Articles tagged with Insulin
Aging human pancreatic beta cells display features of senescence but maintain elevated levels of genes crucial for function and exhibit an ability to release insulin in response to glucose. This sheds light on the potential role of aging beta cells in immune regulation and their relevance to autoimmune reactions in type 1 diabetes.
Research finds insulin levels correlate with triglycerides, ApoB, non-HDL cholesterol, and free cholesterol in women with atherosclerotic coronary disease. The study suggests these laboratory-associated flags indicate early coronary atherosclerosis in both diabetic and non-diabetic women.
Researchers have developed an AI algorithm that can track protein clumping under the microscope in real-time, revolutionizing the study of neurodegenerative disorders. The tool helps identify key characteristics of clumped proteins, which can lead to new therapies.
Researchers at the State University of Campinas found that daily consumption of jaboticaba peel improved glucose metabolism even after meals. The study showed lower post-prandial glycemia and less inflammation in volunteers with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Researchers are exploring the connection between high-fat diets and Type 2 diabetes, with a focus on the REDD1 protein in heart cells. Insulin resistance in heart cells doubles the risk of heart failure and death, highlighting the need for new treatments for diabetic heart disease.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer in women with obesity, particularly those with high blood insulin levels. The results show a 32% lower risk overall and a 52% lower risk for women with high insulin levels at the start of the study.
Researchers found that men with obesity have increased adipose tissue insulin resistance and higher levels of free fatty acids in the blood. This may partly explain why type 2 diabetes is more common in men. The study suggests that sex differences in adipose tissue insulin sensitivity could be a key factor in this disparity.
A new study from Washington State University found that just a few days on a night shift schedule can disrupt protein rhythms related to blood glucose regulation and energy metabolism. This dysregulation may lead to chronic metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
Researchers have discovered a repurposed cancer drug that can convert acinar cells into insulin-producing cells, which could provide a new avenue for treating diabetes. The treatment partially improved hyperglycemia and persisted without additional treatment in diabetic mice and non-human primates.
An experimental monoclonal antibody drug called mAb43 appears to prevent and reverse the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes in mice, lengthening their lifespan. The drug targets insulin-making beta cells directly and shields them from immune system attacks, raising the possibility of a new treatment for the autoimmune condition.
Adults with type 1 diabetes who use modern hybrid insulin pumps experience significant improvements in blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of organ damage by up to three hours per day. The treatment also reduces the time spent with low blood sugar levels and is associated with high patient satisfaction.
Scientists at University of California San Diego discover how one TZD drug works and replicate its benefits in mice without side effects. Researchers identify specific microRNA responsible for beneficial metabolic effects, paving the way for potential new therapies for type 2 diabetes.
A new study found that increased childhood sedentary time is associated with higher blood insulin concentration and a greater risk of excess insulin and insulin resistance. Light physical activity was shown to reduce the risk of excess insulin by 20%, while moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had a smaller effect.
State policies on insulin copayment caps showed no increase in insulin use but reduced OOP costs, particularly for high-deductible health plans with HSAs. Insulin users benefited from cost savings, but higher-income users experienced larger decreases in OOP costs.
A study found that an annual vaccination campaign with a second dose for children under 2 years old and individuals aged 50 and over can significantly reduce hospitalizations, deaths, and healthcare spending. The optimal timing for the second vaccination is delivering it 5 months after initial vaccination.
A comparative study of four major type 2 diabetes medications reveals differences in medication acceptance, quality of life, insulin secretion, and mortality. The GRADE Study found that younger age and higher blood sugar levels at baseline were associated with poor blood sugar control over time.
A new study evaluates the use of tirzepatide in overweight/obese adults with type 1 diabetes, showing significant weight loss and improved glucose control. Tirzepatide also reduces insulin dose and increases time-in-range on continuous glucose monitoring.
In nerve cells, insulin facilitates the elimination of defective mitochondria when energy is available. However, during energy scarcity or disrupted insulin signaling, mitochondrial recycling is reduced, allowing potentially damaged power plants to continue operating. This process affects ageing processes and neurological diseases.
A recent literature review discusses the underlying mechanisms of type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance and b-cell failure. The review also explores potential therapeutic strategies, such as replenishing and regenerating b-cells, pancreas transplants, and stem cell-derived b-cells.
Researchers at Rice University have found a way to modify blood-glucose sensors to detect the anticancer drug afimoxifene. The breakthrough technology could enable the creation of universally applicable automated dosing systems for virtually any drug.
Researchers have successfully created a transgenic cow capable of producing human insulin in its milk. This breakthrough could lead to the mass production of insulin without the need for complex facilities or infrastructure. With further testing and FDA approval, this technology has the potential to revolutionize insulin production and...
A novel approach estimates metabolic activity and infers blood glucose levels from near-infrared measurements in commercial smartphones and smartwatches. The phase delay between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin signals closely relates to oxygen consumption during cardiac cycles, serving as a gauge for metabolism.
A recent study found that many people with type 2 diabetes know little about their condition, highlighting the need to improve communication and disease knowledge. The study revealed significant gaps in knowledge, particularly regarding blood sugar monitoring and late-stage complications like ketoacidosis.
A new study from Uppsala University found that adults who sleep only three to five hours a day are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Chronic sleep deprivation cannot be compensated by healthy eating alone.
A Boston College biologist is studying the mechanisms of viral insulins to develop novel therapeutics for a range of human diseases, including cancers. The researcher has identified six viruses that mimic human insulin and IGF-1, which can block an important receptor, leading to potential affordable treatments.
A new RAND report finds that US insulin prices are more than nine times higher than in 33 high-income countries. After accounting for rebates and discounts, US net prices remained 2.3 times higher. The study updates earlier findings on US insulin prices and highlights the need for policy changes to address these disparities.
Researchers have developed a new oral insulin medicine that uses nano-carriers to protect insulin from stomach acid, allowing for precise delivery to the liver and reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. This innovation has been successfully tested on baboons, mice, and rats with diabetes, paving the way for human trials starting in 2025.
Researchers identified a significant decrease in insulin-producing beta cells with increasing age, correlating with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias. The study suggests that islet cell loss may be a key driver of senile diabetes, informing potential preventative treatments.
Researchers discovered that fruit bats have a genetic system controlling blood sugar levels, allowing them to consume up to twice their body weight in sugary fruit daily. The study's findings may lead to the development of better insulin- or sugar-sensing therapies for people with diabetes.
A recent study by the Hebrew University proposes a new etiology for early stages of type 1 diabetes, attributing it to disrupted RNA editing within pancreatic beta cells. This perspective challenges long-held beliefs about viral involvement, suggesting potential implications for treatments and cures.
A moderate low-carbohydrate diet has been shown to lower average blood sugar levels and increase time spent within the target glucose range without adverse effects. Participants experienced improved glucose control and felt more satisfied with the new diet.
A Northwestern University study found that nearly two-thirds of patients discontinue or change their medication within a year, highlighting the need for better understanding of barriers to treatment adherence. The high discontinuation rate for GLP-1 RAs may be due to gastrointestinal side effects.
Using metformin plus insulin to treat preexisting type 2 or gestational diabetes diagnosed early in pregnancy did not show a reduction in composite neonatal adverse outcomes. The study suggests that the effect of reducing large-for-gestational-age infant risk after adding metformin to insulin warrants further investigation.
A new study found no increased risk of major congenital malformations in infants exposed to second-line non-insulin antidiabetic medications during pregnancy compared to those treated with insulin. The study examined over 3.5 million pregnancies and provided reassurance on the safety of these medications for fetuses.
A world-first human trial shows that a commonly prescribed rheumatoid arthritis drug can safely and effectively preserve the body's own insulin production and suppress the progression of type 1 diabetes. The drug, baricitinib, was found to be effective in maintaining insulin production in people who initiated treatment within 100 days ...
Researchers from Cornell and University of Alberta have developed an under-the-skin implant that can secrete insulin without immunosuppression. The approach offers an easier alternative to traditional transplants or insulin injections, with the potential for long-term management of Type I diabetes.
Researchers at the University of Alberta and Cornell University have developed a device that can secrete insulin under the skin, improving cell survival and diabetes reversal in mice. The innovative approach called SHEATH avoids immunosuppression, making transplants safer for patients with type 1 diabetes.
Researchers at Tohoku University successfully regenerated pancreatic beta-cells in mice by stimulating autonomic vagal nerves connected to the pancreas. This innovative approach improved insulin function and increased beta-cell numbers, ameliorating diabetes symptoms.
In a significant breakthrough, research revealed that macrophages 'eat' pancreatic beta cells to regulate insulin levels after pregnancy. This process helps maintain normal blood glucose levels.
A new clinical trial has shown that a stem cell-based device can reduce the amount of insulin required for some participants with Type 1 diabetes. The device, developed by ViaCyte, aims to replace the insulin-producing beta cells that people with the condition lack.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba discovered a novel pathway where pancreatic beta-cells undergo dedifferentiation and differentiate into acinar-like cells, contributing to insulin secretory capacity reduction. The study also identified Anxa10 as a key gene upregulated in pancreatic beta-cells during diabetes onset.
Researchers analyzed FDA and patent records to find that manufacturers extended market exclusivity by filing additional patents after FDA approval and obtaining patents on delivery devices. This resulted in a median of 16 years of protection, surpassing other top-selling small-molecule drugs.
Researchers discovered that individuals with obesity expel more energy at night compared to those with a healthy weight. During the day, people with obesity have higher insulin levels, indicating their body is working harder to process glucose.
A drug currently in clinical trials as a cancer therapy can also stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin, revealing a new mechanism for insulin regulation in type 2 diabetes. The preclinical discovery provides a new chemical tool for probing the biology of diabetes and could lead to better treatments.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have created a new process to produce insulin-producing pancreatic cells from patient stem cells, achieving a 90% success rate. The breakthrough could lead to injection-free glucose control in people with diabetes and eliminate the need for anti-rejection drugs.
A new Cochrane review has found that human insulin can be stored at room temperature for up to six months without losing potency. This breakthrough research offers hope to millions of people living with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries, particularly those with limited access to refrigeration or healthcare.
Researchers at University of British Columbia find a direct link between high insulin levels and pancreatic cancer, highlighting the importance of keeping insulin levels within a healthy range. The study suggests that excessive insulin overstimulates pancreatic acinar cells, leading to inflammation and precancerous cell development.
A new phase 3 clinical trial found that once-weekly basal injection of icodec to treat type 1 diabetes showed non-inferiority to daily insulin degludec in reducing HbA1C levels. However, higher rates of hypoglycaemic episodes were noted in the icodec group.
A new study published in the University of East Anglia shows that automated insulin delivery technology can help pregnant women with type 1 diabetes better manage their blood sugars. The technology, known as Hybrid Closed-Loop or Artificial Pancreas, helps to substantially reduce maternal blood sugars throughout pregnancy.
A new study found that hybrid closed-loop technology significantly improved maternal blood sugars in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Women who used the technology spent more time within the target range for pregnancy blood sugar levels, gained less weight, and had fewer complications.
Research reveals that faster placental growth increases the risk of preeclampsia and shorter pregnancy duration. Genetic variations affecting placental size also influence baby weight and mother's health.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that hybrid closed-loop technology improved maternal blood sugars during pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes. The technology, which adjusts insulin doses every 10-12 minutes, helped reduce maternal blood sugar levels and weight gain, while also improving baby health outcomes.
A new clinical trial has found that administering metformin to pregnant women with gestational diabetes does not increase adverse neonatal outcomes or maternal health risks. The study provides hope for expectant mothers and healthcare providers seeking a safe alternative to traditional insulin-based treatments.
A randomized clinical trial found that early metformin treatment did not improve insulin initiation or fasting glucose levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Further investigation into larger trials is warranted based on prespecified secondary outcome data.
A phase 1/2 study shows that a stem cell-derived islet therapy has improved blood sugar control in all six adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Three patients achieved insulin independence and showed sustained improvements in blood glucose levels.
Research suggests that universal screening for type 1 diabetes at two ages could predict most cases of T1D by age 15. Dr. Emily K. Sims emphasizes the importance of identifying individuals with early, presymptomatic stages of disease to prevent life-threatening episodes and improve outcomes.
A study of over 1 million Swedish men found that high blood pressure at age 18 was associated with a higher risk of major cardiovascular events, including heart failure, heart attacks, and strokes. Early intervention for hypertension may be critical to reducing later cardiovascular events.
Researchers developed a computational model to analyze glucose-responsive insulin (GRI) performance in human patients. The model predicted that differences in sugar receptor behavior between humans and lab animals led to the drug's poor effect in clinical trials. This breakthrough helps researchers design better GRIs, potentially reduc...
Researchers have designed an implantable device that carries hundreds of thousands of insulin-producing islet cells and has its own on-board oxygen factory, generating oxygen by splitting water vapor. The device was tested in diabetic mice and maintained normal blood glucose levels for at least a month.
A recent study published in the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology found that HbA1c levels are markedly higher in young black youth compared to whites with type 1 diabetes. This disparity can lead to increased risk of hypoglycemia and long-term complications if primarily used for insulin management.