role in the acceleration of global surface warming in recent years.
Research on Mars' volcanic systems shows that they were shaped by long-lasting and evolving magma beneath the planet's surface. The study found that these volcanoes experienced multiple eruptive phases, transitioning from early fissure-fed lava emplacement to later point-source activity.
Researchers discovered spin density symmetry breaking in single-atom catalysts significantly improves hydrogen evolution reaction performance. The approach lowers reaction barriers and increases turnover frequency by up to 40-fold, offering a generalizable framework for catalyst design.
A magnitude 6.9 earthquake on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2018 may have stalled episodes of periodic slow slip along a major fault underlying the volcano, according to scientists. The resulting 'stress shadow' could keep these events from happening again for decades.
Researchers have developed a new detection method called 'Jerk' that can identify extremely subtle ground movements as precursors of volcanic eruptions. The method was tested at a volcano observatory on La Réunion island and predicted 92% of eruptions between 2014 and 2023, with warning times ranging from minutes to hours.
Astronomers have captured a vivid portrait of a 'reborn' black hole, likened to the eruption of a 'cosmic volcano', in the radio galaxy J1007+3540. The black hole's newly ignited jets are being bent and distorted by the massive galaxy cluster environment.
A new study proposes a machine-learning-guided strategy to improve high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) for aviation. The researchers designed a gradient dual-proton-conducting system that enables single cells to achieve record power densities at 160°C while maintaining long-term operational stability.
Research reveals that single-celled organisms are among the first to colonize newly formed lava environments, thriving in scarce water and nutrient conditions. As diversity stabilizes over time, rainwater plays a critical role in shaping microbial communities, suggesting an unexpected link between weather phenomena and life on Earth.
Recent research reveals that volcanic eruptions can cause unpredictable weather patterns, including volcanic rain, dust storms, and unstable Antarctic air. The study also found that the Antarctic surface atmosphere has become less stable and more prone to gravity waves since the 1950s.
Shear forces in volcanic conduits can create gas bubbles, leading to a decrease in pressure and preventing explosive eruptions. This process can occur even in magma with high gas content, explaining why some volcanoes flow gently despite being potentially explosive.
A team of researchers has identified a new mechanism behind the 2025 Santorini earthquakes, finding that magma intrusion waves triggered the seismic unrest. The study used advanced machine learning techniques to analyze ground vibrations recorded by seismometers and inferred the movement of pressurized magma with unprecedented detail.
A massive swarm of earthquakes in 2025 was triggered by pulses of magma tunneling far below the seafloor, according to a new study. The findings provide a detailed look at a 'pumping' magmatic dike in action and offer insights into more reliable eruption forecasting.
Researchers created non-precious single-atom catalysts for chlorine production, achieving low overpotentials and high selectivity comparable to commercial electrodes. The key to their performance lies in an oxygen atom positioned at the 'on-top' site of the catalyst.
Researchers found that Kīlauea's magma system started behaving anomalously about a year before the 2018 eruption, suggesting a blockage formed between the volcano's summit magma reservoirs. Continuous monitoring data accumulated, gaining insights into Kīlauea's inner workings and its long-term behavior.
A new study reveals that land-use change was the primary cause of biodiversity loss on Mount Kilimanjaro's lower slopes over the last century. Human activities such as population growth and economic development led to a decline in plant species diversity, with up to 75% lost per square kilometer.
Madison Myers, an associate professor at Montana State University, has been recognized by the Geological Society of America for her contributions to volcanic field-based work. Her research focuses on monitoring Yellowstone's volcano, with a particular emphasis on effective communication of science to the public.
Scientists have detected tremor signals at the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano in Tanzania, revealing details about magma movement and volcanic activity. The findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of magma movement and offer a step forward for volcano seismology.
A new tool developed by Christelle Wauthier can help forecast collapse of volcano sides, also known as flanks or slopes. The models can evaluate the potential for collapse long before ground may give way entirely and suddenly, allowing local authorities and communities to prepare and evacuate ahead of a collapse.
Researchers from Perugia University explore how machine learning can aid in earlier hazard detection and improved risk communication. However, they caution that ML tools must be used responsibly and transparently to ensure accurate predictions and avoid potential pitfalls.
An earthquake swarm in Santorini was triggered by magma displacement, generating over 28,000 recorded earthquakes. The study reveals the chain of events that led to this seismic activity, including a hydraulic connection between two volcanoes.
Researchers developed Pr0.5Ae0.5FeO3−δ perovskites to investigate the impact of electronic structure tuning on high-temperature OER performance. Alkaline earth metal doping enhanced Fe3d-O2p hybridization, lowered charge-transfer energy, and promoted oxygen ions migration.
A team from UNIGE and INGV created a high-resolution 3D image of Vulcano's internal structure using seismic ambient noise tomography and AI. This breakthrough understanding of volcanic structures may lead to more accurate predictions and evacuation plans.
Researchers at Princeton University found that major tropical eruptions create distinct flooding patterns depending on plume location and dispersal. The patterns mostly divide along the line of the equator, with increased rainfall in the tropics in one hemisphere and decreased flooding.
Researchers analyzed atmospheric pressure waves from a massive South Pacific volcanic eruption to determine the speed of seismic waves in Alaska's upper crust. The study provided valuable information on subsurface material properties, such as hardness, which controls seismic velocity.
A new paper warns that the world's reliance on submarine cables poses significant risks to global communication, commerce, and security. The study highlights growing vulnerabilities to natural disasters and deliberate sabotage, sparking calls for diversification of global communications infrastructure beyond the ocean floor. Experts pr...
The THER web tool analyzes hypoxia-associated transcriptomic data without programming skills, presenting results via volcano plots, heatmaps, and tables. Experimental validation confirms THER's reliability, revealing broad impacts of hypoxia on drug efficacy across tumor types.
Researchers recreated icy moon conditions to study cryovolcanism's role in shaping these celestial bodies. They found that effusive cryovolcanism occurs when liquid water is released as a flow on the surface of icy moons.
Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo discovered that metal sulfides with seven to eight d electrons show superior catalytic activity. This volcano-shaped relationship provides guidelines for designing more effective catalysts, accelerating the development of efficient water-splitting catalysts for green hydrogen production.
A new study published in Science Advances uses machine learning to re-examine historical earthquake data from the Yellowstone caldera over a 15-year period. The team detected and assigned magnitudes to approximately 86,276 earthquakes, significantly improving previous understanding of volcanic and seismic systems.
Researchers used tiny crystal clots to analyze pressure changes before the 2006 Augustine Volcano eruption, which increased pressure enough to break rocks and cause the eruption. The method complements geophysical modeling, increasing understanding of magmatic processes.
A 40-meter long ice core from Mont Blanc's Dôme du Goûter holds clues to 12,000 years of human and environmental history. The record provides insights into Europe's past climate, including a temperature difference of about 3 degrees Celsius between the last Ice Age and the current Holocene Epoch.
A previously unknown genus and species of Pliocene mole, Vulcanoscaptor ninoti, has been identified in southern Europe. The fossil provides valuable insights into the evolutionary history of talpids and suggests past transcontinental migrations of moles.
Researchers found that thick ice cover suppressed volcanic eruptions, but as glacial ice melts, pressure builds and magma is released, leading to more frequent and explosive eruptions. This phenomenon could occur worldwide, including Antarctica, and may have global climate impacts, including long-term warming.
The discovery of dense clouds of neutral hydrogen gas within the Fermi bubbles challenges current understanding of their formation and age. These 'ice-like' clouds are found at 12,000 light years above the Milky Way's center and are much younger than previously estimated.
Scientists have successfully demonstrated a stress memory effect in deformed olivine at extreme conditions, which could improve seismic zone predictions. The observed effect is relevant to the seismic zones of subducting slabs, providing new insights into volcanic activity.
Researchers developed a model to explain and predict stealthy eruptions at Veniaminof, Alaska, by identifying key internal conditions such as low magma supply and warm host rock. The study suggests that volcanoes with small, warm reservoirs and slow magma flows are most likely to produce surprise eruptions.
A research team from USTC used tele-seismic double-difference tomography technology to reveal the morphological changes of the Pacific subducting slab beneath Northeast China. The study found that the local insertion of the subducting slab into the lower mantle controls deep-focus seismicity and Changbaishan volcanism.
The 'Isle of Fire' video series, developed by Time for Geography, provides a 50-year perspective on the 1973 Heimaey eruption and its impact on volcanic hazard management. The series features cutting-edge techniques in eruption reconstruction and forecasting, as well as modern management strategies.
A collaborative research project led by Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz aims to understand the impact of thermally induced fracture formation on mineral rock properties. The study will help reduce associated risks and improve geothermal energy's efficiency.
Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology built three embankment dams to divert lava flows in Iceland, delaying the molten lava by up to 16 days. The dams were constructed using in situ material and showed promising results in protecting civil society and critical infrastructure.
The robot leverages the Marangoni effect to propel itself forward, utilizing citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and propylene glycol as non-toxic and biodegradable components. The device can act as a source of nourishment for aquatic wildlife, promoting sustainability in environmental monitoring.
A recent article reviews the integration of data science into electrocatalysis, accelerating the design of high-performance catalysts. The combination of low-dimensional and high-dimensional analytics is providing deeper insights into structure-property relationships.
A new study has investigated seismic signal shear-wave splitting to provide early warnings of dangerous eruptions. The research team discovered that the amount of splitting doubles before a larger, more explosive eruption, indicating a useful relationship between the parameter and the size of the eruption.
Scientists analyzed lava flows and tracked displacement over thousands of years to understand continental deformation. The study found the Tuz Gölü Fault Zone is slowly pulling apart, providing insights into tectonic plate collisions.
Researchers from China, UK, and USA collaborated to study Uturuncu volcano's 'zombie' behavior, finding that movement of liquid and gas beneath the crater is the cause of unrest. The risk of an imminent eruption is considered low, alleviating fears for local populations.