Articles tagged with Fairness
A new study integrates fair-share considerations into climate models, revealing different pathways to achieve the same global climate outcome. Regions with higher responsibility and capability cut emissions faster domestically, while lower-responsibility regions see net improvements to consumption.
A recent study by Ingvild Almås explores why people worldwide accept or reject inequality, revealing differences between Western and non-Western societies. While global populations tend to accept merit-based fairness, there are significant variations, with non-Western countries like China and India exhibiting a high acceptance of luck-...
Children's sense of fairness becomes increasingly sophisticated as they get older, and they expect rules to be applied impartially and equally to every group member. A fair punishment brings emotional relief to children, whereas unequal treatment provokes strong resistance and undermines their sense of justice.
A recent study analyzing nearly 800,000 fashion images reveals that while representation has broadened, the typical female model body has remained remarkably stable. Diversity is primarily concentrated in a small number of models at the extremes rather than through a shift in the norm itself.
A study of expectant parents in three countries found that long working hours and traditional motherhood cultures hinder gender-equal parenting. Expectant couples identified the need for positive, culturally appropriate coparenting programs to build team spirit and support each other.
Programs promoting equity, diversity, and inclusion initiatives in healthcare institutions are associated with an increased workforce. These programs support a more inclusive and equitable health care culture, according to the systematic review and meta-analysis.
A new study by RMIT University found that protections in place in Europe can help phase out harmful electricity disconnections without destabilizing power markets. The research highlights the need for evidence-led action to extend disconnection prohibitions and strengthen safeguards for vulnerable consumers.
A new study by researchers at TU Graz and the Know Center shows that AI-powered recommender systems can perpetuate unfairness if not designed with human decision-making in mind. The study proposes a multi-stakeholder approach, involving service providers, municipalities, and local residents, to ensure fairness and transparency.
Next Steps: Rebuilding Indigenous Law is a new research initiative that empowers Indigenous communities to renew and rebuild their own legal systems. The project, supported by a $10 million investment, aims to rebuild entire Indigenous legal orders and revitalize traditional legal traditions.
A new study found that when people can tailor their actions to different individuals in their networks, they become significantly more cooperative, trusting, and fair. This contradicts standard experimental setups of cooperation, which underestimate people's prosocial potential.
A new study from the University of Lübeck introduces a 'lottery-first' approach to research grant allocation, increasing female representation by 10% and funded projects led by women by 23%. This method reduces estimated economic costs by two-thirds while maintaining scientific excellence.
A new study by the University of Exeter warns that the current laws turn a 'blind eye' to the long-lasting financial consequences of domestic abuse. The research suggests that the law should be reformed to take into account the financial impacts of abuse when dividing assets, enabling enhanced awards for victim-survivors.
A new research project found that a global sponsorship programme would improve perceptions of refugees in the UK, providing equal rights and entitlements. The existing three main schemes, Community Sponsorship, Homes for Ukraine, and Communities for Afghans, have shown success despite disparities in scale and approach.
A new analysis of the gender pay gap in the UK reveals that women in wealthier households earn 25% less than men, while those in poorer households experience a smaller 4% gap. The study highlights the importance of addressing societal penalties for being female and improving job quality to reduce the pay gap.
A new book introduces a structure that balances efficiency and fairness in optimization models, examining real-world effects of different approaches. It suggests that truly optimal results are fair ones, promoting informed and ethical choices in algorithm-driven world.
A Norwegian University of Science and Technology study published in PLOS One found that extremely low minimum wages and unemployment benefits can discourage people from working. The 'work incentive principle' aims to create a financial advantage for working over receiving benefits, but when both are very low, it loses its effectiveness.
A study by University of Cologne researchers reveals that parenthood is associated with a greater sense of meaning in life, despite lower life satisfaction. The analysis of over 43,000 participants from 30 countries found that people who have children tend to feel their lives carry more value and worth.
Derek Leben's book 'AI Fairness' offers a philosophical framework to evaluate and mitigate biases in AI algorithms. The author argues that principles like autonomy, equal treatment, and equal impact should guide the design of fair AI systems.
A study by Complexity Science Hub found that in 7.54% of DAOs, a single contributor controlled decisions due to concentrated governance tokens. This raises concerns about the true level of democracy in these organizations, which aim to distribute power and promote fairness and transparency.
A new study reveals that China's sell-by-plan mandate, aimed at preventing insider trading, has failed to stop executives from profiting from private information. Executives have found a way to plan their sales far in advance, allowing them to cash out before bad news breaks, undermining market fairness and eroding investor trust.
Researchers found significant disparities in quality of care and outcomes for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Patients with higher social vulnerability indices were less likely to receive guideline-concordant systemic therapy, palliative care, or survive over 12 months.
The AI FORA project analyzed how AI-based social assessment varies across nine countries and four continents, highlighting the need for flexible, dynamic, and adaptive systems that reflect social stakeholders' perspectives. The research aims to improve AI in addressing fairness and discrimination issues in public social services.
Researchers at the University of Navarra present a new prediction methodology to improve fairness and reliability of AI models used in critical decision-making. The methodology optimizes parameters of reliable machine learning models, reducing inequalities related to sensitive attributes.
New research suggests that educating low-knowledge luxury consumers about the appeal of counterfeit goods can help combat the trillion-dollar counterfeit market. Consumers with high subjective knowledge in this domain are less likely to partake in counterfeits, while those with lower knowledge are more drawn to them.
The 'equity by design' framework proposed by Daryl Lim aims to maximize AI benefits while minimizing harm, particularly for underrepresented individuals. The approach embeds equity principles throughout the AI lifecycle, addressing biases and increasing inequality.
A new study by USC Dornsife researchers reveals how Illinois' repeal of the 'pay-to-stay' law, charging inmates for room and board, can inform national reform efforts. The study found that lawmakers used a pragmatic approach to reform, highlighting the importance of data-driven decision making in advancing criminal justice reform.
A new UC Berkeley study analyzed over 60,000 animal observations and found no conclusive evidence of inequity aversion in non-human species. However, the researchers suggest that some animals may exhibit disappointment or social protest when their expectations are not met.
A study of 9,000 US-based participants reveals that they prioritize efficiency over fairness when choosing between human and algorithmic decision-makers. Notably, Republicans prefer humans more than Democrats, yet most claim fairness is a top priority.
Researchers found that female CryptoPunks avatars were sold at a 37% lower price than their male counterparts, while Black CryptoPunks avatars were sold at a 31% lower price than White counterparts. Avatars with features associated with high-tech or higher education countered these disparities.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers reveals that auditors with high honesty-humility scores are more likely to report financial misstatements, while those with low scores do not. This suggests that screening auditors for honesty-humility could enhance monitoring quality and prevent costly oversight failures.
A new study by Penn State researchers suggests that making AI training data diversity information available can shape users' expectations of algorithmic fairness and trust. Displaying racial diversity cues in AI interfaces can enhance users' perceptions of algorithmic fairness and trust, according to the study's findings.
The study evaluated large language models for healthcare applications, highlighting dimensions such as fairness, bias, and toxicity. It emphasizes the need for standardized applications and metrics to ensure real patient care data is considered.
Karimian's research will investigate common hardware-based attacks on biometric systems, including spoofing, template, side-channel, and fault-injection attacks. He also aims to develop a hardware-based biometric template protection system that addresses bias in facial recognition software.
A new study highlights the emergence of 'just transition litigation', challenging climate policies and projects that disproportionately impact vulnerable communities. The phenomenon emphasizes the need for balancing climate action with social justice considerations, particularly for Indigenous Peoples, workers, and local residents.
A study found that direct incentives, such as tax credits and insurance, can increase hiring managers' willingness to hire applicants with prior records. The most effective incentives were a $2,400 tax credit and $25,000 insurance against losses, which worked regardless of conviction type or perceptions about performance.
A new study finds that pollution levels significantly impact households' decision to relocate within the US, with poorer families being priced out of healthier areas. Richer households, on the other hand, opt for cleaner environments, earning more than average in their new communities.
A study of children's conversations with caretakers found that the Care/Harm foundation emerges at a younger age than other moral foundations, appearing in one-year-olds' speech. The study also showed that children tend to discuss fairness while caretakers focus on Purity/Degradation.
New research finds that AI explanations can fuel a perception of fairness without being grounded in accuracy or equity. Humans were more likely to override AI recommendations when explanations highlighted gender rather than task-relevance, but this did not improve decision-making accuracy.
Researchers found that when participants were told their decisions would train an AI bot, they became more likely to seek a fair share of the payout. This behavior persisted even after the experiment ended, suggesting a lasting impact on decision-making.
A mathematical model developed by Chris Zobel and colleagues optimizes resource allocation in urban infrastructure while considering social vulnerabilities and projected sea level rise impacts. The approach prioritizes investments that enhance resilience and mitigate socio-economic disparities, enabling informed decision-making that ba...
Historian Randolph Roth finds that feelings of empowerment, inclusion, and trust in government drive low homicide rates. Successful nation building is crucial, with four factors contributing to this success: political stability, legitimate social hierarchy, fellow feeling, and legitimate government.
A study found that over 60% of participants preferred AI decision-making over humans in redistributing earnings, despite potential discrimination concerns. However, participants were less satisfied with the fairness and accuracy of AI decisions compared to human-made choices.
A research team finds that local community members are indispensable partners in enhancing community engagement in repairing damaged ecosystems. Local values and attitudes play a crucial role in promoting sustainable ecosystem management practices.
Researchers found that AI models that analyze medical images can predict patient demographics with high accuracy but struggle to diagnose patients from diverse backgrounds. The models use demographic shortcuts, leading to incorrect results for women, Black people, and other groups.
A new study reveals that ChatGPT's automated content moderation filters can flag nearly 20% of its own generated scripts for content violations, including half of PG-rated shows. The research raises questions about the efficacy of using AI as a tool in scriptwriting and its potential impact on artistic expression.
A quality improvement analysis found that many US residents live within 30 miles of a clinical trial site, highlighting disparities in access. The study highlights concerns about equity and fairness in healthcare resource distribution, particularly for marginalized communities.
A study found that individuals taking probiotic supplements showed increased sensitivity to fairness and a greater inclination to reject unequal offers. This was accompanied by changes in gut microbiota composition and levels of dopamine precursors. The findings suggest a potential causal mechanism linking gut bacteria to social behavior.
Taking pro- and prebiotics affects levels of altruistic punishment in ultimatum game players. Participants who took supplements were more likely to reject unfair offers, with those having a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio seeing the greatest changes.
A new study found that patients living in the most deprived areas have more severe symptoms and a poorer survival rate than those living in wealthier areas. Additionally, patients farthest from a pulmonary fibrosis centre also had shorter life expectancy.
Researchers at UB have developed a new deepfake detection algorithm that reduces biases in facial recognition, with one method classifying videos based on demographics and the other relying on features not visible to the human eye. The algorithms improved fairness metrics and reduced disparities in accuracy across races and genders.
IIASA researchers propose a conceptual framework to address justice in climate science, synthesizing distributional, procedural, corrective, recognitional, and transitional justice. The framework aims to enhance interdisciplinary understanding and promote awareness of justice considerations in climate policy.
A new study found that senior physicians in cognitive and procedural specialties see fewer Medicaid patients and those from racial/ethnic minorities compared to junior physicians. This raises concerns about a two-tiered healthcare system and disparities in patient access.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Washington found that online dating algorithms exhibit popularity bias, recommending more attractive users over less attractive ones. This bias boosts revenue through increased engagement and matches, but may compromise user satisfaction.
A new study by the University of Exeter found that increasing human input in AI systems improves citizens' acceptance and perception of fairness. Citizens prefer more accurate and cost-effective systems, with human involvement being a key factor in their acceptance.
A global team of scientists emphasizes the need for collaboration between experts in AI, medicine, ethics, and beyond to develop fair models. They argue that focusing on equity rather than complete equality is a more reasonable approach, considering factors like race, gender, and patient preferences.
Researchers call for four major changes to implement and govern SDGs globally, strengthening commitments by high-income countries, adjusting goals to new challenges, making them legally binding, and embedding them in institutions. Stronger global oversight is needed to support these reforms.
A new health system program successfully allocated a life-saving medication to disadvantaged neighborhoods, increasing equitable receipt rates. However, disparities persisted, particularly for Black patients, who received significantly lower rates of the medication compared to white patients.
The International Association of Bioethics has proposed a framework to guide the selection of future conference sites, including those with anti-LGBTQ+ laws. The framework identifies multiple values and principles at stake, aiming to broaden conversation within bioethics about international conferencing ethics.
A new analysis suggests that carbon taxes focusing on luxury consumption can reduce global emissions by 75% and are fairer to low-income households. This policy can account for flexible, nonessential purchases in countries with high-income groups, who may be more equipped to lobby against such a policy.
Researchers from HSE Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience examine the brain's reaction to social norms violations and calculate a behavioral index to assess an individual's sensitivity to unfairness. This index can be used to develop personalized rehabilitation programs for patients with various types of behavioral disorders.