Cell Pathology

Chinese Neurosurgical Journal study updates guidelines for prolactinoma care

A multidisciplinary consensus updates treatment guidance for prolactinomas, emphasizing early recognition, individualized management strategies, and advanced imaging. The recommendations cover screening, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Genetic mapping identifies new hope for bone diseases

Researchers have successfully mapped the cells and genes that regulate bone formation and loss, revealing blood vessel cells play a critical role in bone health. The discovery has the potential to enable the development of new therapies to reverse bone loss and improve treatments for osteoporosis and other skeletal conditions.

Healthy but sedentary individuals show early decline in cellular energy production

A CU Anschutz study reveals reduced mitochondrial efficiency in healthy yet sedentary individuals, which may precede the development of major diseases like cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's. Regular exercise acts as a literal shield for cellular health, helping mitochondria seamlessly switch between burning fat and carbohydrates.

Rice bioengineer wins federal award for Ewing sarcoma research

Researchers seek to understand the biological mechanisms behind Ewing sarcoma's rapid growth and spread, developing new tools to visualize DNA structures and regulate gene expression. This could lead to personalized cancer treatments targeting specific molecules for improved patient outcomes.

Unlocking disease-linked protein changes using AI

Researchers developed RNovA algorithm to identify new PTMs in human cells, expanding capabilities of machine learning in basic biological research. The discovery aims to advance diagnostics and broaden biologists' horizons for cancer and other diseases.

CPRIT invests over $11 million to fuel UH breakthroughs in cancer research

Two new UH CPRIT grants will accelerate lung cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Researchers aim to develop new mRNA-based immunotherapies and a next-generation blood test for precise lung cancer detection.

Alliance digital tool proves effective at keeping patients engaged in trials

A pilot study of the Participant Engagement Portal (PEP) tool shows that 84% of participants had a positive experience, with high usability and satisfaction rates. PEP facilitates two-way communication between patients and clinicians, allowing for self-reporting of social risk factors and future research opportunities.

Heart attacks can dramatically reshape how the brain functions

A new study by the University of Ottawa suggests that a tiny molecule, methylglyoxal, plays a major role in triggering neurological disorders after a heart attack. The molecule accumulates in the brain following a heart attack and is linked to depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline.

New insights into oral cancer without traditional risk factors

Researchers identified four distinct mutational clusters in oral cancers lacking traditional risk factors, with two linked to endogenous processes and unique driver gene mutations. The study suggests a potential role of the oral microbiome in tumor development and highlights opportunities for precision medicine approaches.

Discovery shows how cancer takes hold as cells divide

Researchers have discovered that errors in the final step of cell division can cause dramatic changes in developing brain cells, leading to abnormalities such as multiple nuclei and cilia. The study found that a protein called p53 acts as a guardian of brain development by triggering the self-destruction of abnormal cells.

Severe asthma patients often battle multiple health conditions, study finds

A major new study has found that severe asthma patients are often battling other health conditions, with nearly all suffering from at least one major issue. The study identified three distinct profiles linked to how well asthma is controlled and the treatments needed, offering potential breakthroughs for improving care.

UT MD Anderson shares latest research breakthroughs

New marker aids diagnosis for aggressive prostate cancer

New AI tool developed by Stowers Institute and Helmholtz Munich scientists predicts how cells choose their future — helping uncover hidden drivers of development

Researchers developed RegVelo, an AI framework that models cellular dynamics and gene regulation to predict cellular fate decisions. The model traces developmental trajectories and simulates regulatory interactions, providing insights into hidden drivers of development and potential therapeutic targets.

ERASur colorectal cancer trial reaches one-third patient accrual milestone

The ERASur clinical trial is investigating whether total ablative therapy can improve overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed, limited metastatic colorectal cancer. The study has reached one-third patient accrual milestone, signaling strong momentum.

Artificial intelligence in pathology enables a deeper understanding of cancer

A new AI system, SPARK, enables autonomous scientific discovery in cancer pathology by generating biological hypotheses and translating them into analytical tools. The system identifies clinically relevant tissue markers linked to disease course, treatment response, and tumour progression.

Trial now enrolling seeks to answer key question: Does adding chemotherapy to hormone therapy improve survival for metastatic prostate cancer?

The ASPIRE trial aims to enroll 1,200 participants with advanced prostate cancer and assess the impact of chemotherapy on overall survival and disease progression. Genetic profiling is included to identify patients who benefit most from intensified treatment.

Some cancer drugs disrupt taste by changing the cells inside taste buds, study shows

Researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz discovered that cancer drugs impact a specific protein regulating taste buds. This finding could lead to new treatments preserving taste function in cancer patients.

Exosomal miR-122-3p identified as key driver of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

A study identified exosomal microRNA-122-3p as a key driver of MASLD pathogenesis. Elevated miR-122-3p levels induced triglyceride accumulation and reactive oxygen species production in liver cells.

Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology highlights new and open colorectal cancer trials in March

The Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology is spotlighting new trials for colorectal cancer in March, focusing on early detection methods and treatments for treatment delays and loss of appetite. The trials aim to improve patient outcomes, with several enrolling patients with newly diagnosed colon or rectal cancer.

LOXL2 enzyme discovery offers new hope for jaw arthritis

Researchers have discovered the protective role of LOXL2 protein in preventing cartilage damage and inflammation in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. The enzyme helps suppress inflammatory pathways, reducing cell death and preserving cartilage viability even under inflammatory conditions.

New trial seeks to improve sharing of genetic colorectal cancer risks

A new clinical study aims to improve communication between patients and families about genetic risks of colorectal cancer. The trial will compare two methods of sharing genetic test results with close relatives, with the goal of learning which approach helps more family members get necessary genetic testing.

Yes! The role of YAP and CTGF as potential therapeutic targets for preventing severe liver disease

A study from The University of Osaka reveals a molecular pathway connecting liver congestion to liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and liver tumorigenesis. Researchers identified increased activity of YAP and CTGF in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells as key molecules involved in this signaling pathway.

UH researcher joins $3.2 million effort to develop promising new breast cancer treatment

Researchers are developing a new compound that can break down MDM2, a cancer-driving protein often found in triple-negative breast cancer, showing promise in shrinking tumors. The goal is to create an entirely new class of therapies for this aggressive and difficult-to-treat form of the disease.

Critical crosstalk between blood vessels and immune system, showing shared pathways in major diseases

The review outlines how vascular-immune crosstalk affects various diseases, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities. It highlights the shared embryonic origin of blood vessel cells and immune cells, as well as coordinated immune cell trafficking mechanisms.

Mount Sinai scientists uncover link between influenza and heart disease

The study found that a novel subset of white blood cells becomes infected in the lung and produces type 1 interferon, which triggers cardiac damage. A modified mRNA treatment was shown to mitigate cardiac damage while preserving the immune system's protective response. The research offers great promise for developing new therapies to p...

Pancreatic cancer cell atlas highlights why many promising treatments fail

A new study reveals that the surrounding microenvironment plays a crucial role in driving basal cell development, leading to treatment failure. The study also discovers intermediate tumor subtypes that could lead to new therapeutic strategies.

Research findings may lead to earlier diagnoses of genetic disorder

Virginia Tech researchers identified a malformed area in the corpus callosum and pattern of bad connections that may help doctors diagnose Leigh syndrome earlier. The study found that developmental defects can be seen before symptoms appear, suggesting potential for earlier intervention.

Novel liquid biopsy technology lowers barriers for more efficient cancer diagnostics

A new liquid biopsy technology, Bridge Capture, has been developed to overcome the challenges of sensitive and cost-efficient cancer diagnostics. It detects rare variant allele frequencies with superior sensitivity compared to existing methods.

UH pharmacy researcher receives $900,000 CPRIT grant to develop nanodrug that boosts immune system to fight cancer

A new nanodrug called Nano-273 could offer improved survival for patients with pancreatic and lung cancers by activating the immune system and blocking tumor growth. The drug, developed by University of Houston researcher Wei Gao, has shown promising results in early studies.

University of Houston researchers identify new target to counteract muscle wasting in pancreatic cancer

Researchers at the University of Houston have discovered a potential therapeutic strategy for counteracting muscle wasting in pancreatic cancer by blocking a specific cell pathway. Muscle wasting, also known as cachexia, is a debilitating syndrome affecting 60-85% of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Researchers discover bias in AI models that analyze pathology samples

A new study led by Harvard Medical School researchers found that AI models analyzing pathology samples can infer demographic information, leading to biased diagnoses. The team developed a framework called FAIR-Path to reduce bias in these models, which showed improved performance across demographics.

Study explores why some drug therapies are ineffective for brain tumor patients

Researchers at the University of Plymouth investigate why drugs used to treat other tumours are ineffective against NF2-related schwannoma and meningioma tumours. They explore repurposing clinically tested cancer drugs to target MDR mechanisms, which may lead to effective therapies for patients with these tumours.

New gene-mapping method unlocks hidden drivers of cancer

Researchers have developed an AI-driven method to uncover genetic interactions driving cancer progression. The approach highlights complex interplay between genes allowing malignant cells to gain momentum and reveals previously hidden cancer drivers.

From lab to clinic: CU Anschutz launches Phase 1 clinical trial of promising combination therapy for resistant ovarian cancer

Researchers at CU Anschutz have discovered a novel therapy combination to offer new hope to ovarian cancer patients who do not respond to existing treatments. The combination of a PARP inhibitor and SM08502 boosts the effectiveness of treatment, even for patients resistant to PARP inhibitors.

Scientists uncover new on-switch for pain signaling pathway that could lead to safer treatment and relief

Researchers at Tulane University discovered a new nerve cell signaling mechanism that can turn on pain signaling after injury, potentially leading to safer treatments. The discovery of enzyme vertebrate lonesome kinase (VLK) offers a new way to influence cell behavior and could simplify drug development.

Myths about rapid spread of the Black Death influenced by single “literary tale”, experts show

Researchers find a fourteenth-century Arabic poem misinterpreted as factual account of plague's movement, influenced myths of its quick spread across Asia. The study highlights the importance of maqāmas in understanding how communities coped with catastrophic events like the Black Death.

Linking lactate metabolism to muscle GDF15 release during mitochondrial stress

Researchers have uncovered a novel mechanism linking lactate metabolism to muscle Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) release during mitochondrial stress, providing a potential therapeutic target for mitochondrial myopathy. Elevated lactate production and histone lactylation activate GDF15 gene expression.

Scientists uncover new driver of ovarian cancer spread

Scientists have identified a new biomarker, F2R, which could improve ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment. Elevated F2R levels are associated with shorter life spans, making it a valuable prognostic indicator.

Cancer progression illuminated by new multi-omics tool

A new multi-omics tool, GoT-Multi, has enabled researchers to gain insights into how cancers evolve towards greater aggressiveness and therapy resistance. The tool can analyze diverse types of pathology samples and quickly process large numbers of cells, revealing new details about cancer progression.

Fatty acids feed cancer-promoting bacteria: How chronic cellular stress alters the gut microbiome

Researchers identified a cellular mechanism that alters the gut microbiome in a way that promotes cancer. Long-chain fatty acids serve as food for certain bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis, which multiply and displace other microbes.

Tuberculosis vulnerability of people with HIV: a viral protein implicated

A study by the CNRS-led research team highlights the key role of Tat, a viral protein that blocks autophagy, promoting Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival and multiplication. Restoring autophagy mechanism could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for better protection against tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients.

Cells usually viewed as menders may harm the heart

Researchers found that shutting down a signaling pathway in fibroblasts restored heart functioning in lab models. The study suggests that targeting fibroblasts may be essential to treat dilated cardiomyopathy, a leading cause of heart failure.

A stunning first look at the viruses inside us

Researchers mapped the surface envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retroviruses, opening doors to new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. The study revealed specific antibodies that target the viral proteins, potentially leading to new cancer immunotherapies and treatments for autoimmune diseases.

Study raises red flags about BPA replacements

Researchers found that chemicals used to replace BPA can disrupt human ovarian cell function and change gene expression. The study calls for further investigation into the safety of these alternatives, which are not regulated or routinely tested.

Mount Sinai scientists create AI-powered tool to improve cancer tissue analysis

MARQO automates whole-slide image processing across multiple staining technologies, extracting detailed cellular and spatial information from tumor tissue slides. This enables faster and more accurate analysis of cancer tissues, paving the way for personalized treatments.

AI can find cancer pathologists miss

Researchers at Uppsala University have developed an AI system that can detect subtle tissue changes indicative of prostate cancer, missing it from human pathologists. The study found the AI detected cancers in over 80% of cases where pathologists missed them.

UMass Amherst kinesiologist receives $2 million ‘outstanding researcher’ award from NIH

A UMass Amherst kinesiologist has received a $2 million NIH grant to study how myosin molecules work together to drive different processes within cells. His research aims to develop drugs for heart failure, neurological conditions and genetic forms of deafness.

CHEST releases guideline on management of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

The American College of Chest Physicians has released a clinical guideline on the management of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for primary treatment and outlines three flowchart graphs outlining the recommended course of treatment based on patient risk. These ...

Oxidative stress may suppress cancer onset in individuals with BRCA2 gene variants

Researchers found that oxidative stress actually suppressed cancer development in rats with BRCA2 gene mutations, contrary to prior expectations. This discovery suggests that avoiding radiation exposure may not be the best method for people with BRCA2 pathological variants.

Targeting the “undruggable”: New molecular degraders offer hope for aggressive breast cancer

A team from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem has developed innovative druglike molecules capable of degrading HuR, a key RNA-binding protein that stabilizes oncogenes and fuels cancer progression. These molecular degraders improve anticancer properties by up to 3-4 orders of magnitude compared to traditional HuR-binding molecules.

Bronchoscopic lung-biopsy techniques match percutaneous approaches for comprehensive biomarker testing with fewer complications, new guideline concludes

A multidisciplinary guideline panel has determined that guided-bronchoscopy sampling provides tissue of comparable adequacy to percutaneous biopsy for comprehensive biomarker testing, while delivering a superior safety profile. Modern navigational bronchoscopy offers a safer path to molecular insights in lung cancer care.

Unlocking the mystery behind Barrett’s esophagus

A study by Baylor College of Medicine reveals that altered genes SOX2 and CDX2 drive Barrett's esophagus formation. The team created organoids from patient tissue, showing that the balance between these genes determines cell identity. This new understanding supports earlier intervention and diagnosis for this potentially deadly cancer.

Timepoint at which developing B-cells become cancerous impacts leukemia treatment

The study found that the stage of normal cell development at which B cells transform into leukemic cells impacts treatment outcomes for pediatric patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Researchers identified a 'multipotency score' to predict clinical outcomes, providing valuable insights into drug resistance and str...

Newly discovered cancer cell energy pathway blocked with natural substance

Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University discovered a new way to block cancer cell energy production by suppressing de novo fatty acid synthesis with ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. This natural substance inhibits ATP production, leading to increased glycolysis as a possible survival mechanism in tumor cells.

KAIST develops virtual staining technology for 3D histopathology​

A collaborative research team led by KAIST has developed a groundbreaking technology that uses advanced optical techniques combined with an AI-based deep learning algorithm to create realistic 3D images of cancer tissue. This breakthrough paves the way for next-generation non-invasive pathological diagnosis.

University of Houston awarded $3M to launch cancer biomarker facility for immunotherapy research

The University of Houston has launched a $3M Cancer Immunotherapy Biomarker Core to accelerate early diagnosis and treatment response in cancer. The core will offer comprehensive targeted proteomic cancer biomarker screens, enabling researchers to identify better biomarkers for cancer.

Study shows SARS-CoV-2 corrupts some white blood cells to suppress immune system, suggesting a path to severe COVID

A Johns Hopkins Medicine study finds that SARS-CoV-2 corrupts white blood cells, specifically neutrophils, to impair the production of immune cells critical for fighting COVID-19. This reprogramming may lead to severe COVID cases by weakening the immune response against the virus.

Study reveals surprising side effects of high-dose radiation therapy

Researchers at the University of Chicago Medicine discovered a new phenomenon where high doses of radiation cause growth in existing metastatic tumors. The 'badscopal effect' is attributed to increased production of amphiregulin, which weakens the immune system and makes cancer cells more resistant.

Scientists engineer precision tool for mitochondrial DNA manipulation

Researchers develop specialized enzymes to selectively increase or decrease specific mutation loads in mitochondria, allowing precise study of disease manifestation. This technology holds promise for treating patients with mitochondrial diseases by reducing mutant mtDNA load.