Articles tagged with Brain Development
Research finds infants with sensorineural hearing loss lack normal left-hemisphere language specialization. Early auditory stimulation and language exposure can help preserve brain development.
Researchers have discovered that Batten disease progression varies by sex and age, with male mice showing early auditory problems that improve with age, while female mice experience persistent difficulties. The study provides a new model for tracking brain function over time and testing treatments for this devastating disease.
Researchers created a multidimensional molecular map of brain development after birth and its response to inflammation, finding that some developmental programmes can be reactivated during neuroinflammation. This study provides new clues for understanding how myelin is broken down in diseases like MS.
Researchers have created detailed maps of the mammalian brain's developmental stages, shedding light on how brain cells form and mature. The findings provide valuable insights into the critical periods that may help diagnose and treat neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and ADHD.
Researchers have developed a new large-scale brain data resource that integrates data from five studies of brain development in children and young adults across three continents. The Reproducible Brain Charts (RBC) project provides a harmonized dataset for tracking changes in brain structure and function, allowing researchers to better...
A new study from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem reveals that early sound exposure significantly affects brain activity and emotional preferences in mice. Male mice develop strong behavioral changes when exposed to Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 or silence, while female mice show varied preferences.
A high-resolution growth chart of the mouse brain has been created to study key brain cell types and their changes during development. The atlas reveals a dynamic sequence of brain growth and maturation in response to genetics and external stimuli, with implications for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.
A new study reveals how prenatal alcohol exposure impairs key brain cells and circuits, leading to cognitive inflexibility and increased risk of compulsive alcohol use. Researchers identified a specific brain cell affected by early alcohol exposure, providing a clear target for developing more effective treatments of FASD.
A new study by MIT neuroscientists reveals that circular RNA, specifically circHomer1, strongly influences how neurons build circuit connections during visual system development. Knocking out circHomer1 prevents synapse maturation and delays expected neural adjustments in response to monocular deprivation.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute have revealed a fundamental model for how neural activity during development builds properly working connections. Neural activity plays a crucial role in maturing synaptic active zones, allowing them to send the right amount of chemical signals at the right times.
A new study found that healthy habits such as optimism, good sleep, and social support are strongly linked to healthier brains. Study participants who reported the most protective factors had brains eight years younger than their chronological age, and their brains aged more slowly over time.
The data release from the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study offers a detailed look at human brain development in early childhood. The comprehensive data includes information on prenatal health, social and environmental determinants of health, and wearable biosensor data.
Scientists at UCSF successfully used CRISPRa to increase SCN2A levels in mice with the genetic disorder, resulting in reduced seizures and improved brain function. The therapy offers hope for treating neurodevelopmental issues related to SCN2A haploinsufficiency.
Scientists have discovered key circuit changes that lead to the maturation of reliable brain activity patterns in response to visual experience. The findings suggest that the brain develops a modular organization, with patches of neurons activating together in response to specific features, allowing for efficient learning and adaptation.
The study reveals that enzymes KDM1A and KDM5C collaborate to prevent neurons from activating inappropriate genes, ensuring their proper function. This discovery opens new avenues to understand the origin of neurological disorders associated with intellectual disability.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open found that toddlers in the US experienced slightly fewer emotional and behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research, which analyzed data from over 3,000 children, suggests that some toddlers may have shown resilience during this time.
Researchers found neglected children had abnormalities in critical brain regions, including right corticospinal tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus, linked to behavioral difficulties. These findings provide objective markers for identifying children affected by neglect.
Researchers have discovered that microglia, the brain's immune cells, play a key role in how the brain adapts during adolescence. This understanding may transform how neurodevelopmental disorders are treated during this window and possibly into adulthood. The study also found that microglial contact with axons increases dopaminergic ci...
Most Channel Islands foxes developed larger brains to adapt to survival demands in isolated conditions, defying the assumption that island animals have smaller brains. Brain size appeared to be shaped more by local habitat conditions than isolation or island size alone.
A recent study by researchers at The University of Osaka discovered the crucial role of DNA repair enzyme Polβ in safeguarding the developing brain from harmful mutations. Accumulation of indel mutations near CpG sites may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Researchers found that maternal obesity prior to pregnancy can program long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories in children through epigenetic alterations. This led to autistic-like behaviors in male mice, correlating with altered gene regulation in the cortex and hippocampus.
A new study by Simon Fraser University researchers has identified a critical period in early childhood as a key indicator of future attention difficulties. The research found that children who exhibit organized brain networks similar to social connections have better attention skills.
A new study by the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort suggests that higher vitamin D levels during pregnancy may be associated with better cognitive test scores in children. Children of Black mothers, in particular, showed strongest association between vitamin D and cognitive development.
A recent study by Florida Atlantic University found that US adolescents with cannabis use disorder have low treatment completion rates, ranging from 34.2% to 33.8%. The most common reasons for not completing treatment were dropping out, transferring facilities, and being terminated. Adolescents who began using cannabis at a younger age...
A Rutgers-led study reveals that the brain protein cypin helps maintain strong connections between brain cells essential for learning and memory. The discovery has profound implications for treating traumatic brain injuries and diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
A research team led by Virginia Tech's Fralin Biomedical Research Institute is working on a technique that uses focused ultrasound to deliver creatine directly to the brain. This method aims to restore normal brain mass in models of creatine deficiency, which can impair brain development and lead to severe cognitive challenges.
Dr. Xuyu Qian's pioneering research using MERFISH technology created an unprecedented developmental atlas of the human cerebral cortex, analyzing over 18 million single cells. His work aims to identify mechanisms disrupted in conditions like malformations and autism spectrum disorder.
Researchers found that inhibitory neurons born later in brain development mature faster than those produced earlier, ensuring a balanced neural network. This regulation is controlled by genetic mechanisms and may contribute to developmental disorders.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that neurons in mice brain rewire and refine their connections to integrate visual signals from both eyes over a 10-day period. The researchers found that only 40% of the initial synapses survived, with 24% added and 27% removed, indicating an extensive process of synaptic turnover.
Early life exposure to perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) may increase anxiety-related behaviors and memory deficits in male mice. Researchers found that males exposed to higher doses of PFHxA showed mild developmental changes, including decreased activity levels and increased anxiety-like behaviors.
Researchers found that rats with shorter second digits exhibit stronger sexual behavior, including a preference for female scent and frequent ejaculations. This study reveals the impact of fetal hormone exposure on brain development and highlights the link between body and mind.
A study in mice reveals that only 40% of synapses survive during critical development, with active spines more likely to endure. Clustering of spines also emerges, allowing them to combine activity and enhance visual processing.
Researchers found that co-exposure to bisphenol A and retinoic acid disrupts neurodevelopmental gene signaling, leading to brain abnormalities. The study suggests a potential link between chemical exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
A new study found that babies are born with the ability to sense physical pain but lack the cognitive understanding of it. The research, led by UCL researchers, used brain imaging data from infants and adults to map the development of pain-processing networks in the brain.
Bioengineering researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences developed a soft, thin, stretchable bioelectronic device that can be implanted into a tadpole embryo's neural plate, recording electrical activity from single brain cells with millisecond precision.
Researchers have discovered that the brain uses separate synaptic transmission sites to regulate spontaneous and evoked activity, a process essential for learning, memory, and mental health. This dual system enables the brain to maintain stability while adapting and learning.
Researchers found that greenspace exposure is associated with widespread patterns of structural brain development during early adolescence, leading to better academic and mental outcomes. This study highlights the importance of integrating natural environments into urban and educational settings.
As people age, their brain connectivity is disrupted, affecting their ability to form and maintain relationships. This study uses brain scans to show how intrinsic functional connectivity networks mediate the impact of age on sociability.
Salk Institute and UC San Diego researchers captured the first-of-its-kind video of dynein-Lis1 protein interaction, revealing 16 detailed shapes that support designing therapeutics to restore dynein and Lis1 function. The insights gained from this movie will help identify precise locations where drugs can interact with the proteins.
A new study from UC Berkeley reveals that the depth of small grooves on the brain's surface is correlated with increased connectivity between regions involved in reasoning. The researchers found that these tertiary sulci, unique to humans, may help explain individual differences in cognitive performance and serve as diagnostic indicato...
Researchers have identified a four-amino-acid mini-exon in the PTPδ gene that plays a critical role in brain development and behavior. The study found that deleting this mini-exon led to anxiety-like behavior and reduced movement in mice, highlighting its essential role in maintaining synaptic balance.
Researchers at USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences have developed a powerful new method for selectively and reversibly breaking connections between brain cells, targeting specific synapses without harming neurons. The technique, inspired by the brain's own system for recycling proteins, allows for the elimination of eith...
A US study found that teenagers with abdominal obesity have larger brain areas, particularly in the hippocampus and amygdala, which play critical roles in memory, learning, and emotion regulation. This research raises serious concerns about the impact of obesity on brain development and long-term health risks.
Common prescription medications can disrupt sterol biosynthesis, potentially causing developmental disorders. The editorial highlights the need for mandatory sterol biosynthesis screening in clinical practice.
The Feihe Pediatric Brain Development Research Initiative at Boston Children's Hospital aims to improve brain development through genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. The initiative has awarded funding to seven researchers working on projects related to prenatal and postnatal brain development.
Two studies found concerning levels of phthalates, flame retardants, and UV-filters in bedroom air around children's beds, linked to neurological and reproductive problems. The researchers call for stronger regulations on the use of these chemicals in children's mattresses and recommend parents take actions to reduce exposure.
Researchers discovered a novel mechanosensing mechanism allowing neurons to adjust their movement strategy when navigating confined spaces. Neurons use PIEZO1 protein channel to detect mechanical stress, triggering a signaling cascade that relocates motor proteins and generates contractile forces.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that exposure to phthalates during pregnancy can affect newborns' metabolisms and brain development. The study, led by researchers at Emory University, discovered that these chemicals can cross the placenta and impact baby's biology before birth.
A research group has uncovered a potential mechanism linking maternal inflammation to delayed neurodevelopment in infants. CD11c-positive microglia, crucial for myelination, play a key role in this process.
A new study found that children exposed to higher levels of air pollution have weaker connections between key brain regions, potentially disrupting normal brain network development. The associations persist throughout adolescence, suggesting persistent disruptions in brain function.
Researchers are developing centrally acting catechol Omethyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors to treat cognitive impairment in certain neuropsychiatric disorders. The Lieber Institute's collaboration with Boehringer Ingelheim is exploring novel treatments for these impairments, which affect millions of people worldwide.
Researchers found that lower environmental temperature during pupal development correlates to more synapses and postsynaptic partners in the brain, which affects odor-driven behavior. The study suggests a metabolic theory for brain wiring at different temperatures.
A new study reveals that schizophrenia's complexity is reflected in the individual brain structures of patients, with some experiencing perceptual disturbances and others cognitive impairments. The research suggests a precision medicine approach could tailor therapies to each patient's unique neurobiological profile.
Scientists found that parts of human chromosomes have evolved rapidly to enable complex brain development in humans. However, this acceleration may also lead to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. The study used artificial neurons derived from human and chimpanzee cell lines.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a novel method to measure PTEN gene activity, which is associated with cancer and autism. This breakthrough may lead to personalized therapeutics and earlier disease detection.
Researchers have discovered that commonly prescribed medications can disrupt sterol biosynthesis in developing brains, potentially affecting neural development and function. The study highlights the need for reevaluating medication safety during pregnancy and early childhood.
Researchers found that negative early life experiences can lead to delayed brain development in adolescents, increasing vulnerability to mental health disorders. The study suggests brain connectivity rather than cognitive control behavior is a stronger predictor of future substance use.
Heavy screen use, particularly social media and video games, is associated with an increased risk of developing manic symptoms in U.S. preteens. The study found that prolonged screen time can lead to behaviors characteristic of bipolar-spectrum disorders, including inflated self-esteem, decreased sleep needs, and impulsivity.
A study of 23-year-olds in Europe found over half exhibit restrictive, emotional, or uncontrolled eating behaviors. Structural brain differences play a role in the development of these habits.
A recent study found that childhood maltreatment is associated with specific epigenetic patterns in sperm, which may mediate effects on offspring brain development. The study also reveals changes in sperm DNA methylation and small non-coding RNA molecules in men with high levels of maltreatment.