Articles tagged with Gender
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in Journal of Adolescent Health found that transgender youth have sex hormone levels consistent with their assigned gender at birth. The research also highlighted the mental health impacts of living with a gender atypical experience, including depression and suicidal ideation.
Research published by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology finds that men may feel threatened by female supervisors, acting more assertively towards them. This could disrupt workplace dynamics, stifle team cohesiveness, and negatively affect team performance if not addressed.
The study examines how US adults rely on friends for expressive, instrumental, and companionate support, with findings suggesting similar numbers of friends across genders and sexual orientations. GLB individuals have similar numbers of friends as heterosexual men and women, and close friendships are linked to overall life satisfaction.
A study found that men who feel they fall short of traditional masculinity ideals may exaggerate characteristics such as height and athletic ability to reassert their manliness. The researchers suggest that this pressure can lead to negative consequences, including aggressive behavior and unrealistic expectations of male roles.
A recent study at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business found no evidence that having a female manager reduces the gender wage gap. In fact, low-performing women who switched to working for a high-performing female supervisor fared worse financially than their male colleagues making a comparable switch.
A new study finds that the lag time between rock uplift and river erosion in the Tibetan Plateau was just 2 million years or so, making them relatively synchronous events. The researchers used fission track dating to determine the timing of these events and shed light on the geological history of the region.
A new study suggests that sleep can modify deeply rooted attitudes, including prejudices of race and gender. By reactivating previously learned associations during slumber, researchers found a reduction in implicit social biases after waking and one week later.
The article examines the link between mass murder and mental illness among perpetrators, who are predominantly men. Dr. Michael Stone discusses how a paranoid personality disorder contributes to this phenomenon and highlights the role of semiautomatic weapons in increasing random mass shootings in the US.
Researchers found that women in online games received less help from fellow players when operating unattractive avatars or male avatars. The study supports the idea that gender and appearance stereotypes follow us into virtual environments.
Research from the University of Southampton found that South African women under 26 years old with more equitable gender views were more likely to have used a condom. This suggests that communication between partners and addressing gender norms are crucial for safer sex, particularly among HIV-positive young women.
A new study from Loyola University Medical Center found that female infants tend to do better than males when born prematurely, achieving independent oral feeding at 36 weeks and four days on average. Researchers also discovered that being born before 29 weeks of pregnancy negatively influences the ability to eat independently.
A study published in American Journal of Public Health found that blacks may not experience the same risk reduction from moderate alcohol consumption as whites. The study analyzed data from over 152,000 adults and found varying risks and benefits among different racial and gender groups.
A new study by Population Council researcher Nicole Haberland found that sexuality and HIV education programs addressing gender and power are more effective than those that do not. The research found that 80% of such programs were associated with a lower rate of STIs or unintended pregnancy, compared to 17% of programs without this con...
Research reveals that men donate more when seeing other men have donated large amounts, especially if the fundraiser is attractive. Men compete to show generosity, while women don't react in a similar way.
A recent study found that e-cigarette use is more common than traditional cigarette use among some teen groups, particularly those aged 11-16, who are also more likely to be smokers. The research suggests that e-cigarettes may have a wider appeal than previously thought, but regular use remains relatively rare.
A new study found that Google image search results for CEO and other professions underrepresented women, affecting perceptions of professionalism and competence. The study suggests that image search algorithms should be changed to counter occupational stereotypes and raise awareness among designers.
Leading cognitive scientists at Carnegie Mellon University question the lack of female contributors in a special issue of the journal Cognition. Despite having 11 women on its faculty roster, only one female author was listed among 19 authors for 12 articles.
A study by UMass Amherst researchers found that teams with a critical mass of women allow them to participate more actively, feel confident, and aspire toward engineering careers. In contrast, teams with equal numbers of men and women or mostly male groups reduced women's worries and anxieties but didn't encourage speaking up.
A recent IU study found that gender stereotypes about women's ability in mathematics negatively impact their performance. However, surprisingly, both men and women incorrectly believe these stereotypes will motivate women to perform better. The research highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing these misperceptions to red...
A recent study found that men have higher levels of function before and after total knee replacement (TKR) surgery compared to women. At five years post-surgery, implant survival was nearly identical between genders, with men having a slightly higher functional score.
A study of police officer killings found that most perpetrators were males using firearms, and only a minority likely suffered from mental illness at the time. The researchers examined factors leading up to and contributing to these murders, providing insights into societal influences on policing.
A longitudinal study found that young drinkers select drinking contexts based on demographics, psychosocial characteristics, and drinking frequency. Over time, certain places become more or less popular among youths, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to address specific groups.
Research reveals distinct patterns of substance use among white, black, and Hispanic teenagers, with notable age-related disparities. Cigarette use peaks later in life for African Americans compared to whites, while alcohol use is higher among males than females during adolescence.
A recent study published in The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine found that intensive mindfulness meditation programs can significantly decrease depressive symptoms. Factors such as age, gender, and spirituality were not found to greatly impact the effectiveness of the training.
A study by Jin Goh and Judith Hall found that men who display benevolent sexism are perceived as more approachable, warmer, and friendlier, while those with hostile sexism are less friendly. The researchers also discovered that men with benevolent sexism use positive emotional words and are more patient, despite appearing harmless.
A new study by Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego confirms the high prevalence of mental health problems among transgender youth. Treatment with puberty blockers and cross-gender hormones improves depression, anxiety, and self-cutting behaviors in most patients.
The New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) has proposed seven strategies to advance women in science, engineering, and medicine, including flexible family care spending and recruiting gender-balanced review committees. The initiatives aim to promote gender equality and break down barriers to advancement in these fields.
The Initiative on Women in Science and Engineering Working Group presents seven strategies to address gender imbalances in STEM fields, including financial support and education initiatives. The working group aims to elevate the entire field and ensure women have equal opportunities for career advancement.
A study of 31 years of data found that men scored higher in narcissism across multiple generations and age groups. The researchers also found that men are more likely to exhibit entitlement and assertiveness, but not vanity or self-absorption.
A UC Santa Barbara study finds that people systematically discount the competence of female entrepreneurs and investment-worthiness of their enterprises, but innovation mitigates this bias. Women-led businesses pitched innovative ideas are rated more competent and worthy of investment than non-innovative counterparts.
New research from the University of Surrey finds significant differences in employment and income levels among older people, depending on gender and health. The study reveals substantial income gaps, particularly for women who care for elderly parents, reducing their future pension income and financial well-being.
A study by Washington State University researchers found that women are more impacted by illness than men, unless multiple symptoms are present. Women with specific personality types, such as high agreeableness or low conscientiousness, may experience less impact from mental illness due to their social networks and coping mechanisms.
A new Northwestern University analysis reveals that the bachelor's-to-Ph.D. pipeline in science and engineering fields no longer leaks more women than men, with women outnumbering men as Ph.D. earners but not in doctoral persistence. Women have overcome potential gender biases to pursue graduate school, closing gaps in representation.
NSF staff and scientists present findings on gender in STEM policy, practice and research, as well as graduate science education and broader impacts of research. The session includes discussions on reducing the gender gap, innovative pathways to science careers and strategies for effective broader impacts work.
A landmark University of Toronto study finds high levels of equality for Muslim women in Canada, contradicting public misconceptions. The research uses data from the 2001 census and shows that second-generation Muslim women are just as active in the workforce as other groups.
A Dutch nationwide study found that male fetuses were at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth, particularly between 28-31 weeks. Additionally, male fetuses were more likely to experience prelabor rupture of membranes between 26-37 weeks, leading to higher neonatal morbidity rates.
A new review of qualitative studies reveals that researchers often overlook social factors influencing gender barriers to cardiac rehabilitation. The study suggests a lack of conceptual clarity about the role of gender in shaping views on heart disease.
A landmark study led by Kristina Olson aims to provide insight for parents and families of transgender children. The initial results found that participants' responses were indistinguishable from those of control groups, suggesting a deeply held gender identity among young trans kids.
A recent study at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology found that both men and women tend to misinterpret each other's social signals. Women reported being misinterpreted as sexually interested approximately 3.5 times a year, while men reported being misinterpreted less often. The results suggest that these miscommunicati...
A recent study with 32 transgender children aged 5-12 found that their gender identity is deeply held and not a result of confusion or pretense. The study used implicit measures to gauge the strength of automatic gender associations, revealing consistent patterns across measures.
A recent study published in American Psychologist found that men and women share over 80% of the same psychological characteristics, including risk-taking, occupational stress, and morality. While there are some differences, these findings suggest that our similarities outweigh our differences.
A new analysis found that women were viewed more frequently and for longer durations - even when blended with men's photos - leading to negative impacts on self-esteem and behavior. The study used eye-tracking technology to measure gaze patterns, revealing objectification theory effects.
According to an international study, girls lead boys in educational achievement globally, especially in reading, mathematics, and science literacy. In 70% of countries studied, girls outperformed boys, with only a few exceptions where high-achieving boys surpassed high-achieving girls.
A study by the University of Texas at Austin and the University of California-Santa Barbara found that most young women and men in the US prefer an egalitarian relationship with shared work and family responsibilities. The research highlights the need for supportive workplace policies to reduce gender inequality.
National Science Foundation (NSF) Director Dr. France A. Córdova will participate in five sessions on science, technology and innovation. Key discussions include gaps in scientific knowledge, global problems, emerging areas, gender equality, and humanity's long-term survival.
A new study suggests that women are underrepresented in academic fields that prioritize brilliance, rather than intellectual ability. Researchers found that a strong emphasis on brilliance among practitioners is the best predictor of women's underrepresentation in these fields.
Researchers suggest that overvalued ideas, often driven by psychopathology, motivate young male offenders to engage in senseless violence. The study, published in Violence and Gender, sheds light on the 'motivating mindset' of attackers like Zehaf-Bibeau, who killed a Canadian military reservist.
A study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin found that some personality traits are more accurately communicated through online avatars than others. Outgoing individuals tend to create avatars that convey their personality, while those high in neuroticism struggle to express themselves accurately. Customizing an avat...
Researchers explore how callous attitudes towards women can lead to forced intercourse, even among males without hostility. The study's findings have significant implications for education programs and identifying subtypes of offenders based on motivation and personality traits.
A review article examines the growth of ISIS, its membership, and the organization's use of violence as a 'brand'. The authors, former FBI Agents, discuss tactics such as recruitment of young men and women, propaganda, and counter-strategies.
A study from Concordia University reveals that male millennials need specific emotional prods to engage with non-profits, unlike female millennials who respond to causes on an emotional level. Marketers must focus on the benefits of supporting a cause to successfully engage millennials in charitable efforts.
Case studies of high-functioning individuals with ASD and gender dysphoria reveal complexities in providing psychotherapy for these patients. Suggested techniques offer hope for helping them explore their gender identities and potentially benefiting from gender transition.
Research by Emily Kaskan and Ivy Ho highlights how American female athletes are objectified and stereotyped in media coverage, influencing their self-esteem and athleticism. The study shows that these microaggressions can lead to psychological stress, impacting hormonal, immune, and cardiovascular systems.
The Lancet highlights that current efforts to prevent violence against women and girls are inadequate, with 1 in 3 women experiencing physical or sexual violence. The series urges policy makers, health practitioners, and donors to take five key actions to address the crisis.
A recent study by Dana Bardolph found that female authors are underrepresented in American archaeology journals, accounting for less than 29% of published articles. The research suggests a pervasive gender bias in academia and publishing, with potential factors including authorial behavior and the submission process.
A University of Illinois study found that combining video and lecture-demonstration training methods significantly narrowed the gender knowledge gap. Video training alone improved women's knowledge scores but did not close the gap between them and men.
A study by the University of Southampton found that women are less likely to apply for economics degrees due to a lack of A-level maths, resulting in an underrepresentation of women in the field. Despite having better grades in maths than male applicants, female students are still less likely to enroll in economics courses.
A new study from the University at Buffalo reveals that males with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report feeling cold and detached in their relationships, while females report more difficulties. The findings highlight the need for gender-based research to better understand how each gender experiences the disease.
A study published in Violence and Gender explores the link between past sexual violence and distress during routine pelvic examinations. Researchers identified physiologic symptoms of trauma associated with distress among female veterans with a history of sexual violence.
A new study found that countries with greater parity in measures of educational equality had more women and men reach the podium at the London 2012 and Sochi 2014 Olympic Games. The researchers suggest that gender stereotypes may limit the number of women and men viewed as potential high-performance athletes.