Articles tagged with Gastrointestinal Tract
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Five IIT researchers receive Proof-of-Concept grants to develop innovative health technologies, including a smart microscope and edible pills. These projects aim to tackle cancer, dyslexia, and diagnostics with cutting-edge technologies like quantum computing and near-infrared photonic chips.
A new study reveals that gut microbiota directly affects intestinal stem cell function, leading to impaired regeneration after injury. Restoring a more youthful microbiota can reverse the age-related decline in ISC activity.
Researchers develop a novel approach to precisely encapsulate individual probiotics into microgels, enhancing survival and targeted delivery in the gastrointestinal system. The study demonstrates improved therapeutic efficacy in treating IBD using this technology.
A new clinical trial, PAGODA, seeks to minimize treatment interruptions and help patients complete their chemotherapy as planned. The trial will test a structured plan to guide doctors in making small, proactive changes to chemotherapy doses to prevent treatment delays.
A study by the Medical University of Vienna found that plastic particles can increase intestinal inflammation and disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to ulcerative colitis. The research shows that MNP exposure triggers a pro-inflammatory immune response and alters the balance of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the gut.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego found that oscillators operating at similar frequencies lock onto each other in succession, creating a staircase effect in the gut. This new mathematical solution answers two longstanding biological questions, shedding light on how food moves through the digestive tract and is churned.
A 52% increase in complicated cases of diverticulitis was found among patients under 50, with a shift towards younger demographics and more aggressive disease presentations. Treatment strategies have evolved, but the exact causes of this trend remain poorly understood.
Researchers developed an ingestible capsule inspired by firefly bioluminescence to diagnose acute mesenteric ischemia, a potentially deadly but often underdiagnosed condition. The capsule generates light after activation by the small intestine's pH, which is transmitted wirelessly to diagnose the condition with 90% accuracy.
Researchers found that Reelin-based therapeutics could help restore the integrity of the gut barrier, reducing inflammation and symptoms of depression. The study suggests a promising new treatment targeting both brain and gut processes.
Researchers found significant causal relationships between gut microbiome characteristics and age-related traits, including ApoM protein levels. The study suggests targeting the gut microbiota may help delay or reduce age-related inflammation and disease.
Researchers developed an acid-resistant hydrogel called ultrastable mucus-inspired hydrogel (UMIH) that improved gastrointestinal wound healing in animal models and outperformed a clinically approved mucosal protectant. UMIH showed 15 times stronger adhesive abilities and remained stable for 7 days in acidic conditions.
A researcher at Kennesaw State University is creating digital twins of the human stomach using advanced medical imaging, biomechanics testing, and computational modeling. This could lead to a better understanding of gastrointestinal disorders and more accurate diagnoses.
A recent study found that human gut evolution is closely tied to the recent surge in gastrointestinal disorders globally. The research team created human and chimpanzee intestinal organoids using stem cells, identifying key genetic differences that may have primed the human intestine for better nutrient absorption.
Researchers have developed a mechanical adhesive device that can attach to soft surfaces underwater, inspired by the hitchhiking sucker fish. The device uses pressure-based suction and has enhanced adhesion capabilities, making it suitable for delivering drugs in the GI tract or monitoring aquatic environments.
Researchers discovered a new pathway to boost immunity against parasitic infections, suggesting that NSAIDs like ibuprofen could be repurposed as anti-parasitic treatments. Gasdermin C plays a crucial role in this process, targeting and penetrating Rab7-positive vesicles to reduce prostaglandin d2 levels.
Researchers at Caltech have created a 'smart capsule' called PillTrek that can measure various biomarkers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, providing real-time profiling. The device is tiny, wireless, and inexpensive, and has the potential to revolutionize diagnosis and monitoring of diseases.
The study found that significant changes in sleep metrics occurred only when inflammation was present in the body, with symptoms alone not resulting in any notable sleep disruption. Sleep disturbances worsened leading up to inflammatory flares and improved afterward, suggesting that sleep changes may signal upcoming disease activity.
This study investigates UGIT involvement in adult Egyptian UC patients, finding significant esophagitis and gastritis. The results demonstrate a strong association between colonic disease severity and UGIT endoscopic and histopathological findings.
Researchers at UCSF found that certain gut bacteria can reduce chemotherapy side effects by clearing excess drugs and producing the protective vitamin K2. Patients with more beneficial bacteria had fewer side effects, suggesting that probiotics may help mitigate chemotherapy's impact.
Dr. Julia Dallman has been awarded a $65,000 grant by the SynGAP Research Fund to screen pro-GI motility compounds for reducing gut transit time in her zebrafish SYNGAP1 model. The project aims to identify therapeutic options that can alleviate severe GI symptoms and improve quality of life for individuals with SYNGAP1-related disorders.
Researchers discovered a set of genes in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum that enable it to stably attach to host tissue, revolutionizing our understanding of microbiome colonization. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of targeted probiotics and improved gut health.
Researchers designed a millimeter-scale mechanism inspired by tapeworms to anchor small medical devices to soft tissues. The device, made of stainless steel and polyimide film, can be used in various medical applications and has potential for affixing sensors to marine organisms.
A comprehensive map of gene expression in the mouse intestine reveals unique regions tightly regulated by the immune system, including a region controlled by immune signals. The findings suggest resilience and adaptability of the intestine to perturbations.
Researchers have created the world's largest freely-available resource of human gut cells, mapping 1.6 million cells to identify new ways to treat disease. The study highlights a specific gut cell type involved in inflammation, potentially leading to new targets for IBD treatment and bowel cancer prevention.
Researchers developed an AI model that uses imaging data to detect less frequent gastrointestinal tract diseases. The model's anomaly detection approach allows it to reliably identify rare diseases without extensive training data.
A team of researchers has developed strategies to identify regulators of intestinal hormone secretion, which could lead to new treatments for metabolic and gut motility disorders. They used human organoids to study the function of 'nutrient sensors' on hormone-producing cells in the gut.
Researchers identified T. immunophila as a key player in breaking down the gut's protective immune barrier, leading to increased susceptibility to pathogens and delayed repair of the gut barrier. The discovery provides a promising new avenue for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's, and ulcerative colitis.
The article discusses current endoscopic treatment approaches for IBD-related complications, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of techniques like EBD and EMR. These methods offer minimally invasive options but require expertise and careful patient selection.
Researchers found that many bacterial strains present in infants at 3 weeks, months, and 12 months originated from the father, not the mother. This discovery highlights the importance of physical and social interactions between newborns and their fathers, as well as with other family members.
Researchers at Rice University have identified genes critical for enteric nervous system development using zebrafish embryos. Opioid signaling pathways are required for the formation of nerves in the gut, contradicting previous assumptions about their role in pain perception and addiction.
A new study by VA researchers found biomarkers of intestinal permeability and signs of bacteria in the blood of military breachers exposed to controlled blasts during training. The findings suggest a direct connection between blast exposure and intestinal problems, including cognitive symptoms.
Research reveals micro- and nanoplastics can persist in the human body for longer than previously thought, being passed on to newly formed cells during cell division. The study also suggests these tiny plastic particles may promote the spread of cancer by increasing tumor migration.
Scientists have created a low-cost imaging device suitable for endoscopic screening programs, offering excellent contrast between healthy and malignant tissue. The new system uses ultraminiature spatial frequency domain imaging technology to detect cancerous lesions with high specificity and sensitivity.
A study of 157,000 participants found that those with recent weight loss were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer within the next 12 months. Cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract was most commonly associated with recent weight loss.
Researchers at UMass Lowell found that anti-inflammatory bacteria were less abundant in people with Parkinson's disease, suggesting a potential biomarker for early diagnosis. A new study on Latinos may also uncover novel biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers used gut organoids to study gut cell differentiation, identifying ZNF800 as a key regulator of enteroendocrine cells. The discovery could have implications for understanding gastrointestinal diseases and endocrine disorders.
A new study reveals that breast milk contains a unique set of antibodies passed from mom to baby, which can vary significantly between mothers. This variability may explain why some infants develop life-threatening diseases like NEC, while others do not.
A new study reveals that pathogenic bacteria fuel their growth by consuming sialic acid, a key component of the protective intestinal mucus layer. The findings suggest a potential treatment target for intestinal bacterial infections and chronic diseases linked to gut bacteria, including IBD and celiac disease.
A new study from the University of Illinois found that following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans promotes a diverse gut microbiota composition. The researchers analyzed data from the American Gut Project and discovered that individuals with higher diet quality had a greater abundance of beneficial bacteria involved in fiber metabo...
A new study has discovered significant variation in the anatomy of the human digestive system, with pronounced differences found between healthy individuals. This finding has implications for understanding the role of digestive tract anatomy in affecting human health and providing potential insights into medical diagnoses.
Alpha-gal syndrome is an allergy caused by lone star tick bites, leading to symptoms like stomach pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Patients with suspected alpha-gal should undergo a blood test to check for immunoglobulin E antibodies, and the main treatment is avoiding foods containing alpha-gal.
Researchers developed a platform for localizing and tracking wireless microdevices in the GI tract, achieving millimeter-scale spatial resolution. The system has potential to revolutionize clinical diagnosis and treatment of GI disorders without invasive procedures or radiation exposure.
A study by researchers at TUM found that gut bacteria play a crucial role in liver regeneration. The microbiome produces short-chain fatty acids, which are essential for liver cell growth and division. In mice treated with antibiotics, liver regeneration was delayed or not possible, but a
Researchers have developed a novel prognostic index to predict survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients. The inflammation-combined prognostic index (ICPI) combines three biomarkers - lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio - to provide a personalized prognosis for each patient.
Engineers create OCTOPUS device to grow organs-in-a-dish, achieving higher levels of maturity than traditional methods. The device allows for more mature organs with complex cell relationships, providing valuable tools for studying human organ development.
A husband-and-wife research team at UC Riverside found a simpler gene network is involved in specifying the gut in nematodes related to Caenorhabditis elegans. The discovery was made possible by the COVID-19 pandemic, which freed up time for the researchers to explore their question of how nematodes develop their gut.
A new study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that nearly 1 in 7 Americans experience bloating on a weekly basis. Women were more than twice as likely as men to report feeling bloated, and lifestyle changes, such as exercise and dietary modifications, can help manage symptoms.
A new study by CHOP researchers found that antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus enhances C. difficile virulence by modulating the gut environment, increasing toxin production and nutrient supply. This interaction supports increased colonization and persistence of C. difficile in the gut.
A new study in The American Journal of Pathology found that inhibiting neuropilin 2 in smooth muscle can enhance contraction and motility of the distal colon. This could provide opportunities to regulate smooth muscle activity in patients with colonic disorders.
Researchers at MedUni Vienna studied Covid-19's impact on lungs and colon, identifying novel biomarkers and treatment strategies. SARS-CoV-2 infections evoke different molecular mechanisms in pulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations.
A new study of over 8 million pregnancies found that pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, and other complications. IBD can also lead to longer hospital stays and increased medical costs.
A world-first study has confirmed the link between Alzheimer's Disease and multiple gut disorders, revealing shared genetic architecture. The study suggests that abnormal cholesterol levels play a key role in both conditions, and may lead to new potential treatments for Alzheimer's and gut disorders.
Researchers identify key enzyme CbrR and cyclic-di-GMP as crucial for Campylobacter jejuni's motility and biofilm formation. By targeting these elements, scientists aim to develop a safe molecule to prevent infection.
Patients who use cannabis require higher levels of sedation during gastric endoscopies than non-users, according to research. Cannabis use is associated with increased odds of requiring higher total sedation during gastroscopy but not colonoscopy.
Patients who use cannabis require more drugs than non-users during gastric endoscopies, according to a study. Researchers found that cannabis use was associated with increased odds of requiring higher sedation levels during gastroscopy but not colonoscopy.
A new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that mice with different gut microbiomes choose different diets, influenced by substances produced by microbes. The researchers suggest that certain molecules, such as tryptophan, may be hijacking the body's natural signals to promote specific food cravings.
Researchers at Penn Medicine have discovered a new approach to treat solid cancers using CDH17CAR T cells, which selectively target and eliminate gastrointestinal (GI) solid tumors like gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers in preclinical models. Unlike other immunotherapies, CDH17CAR T cells do not show toxicity to healthy tissues.
A new device made from silicone and liquid metal, with knotted cords, measures pressure in the digestive tract similar to high-resolution manometry. The invention brings down cost and makes it easier to produce and deploy, offering a cheaper alternative for diagnosing dysmotility disorders.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet used spatial transcriptomics to create a map of gene expression in the mouse colon, gaining new insights into inflammatory bowel disease. The study's findings suggest that the colon is divided into more segments than previously thought and could lead to the development of new treatments.
A team of researchers discovered that chance plays a significant role in the formation of individual gut microbiomes, with genetic, diet, and environmental factors influencing the odds of colonization. The study's findings have major implications for treatments like fecal transplants and probiotics.